Argo (NASA spacecraft)

Short description: 2009 NASA spacecraft mission concept

Argo

Mission type| Reconnaissance
Multiple flyby
Outer planets
Kuiper belt exploration
Operator| NASA
Spacecraft properties
Power| RTG (proposed)
Start of mission
Launch date| Launch window: 2020s
Flyby of Neptune, Triton, and one KBO
Closest approach| Neptune: 8-11 years after launch.[1]
KBO: an additional 3-5 years[1]
Triton's south pole, as imaged by Voyager 2 in 1989

Argo was a 2009 spacecraft mission concept by NASA to the outer planets and beyond.[1][2][3] The concept included flybys of Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, and a Kuiper belt object.[1] A focus on Neptune and its largest moon Triton would have helped answer some of the questions generated by Voyager 2's flyby in 1989,[1] and would have provided clues to ice giant formation and evolution.[2]

## Contents

* 1 Mission
* 2 Itinerary
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## Mission

The Argo mission was meant to compete for the New Frontiers mission 4 (~$650M). One of the reasons Argo was not formally proposed was the shortage of plutonium-238 for the required radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) for electric power.[4] The current launch window for this mission had been particularly favorable. It opened in 2015 and lasted through the end of 2019, so future missions would need to be redesigned for the relevant planetary alignments.[4]

It was noted that although it offered a Neptune mission at the price of New Frontier's budget, it would be flyby only, limiting the amount of time at Neptune and Triton compared to an orbiter.[5] However, the advantage would be access to a wide variety of Kuiper belt objects by using a gravity assist at Neptune, which would allow a wide range of objects to potentially be targeted.[5] In addition, with a flyby of Jupiter and Saturn, the Planetary Society compared the mission to Voyager 2.[5]

## Itinerary

During its flybys of the giant planets, there would have been potentially well over 100 other moons that could have been studied, and beyond Neptune, the possibility of visiting Kuiper belt objects.

Jupiter, 2014 | Saturn, 2008 | Neptune, 1989 | Neptune's moon Triton

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## See also

* New Horizons probe, performed a Pluto flyby in 2015
* New Horizons 2

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Hansen, C. J. (27 August 2009). "Neptune Science with Argo – A Voyage through the Outer Solar System". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. "A launch opportunity to the outer Solar System via Neptune opens in 2015 and lasts through the end of 2019, with backup options in 2020. It allows trajectories with reasonably short trip times to Neptune (8-11 years) and the Kuiper Belt (an additional 3-5 years), as well as low Triton approach speeds <17 km/sec.".
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Argo: Exploring the Neptune System and Beyond". EPSC Abstracts. European Planetary Science Congress. 2009. http://meetings.copernicus.org/epsc2009/abstracts/EPSC2009-796.pdf. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
3. ↑ White Paper: Argo Mission to Neptune, Triton, and a KBO. Future Planetary Exploration, 30 August 2009.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Betz, Eric (24 August 2015). "NASA's next big spacecraft mission could visit an ice giant". Astronomy Magazine. http://www.astronomy.com/news/2015/08/nasas-next-big-spacecraft-mission-could-be-to-an-ice-giant. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "A launch to Neptune in 2019?" (in en). http://www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2008/1729.html.

## External links

* Future Planetary Exploration - Argo

* v
* t
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Neptune

* Outline of Neptune

Geography|

* Great Dark Spot
* Small Dark Spot
* Rings

NASA image of Neptune

Moons|

* Despina
* Galatea
* Halimede
* Hippocamp
* Laomedeia
* Larissa
* Naiad
* Nereid
* Neso
* Proteus
* Psamathe
* Sao
* Thalassa
* Triton

Astronomy|

| Discovery|

* Urbain Le Verrier
* Johann Gottfried Galle
* John Couch Adams
* Heinrich Louis d'Arrest
* William Lassell

|

General|

* Kuiper belt
* Neptune-crossing minor planets

Trojans|

* 2001 QR322
* 2004 KV18
* 2004 UP10
* 2005 TN53
* 2005 TO74
* 2006 RJ103
* (527604) 2007 VL305
* 2008 LC18
* 2011 HM102

Exploration|

| Past|

* Voyager 2 (1989 flyby)

|

Proposals|

* ODINUS
* Triton Hopper
* Argo
* Trident

Cancelled|

* Mariner Mark II
* Neptune Orbiter
* New Horizons 2

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