Oasis

Short description: Fertile area in a desert environment

A desert oasis, photographed from space

In ecology, an oasis (/oʊˈeɪsɪs/; pl.: oases /oʊˈeɪsiːz/) is a fertile area of a desert or semi-desert environment[1] that sustains plant life and provides habitat for animals. Surface water and land may be present, or water may only be accessible from wells or underground channels created by humans. In geography, an oasis may be a current or past rest stop on a transportation route, or less-than-verdant location that nonetheless provides access to underground water through deep wells created and maintained by humans.

The word oasis came into English from Latin: oasis, from Ancient Greek:, óasis, which in turn is a direct borrowing from Demotic Egyptian. The word for oasis in the latter-attested Coptic language (the descendant of Demotic Egyptian) is wahe or ouahe which means a "dwelling place".[2] Oasis in Arabic is wāḥa (Arabic: واحة).

## Contents

* 1 Description
* 2 Agroforestry
* 3 Distressed systems
* 4 List of places called oases
* 4.1 New World dryland systems with oasis-like attributes
* 5 Gallery of oases
* 6 Practical matters
* 7 See also
* 8 References
* 9 Bibliography
* 10 External links

## Description

Oases develop in “hydrologically favored” locations that have attributes such as a high water table, seasonal lakes, or blockaded wadis.[3] Oases are made when sources of freshwater, such as underground rivers or aquifers, irrigate the surface naturally or via man-made wells.[4] The presence of water on the surface or underground is necessary and the local or regional management of this essential resource is strategic, but not sufficient to create such areas: continuous human work and know-how (a technical and social culture) are essential to maintain such ecosystems.[5][6] Some of the possible human contributions to maintaining an oasis include digging and maintaining wells, digging and maintaining canals, and continuously removing opportunistic plants that threaten to gorge themselves on water and fertility needed to maintain human and animal food supplies.[7] Stereotypically, an oasis has a “central pool of open water surrounded by a ring of water-dependent shrubs and trees…which are in turn encircled by an outlying transition zone to desert plants.”[8]

Rain showers provide subterranean water to sustain natural oases, such as the Tuat. Substrata of impermeable rock and stone can trap water and retain it in pockets, or on long faulting subsurface ridges or volcanic dikes water can collect and percolate to the surface. Any incidence of water is then used by migrating birds, which also pass seeds with their droppings which will grow at the water's edge forming an oasis. It can also be used to plant crops.

Oases in the Middle East and North Africa cover about 1,000,000 hectares (10,000 km2), however, they support the livelihood of about 10 million inhabitants.[9] The stark ratio of oasis to desert land in the world means that the oasis ecosystem is “relatively minute, rare and precious.”[8]

There are 90 “major oases” within the Sahara Desert.[4] Some of their fertility may derive from irrigation systems called foggaras, khettaras, lkhttarts, or a variety of other regional names.[10][11]

In some oases systems, there is “a geometrical system of raised channels that release controlled amounts of the water into individual plots, soaking the soil.”[11]

Irrigation canal within the Figuig Oasis in eastern Morocco

Oases often have human histories that are measured in millennia. Archeological digs at Ein Gedi in the Dead Sea Valley have found evidence of settlement dating to 6,000 BC.[12] Al-Ahsa on the Arabian Peninsula shows evidence of human residence dating to the Neolithic.[13]

Anthropologically, the oasis is “an area of sedentary life, which associates the city [medina] or village [ksar] with its surrounding feeding source, the palm grove, within a relational and circulatory nomadic system.”[14]

The location of oases has been of critical importance for trade and transportation routes in desert areas; caravans must travel via oases so that supplies of water and food can be replenished. Thus, political or military control of an oasis has in many cases meant control of trade on a particular route. For example, the oases of Awjila, Ghadames and Kufra, situated in modern-day Libya, have at various times been vital to both north–south and east–west trade in the Sahara Desert. The location of oases also informed the Darb El Arba'īn trade route from Sudan to Egypt, as well as the caravan route from the Niger River to Tangier, Morocco.[8] The Silk Road “traced its course from water hole to water hole, relying on oasis communities such as Turpan in China and Samarkand in Uzbekistan.”[8]

According to the United Nations, “Oases are at the very heart of the overall development of peri-Saharan countries due to their geographical location and the fact they are preferred migration routes in times of famine or insecurity in the region.”[10]

Oases in Oman, on the Arabian Peninsula near the Persian Gulf, vary somewhat from the Saharan form. While still located in an arid or semi-arid zone with a date palm overstory, these oases are usually located below plateaus and “watered either by springs or by aflaj, tunnel systems dug into the ground or carved into the rock to tap underground aquifers.” This rainwater harvesting system “never developed a serious salinity problem.”[9]

Oasis in Oman

Diagram of khattara system

In the drylands of southwestern North America, there is a habitat form called Palm Oasis (alternately Palm Series or Oasis Scrub Woodland) that has the native California fan palm as the overstory species.[15] These Palm Oases can be found in California , Arizona, Baja California, and Sonora.[15]

## Agroforestry

Djerid Oasis, Tunisia

People who live in an oasis must manage land and water use carefully. The most important plant in an oasis is the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), which forms the upper layer. These palm trees provide shade for smaller understory trees like apricots, dates, figs, olives, and peach trees, which form the middle layer. Market-garden vegetables, some cereals (such as sorghum, barley, millet, and wheat), and/or mixed animal fodder, are grown in the bottom layer where there is more moisture.[16] The oasis is integrated into its desert environment through an often close association with nomadic transhumant livestock farming (very often pastoral and sedentary populations are clearly distinguished). The fertility of the oasis soil is restored by “cyclic organic inputs of animal origin.”[14] In summary, an oasis palm grove is a highly anthropized and irrigated area that supports a traditionally intensive and polyculture-based agriculture.[1]

Responding to environmental constraints, the three strata create what is called the "oasis effect."[1] The three layers and all their interaction points create a variety of combinations of “horizontal wind speed, relative air temperature and relative air humidity.”[9] The plantings—through a virtuous cycle of wind reduction, increased shade and evapotranspiration—create a microclimate favorable to crops; “measurements taken in different oases have showed that the potential evapotranspiration of the areas was reduced by 30 to 50 percent within the oasis.”[14]

The keystone date palm trees are “a main income source and staple food for local populations in many countries in which they are cultivated, and have played significant roles in the economy, society, and environment of those countries.”[17] Challenges for date palm oasis polycultures include “low rainfall, high temperatures, water resources often high in salt content, and high incidence of pests.”[18]

> The oases consist of almost unbroken forests of date palms, divided up into many gardens that are separated by mud walls and intersected by innumerable irrigation and drainage ditches… In the shade of the palms are grown many other kinds of fruit trees—oranges, olives, figs, apricots, peaches, pomegranates, and jujubes—interlaced with large grape vines that often hang in festoons from the palm trunks. Beneath the trees are small plots of garden vegetables, barley, and alfalfa. Neither date palms nor other trees are planted with any regularity, and the growth is often so dense that the garden resembles a tropical jungle. Very beautiful are these gardens in the spring, when the apricot and peach trees are in blossom here and there among the palms and the figs and vines are putting forth their leaves. In autumn, when the dates are ripening, the color effects, especially when the tops of the palms are lit up by the last rays of the setting sun, are something that once seen can never be forgotten. The great clusters of fruit, displaying every tint from bright yellow, through orange, vermilion, and maroon, to plum purple and chestnut brown, with their brilliant yellow or rich orange ivory-like stalks, contrast superbly with the dull bluish or gray green of the feathery crowns of foliage. It is small wonder that a whole folklore of poetic legends and proverbs has grown up around the date palm in the regions where it flourishes.

## Distressed systems

Many historic oases have struggled with drought and inadequate maintenance.

According to a United Nations report on the future of oases in the Sahara and Sahel, “Increasingly…oases are subject to various pressures, heavily influenced by the effects of climate change, decreasing groundwater levels and a gradual loss of cultural heritage due to a fading historical memory concerning traditional water management techniques. These natural pressures are compounded by demographic pressures and the introduction of modern water pumping techniques that can disrupt traditional resource management schemes, particularly in the North Saharan oases.”[10]

For example, five historic oases in the Western Desert of Egypt (Kharga, Dakhla, Farafra, Baharyia, and Siwa) once had “flowing spring and wells” but due to the decline of groundwater heads because of overuse for land reclamation projects those water sources are no more and the oases suffer as a result.[19]

Morocco has lost two-thirds of its oasis habitat over the last 100 years due to heat, drought, and water scarcity.[11] The Ferkla Oases in Morocco once drew on water from the Ferkla, Sat and Tangarfa Rivers but they are now dry but for a few days a year.[11]

## List of places called oases

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Old World Oases  Country  | Administrative Division  | Name  | Elevation  | Typology  | Ref.

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Algeria | Tébessa | Ferkane Oasis | 272 | Wadi Mantana | [20]
Algeria | Tébessa | Negrine Oasis | 355 | Wadi Mantana | [20]
Algeria | Batna | Ghassira Oasis | 759 | Wadi Abiod | [20]
Algeria | Batna | Ghoufi Oasis | 663 | Wadi Abiod | [20]
Algeria | Batna | M'doukel Oasis | 405 | Wadi Al Naemia | [20]
Algeria | Batna | Taghit Tkoutt Oasis | 851 | Wadi Abiod | [20]
Algeria | Batna | Tifelfal Oasis | 778 | Wadi Abiod | [20]
Algeria | Batna | Tigherghar Oasis | 705 | Wadi Ouled Abdi | [20]
Algeria | Djelfa | Amourah Oasis | 1017 | Wadi Bu Kahil | [20]
Algeria | Djelfa | Messaad Oasis | 782 | Wadi Messaad | [20]
Algeria | Khenchela | Chebla Oasis | 503 | Wadi Zeribet | [20]
Algeria | Khenchela | El Ouldja Oasis | 306 | Wadi Zeribet | [20]
Algeria | Khenchela | Khirane Oasis | 569 | Wadi Zeribet | [20]
Algeria | Biskra | Baniane Oasis | 480 | Wadi Aghzar Amlal | [20]
Algeria | Biskra | Biskra Oasis | 95 | Wadi Sidi Zerzour | [20]
Algeria | Biskra | Branis Oasis | 287 | Wadi Sidi Zerzour | [20]
Algeria | Biskra | Djemorah Oasis | 522 | Wadi Ouled Abdi | [20]
Algeria | Biskra | Doucen Oasis | 177 | Wadi Jadi | [20]
Algeria | Biskra | El Haouch Oasis | -8 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Biskra | El Kantara Oasis | 503 | Wadi El Kantara | [20]
Algeria | Biskra | Khenguet Sidi Nadji Oasis | 160 | Wadi Zeribet | [20]
Algeria | Biskra | Lioua Oasis | 105 | Wadi Djedi | [20]
Algeria | Biskra | M'Chouneche Oasis | 301 | Wadi Abiod | [20]
Algeria | Biskra | Mekhadma Oasis | 93 | Wadi Djedi | [20]
Algeria | Biskra | M'lili Oasis | 62 | Wadi Djedi | [20]
Algeria | Biskra | Ouled Djelal Oasis | 189 | Wadi Djedi | [20]
Algeria | Biskra | Oumache Oasis | 50 | Wadi Djedi | [20]
Algeria | Biskra | Sidi Khaled Oasis | 209 | Wadi Djedi | [20]
Algeria | Biskra | Sidi Masmoudi Oasis | 204 | Wadi Ahmar Khadu | [20]
Algeria | Biskra | Sidi Okba Oasis | 50 | Wadi El Biraz | [20]
Algeria | Biskra | Tolga Oasis | 156 | Wadi Jadi | [20]
Algeria | El Oued | Ain Cheik Oasis | 0 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | El Oued | Debila Oasis | 56 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | El Oued | Djamaa Oasis | 34 | Wadi Righ | [20]
Algeria | El Oued | El Meghaier Oasis | -11 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | El Oued | El Oued Oasis | 79 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | El Oued | Guemar Oasis | 64 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | El Oued | Hassani Abdelkrim Oasis | 58 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | El Oued | Hassi Khalifa Oasis | 48 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | El Oued | Lizerg Oasis | 71 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | El Oued | Magrane Oasis | 52 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | El Oued | Mih Ouansa Oasis | 101 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | El Oued | Oued El Alenda Oasis | 90 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | El Oued | Oum Toyour Oasis | 6 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | El Oued | Reguiba Oasis | 54 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | El Oued | Sidi Amrane Oasis | 44 | Wadi Righ | [20]
Algeria | El Oued | Sidi Khelil Oasis | 21 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | El Oued | Still Oasis | 7 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | El Oued | Temerna Djedida Oasis | 66 | Wadi Righ | [20]
Algeria | El Oued | Tendla Oasis | 14 | Wadi Righ | [20]
Algeria | El Bayadh | Arbaouat Oasis | 1022 | Wadi | [20]
Algeria | El Bayadh | Boussemghoun Oasis | 983 | Wadi Boussemghoun | [20]
Algeria | El Bayadh | Brezina Oasis | 851 | Wadi Seggeur | [20]
Algeria | El Bayadh | Sidi El Hadj Eddine Oasis | 753 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Naâma | Moghrar Oasis | 936 | Wadi Moghrar | [20]
Algeria | Naâma | Moghtar Tahtani Oasis | 868 | Wadi Moghrar | [20]
Algeria | Naâma | Tiout Naâma Oasis | 1022 | Wadi Namous | [20]
Algeria | Ouargla | Al Alia Oasis | 106 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Ouargla | Benaceur Oasis | 104 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Ouargla | Blidet Amor Oasis | 91 | Wadi Righ | [20]
Algeria | Ouargla | Daglet Lagrouba Oasis | 107 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Ouargla | El Bour Oasis | 127 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Ouargla | El Hadjira Oasis | 110 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Ouargla | M'Naguer Oasis | 99 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Ouargla | Meggarine Oasis | 69 | Wadi Righ | [20]
Algeria | Ouargla | N'Goussa Oasis | 126 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Ouargla | Ouargla Oasis | 135 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Ouargla | Sidi Slimane Oasis | 53 | Wadi Righ | [20]
Algeria | Ouargla | Taibet Oasis | 99 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Ouargla | Taibine Oasis | 114 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Ouargla | Temacine Oasis | 81 | Wadi Righ | [20]
Algeria | Ouargla | Touggourt Oasis | 72 | Wadi Righ | [20]
Algeria | Ghardaïa | Beni Isguen Oasis | 497 | Wadi M'Zab | [20]
Algeria | Ghardaïa | Berriane Oasis | 533 | Wadi Baloh | [20]
Algeria | Ghardaïa | Bounoura Oasis | 494 | Wadi M'Zab | [20]
Algeria | Ghardaïa | Dhayet Bendhahoua Oasis | 532 | Wadi M'Zab | [20]
Algeria | Ghardaïa | El Atteuf Oasis | 465 | Wadi M'Zab | [20]
Algeria | Ghardaïa | El Guerrara Oasis | 303 | Wadi Zegrir | [20]
Algeria | Ghardaïa | Ghardaia Oasis | 514 | Wadi M'Zab | [20]
Algeria | Ghardaïa | Hassi Gara Oasis | 399 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Ghardaïa | Metlili Oasis | 511 | Wadi Metlili | [20]
Algeria | Ghardaïa | Zelfana Oasis | 354 | Wadi Metlili | [20]
Algeria | Béchar | Aguedal Oasis | 420 | Wadi Saoura | [20]
Algeria | Béchar | Beni Abbes Oasis | 459 | Wadi Saoura | [20]
Algeria | Béchar | Beni Ikhlef Oasis | 399 | Wadi Saoura | [20]
Algeria | Béchar | Boukais Oasis | 847 | Wadi Al Hasra | [20]
Algeria | Béchar | Igli Oasis | 508 | Wadi Saoura | [20]
Algeria | Béchar | Kerzaz Oasis | 379 | Wadi Saoura | [20]
Algeria | Béchar | Ksabi Oasis | 331 | Wadi Saoura | [20]
Algeria | Béchar | Mazzer Oasis | 506 | Wadi Saoura | [20]
Algeria | Béchar | Oulad Raffa Oasis | 350 | Wadi Saoura | [20]
Algeria | Béchar | Ouled Khoudir Oasis | 347 | Wadi Saoura | [20]
Algeria | Béchar | Tabelbala Oasis | 521 | Mountain | [20]
Algeria | Béchar | Taghit Oasis | 602 | Wadi Zouzfana | [20]
Algeria | Béchar | Timoudi Oasis | 356 | Wadi Saoura | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Adjir Oasis | 360 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Admer Zaouiet Oasis | 210 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Adrar Oasis | 244 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Ain Hammou Oasis | 367 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Akabli Oasis | 221 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Anzeglouf Oasis | 185 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Aougrout Oasis | 294 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Aoulef Oasis | 276 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Arhlad Oasis | 275 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Azekkour Oasis | 252 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Azoua Oasis | 198 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Badriane Oasis | 267 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Ben Henni Oasis | 230 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Beni Aissi Oasis | 351 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Bou Ali Oasis | 224 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Bouda Oasis | 234 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Bouffaddi Oasis | 240 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Bour Sidi Youssef Oasis | 244 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Charouine Oasis | 287 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | El Djedid Oasis | 233 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | El Hadj Guelmane Oasis | 243 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | El Ksabi Oasis | 256 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | El Mansour Oasis | 233 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Enefis Oasis | 204 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Fatis Oasis | 359 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Fenoughil Oasis | 225 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Guentour Oasis | 307 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Haha Oasis | 373 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Hammad Oasis | 247 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Hassi Nba Oasis | 342 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Ihrzer Oasis | 236 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Ksar Temassekht Oasis | 259 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Lahmer Oasis | 316 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Mahidia Oasis | 234 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Metarfa Oasis | 252 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Noun En Nass Oasis | 259 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Ouadjda Oasis | 264 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Oufrane Oasis | 288 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Oulad Aiach Oasis | 358 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Oulad Antar Oasis | 226 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Oulad Bou Yahia Oasis | 233 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Oulad Meriem Oasis | 171 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Ouled Abbou Oasis | 255 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Ouled Aissa Oasis | 361 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Ouled Mahmoud Oasis | 268 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Ouled Rached Oasis | 254 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Ouled Said Oasis | 268 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Reggane Oasis | 203 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Rhamianou Oasis | 249 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Sali Oasis | 160 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Sebaa Oasis | 262 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Semdjane Oasis | 327 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Semouta Oasis | 272 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Tabelkoza Oasis | 377 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Tabou Oasis | 312 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Taghouzi Oasis | 373 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Tamadanine Oasis | 163 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Tamentit Oasis | 244 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Tamest Oasis | 226 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Taouennza Oasis | 376 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Tasfaout Oasis | 216 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Tawrirt Oasis | 220 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Tegant Oasis | 360 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Thala Oasis | 246 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Timimoun Oasis | 225 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Timleha Oasis | 243 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Timmassekh Oasis | 224 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Tindjellet Oasis | 249 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Tiouliline Oasis | 196 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Tiourinine Oasis | 223 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Titaf Oasis | 251 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Tlalet Oasis | 248 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Tsabit Oasis | 252 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Zaglou Oasis | 232 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Zaouia Sidi Abd El Kader Oasis | 222 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Zaouia Sidi Bekri Oasis | 241 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Zaouiet Debagh Oasis | 354 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Zaouiet Kounta Oasis | 195 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Adrar | Zaouiet Sidi Mansour Oasis | 376 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Illizi | Illizi Oasis | 558 | Wadi Takhamalt | [20]
Algeria | Illizi | Djanet Oasis | 1032 | Wadi Idjeriou | [20]
Algeria | Illizi | Iherir Oasis | 1118 | Wadi Iherir | [20]
Algeria | Tamanghasset | Foggaret Ezzaouia Oasis | 300 | Erg | [20]
Algeria | Tamanghasset | Igostene Oasis | 274 | Depression | [20]
Algeria | Tamanghasset | In Ghar Oasis | 256 | Erg | [20]
China | Gansu | Crescent Lake | ? | ? | [21]
Egypt | Matruh | Qara Oasis | -41 | Depression | [22]
Egypt | Matruh | Siwa Oasis | -11 | Depression | [22]
Egypt | Jizah | Bahariya Oasis | 118 | Depression | [22]
Egypt | Jizah | El Heiz Oasis | 123 | Depression | [22]
Egypt | Fayyum | Fayyum Oasis | 32 | Depression | [22]
Egypt | Al Wadi al Jadid | Abu Minqar Oasis | 117 | Depression | [22]
Egypt | Al Wadi al Jadid | Al Kharga Oasis | 66 | Depression | [22]
Egypt | Al Wadi al Jadid | Baris Oasis | 54 | Depression | [22]
Egypt | Al Wadi al Jadid | Dahla Oasis | 111 | Depression | [22]
Egypt | Al Wadi al Jadid | Farafra Oasis | 85 | Depression | [22]
Egypt | Aswan | Kurkur Oasis | 316 | Depression | [22]
Israel | Judea and Samaria Area | Ein Gedi Oasis | ? | ? | [21]
Libya | Butnan | Al Jaghbub Oasis | -2 | Depression | [23]
Libya | Nalut | Derj Oasis | 421 | Wadi Tanarut | [23]
Libya | Nalut | Ghadames Oasis | 338 | Depression | [23]
Libya | Jabal al Gharbi | Shakshuk Oasis | 213 | Mountain | [23]
Libya | Al Wahat | Awjillah Oasis | 35 | Depression | [23]
Libya | Al Wahat | Jakharrad Oasis | 31 | Depression | [23]
Libya | Al Wahat | Jalu Oasis | 39 | Depression | [23]
Libya | Al Wahat | Maradah Oasis | 47 | Depression | [23]
Libya | Al Jufrah | Al Fuqaha Oasis | 539 | Wadi Jabal Al Huruj | [23]
Libya | Al Jufrah | Sokna Oasis | 270 | Depression | [23]
Libya | Al Jufrah | Waddan Oasis | 247 | Depression | [23]
Libya | Al Jufrah | Zillah Oasis | 216 | Depression | [23]
Libya | Wadi al Shatii | Adiri Oasis | 366 | Erg | [23]
Libya | Wadi al Shatii | Brak Oasis | 350 | Wadi ash Shati | [23]
Libya | Wadi al Shatii | Wanzarik Oasis | 380 | Erg | [23]
Libya | Sabha | Sabha Oasis | 419 | Erg | [23]
Libya | Sabha | Tamanhint Oasis | 413 | Erg | [23]
Libya | Ghat | Al Awaynat Oasis | 656 | Wadi Al Kawakib | [23]
Libya | Ghat | Ghat Oasis | 675 | Erg | [23]
Libya | Wadi al Hayat | Awbari Oasis | 466 | Erg | [23]
Libya | Wadi al Hayat | Gaberoun Oasis | 451 | Erg | [23]
Libya | Wadi al Hayat | Germa Oasis | 465 | Erg | [23]
Libya | Wadi al Hayat | Qasr Larocu Oasis | 466 | Erg | [23]
Libya | Al Kufrah | Al Kufra Oasis | 382 | Depression | [23]
Libya | Al Kufrah | Buzaymah Oasis | 292 | Depression | [23]
Libya | Al Kufrah | Rabyanah Oasis | 381 | Erg | [23]
Libya | Al Kufrah | Tazirbu Oasis | 255 | Depression | [23]
Libya | Murzuq | Dujal Oasis | 472 | Erg | [23]
Libya | Murzuq | Qatrun Oasis | 474 | Erg | [23]
Libya | Murzuq | Murzuq Oasis | 453 | Erg | [23]
Libya | Murzuq | Tajarhi Oasis | 494 | Erg | [23]
Mauritania | Adrar | Ain Ehel Taya Oasis | 152 | Wadi Atar | [24]
Mauritania | Adrar | Amder Oasis | 248 | Wadi Atar | [24]
Mauritania | Adrar | Aoujeft Oasis | 252 | Wadi Tidjikja | [24]
Mauritania | Adrar | Atar Oasis | 223 | Wadi Atar | [24]
Mauritania | Adrar | Azougui Oasis | 250 | Wadi Atar | [24]
Mauritania | Adrar | Chinguetti Oasis | 494 | Wadi Chinguetti | [24]
Mauritania | Adrar | El Meddah Oasis | 139 | Erg | [24]
Mauritania | Adrar | El Oudei Oasis | 229 | Wadi Al Abiad | [24]
Mauritania | Adrar | Entkemkemt Oasis | 478 | Wadi Chinguetti | [24]
Mauritania | Adrar | Faraoun Oasis | 162 | Wadi Ejwali | [24]
Mauritania | Adrar | Ksar Torchane Oasis | 263 | Wadi Atar | [24]
Mauritania | Adrar | Maaden Oasis | 166 | Depression | [24]
Mauritania | Adrar | Medina Rahme Oasis | 358 | Mountain | [24]
Mauritania | Adrar | Mhaireth Oasis | 354 | Wadi Al Abiad | [24]
Mauritania | Adrar | Ouadane Oasis | 446 | Wadi Ifenouar | [24]
Mauritania | Adrar | Dakhlet el Ghzâl Oasis | 149 | Erg | [24]
Mauritania | Adrar | Salah Eddarein Oasis | 180 | Wadi Ejwali | [24]
Mauritania | Adrar | Taizent Oasis | 213 | Wadi Atar | [24]
Mauritania | Adrar | Tanouchert Oasis | 415 | Erg | [24]
Mauritania | Adrar | Tawaz Oasis | 276 | Wadi Atar | [24]
Mauritania | Adrar | Tentane Oasis | 173 | Depression | [24]
Mauritania | Adrar | Terjit Oasis | 313 | Wadi Atar | [24]
Mauritania | Adrar | Timinite Oasis | 195 | Erg | [24]
Mauritania | Adrar | Tirebane Oasis | 235 | Wadi Ejwali | [24]
Mauritania | Adrar | Toueizikt Oasis | 261 | Wadi Atar | [24]
Mauritania | Adrar | Toungat Oasis | 190 | Wadi Al Abiad | [24]
Mauritania | Hodh ech Chargui | Boukhzama Oasis | 250 | Mountain | [24]
Mauritania | Hodh ech Chargui | Nema Oasis | 259 | Mountain | [24]
Mauritania | Hodh ech Chargui | Oualata Oasis | 240 | Depression | [24]
Mauritania | Tagant | Acharim Oasis | 368 | Wadi Al Nahar Al Abiad | [24]
Mauritania | Tagant | Agnana Oasis | 230 | Wadi Tidjikja | [24]
Mauritania | Tagant | Baghdada Oasis | 410 | Wadi Tidjikja | [24]
Mauritania | Tagant | Borelle Eglieg Oasis | 416 | Wadi Tidjikja | [24]
Mauritania | Tagant | Debaye El Ghadi Oasis | 400 | Wadi Tidjikja | [24]
Mauritania | Tagant | Dendane Oasis | 237 | Wadi Al Nahar Al Abiad | [24]
Mauritania | Tagant | Edwalgue Oasis | 106 | Wadi Al Nahar Al Abiad | [24]
Mauritania | Tagant | El Housseiniya Oasis | 126 | Wadi Al Nahar Al Abiad | [24]
Mauritania | Tagant | El Joumlanya Oasis | 111 | Depression | [24]
Mauritania | Tagant | El Mechra Oasis | 113 | Depression | [24]
Mauritania | Tagant | Entitam Oasis | 109 | Wadi Al Nahar Al Abiad | [24]
Mauritania | Tagant | El Ghoudia Oasis | 408 | Wadi Tidjikja | [24]
Mauritania | Tagant | Ksar El Barka Oasis | 134 | Wadi Callaha | [24]
Mauritania | Tagant | El Ahouetat Oasis | 352 | Wadi Tidjikja | [24]
Mauritania | Tagant | N'Beika Oasis | 112 | Wadi Al Nahar Al Abiad | [24]
Mauritania | Tagant | Nejam Oasis | 443 | Wadi Tidjikja | [24]
Mauritania | Tagant | Rachid Oasis | 269 | Wadi Tidjikja | [24]
Mauritania | Tagant | Talmest Oasis | 252 | Wadi Tidjikja | [24]
Mauritania | Tagant | Taoujafet Oasis | 199 | Wadi Al Abiad | [24]
Mauritania | Tagant | Tichitt Oasis | 188 | Depression | [24]
Mauritania | Tagant | Tidjikja Oasis | 396 | Wadi Tidjikja | [24]
Mauritania | Assaba | El Ajoue Oasis | 89 | Wadi Qurugel | [24]
Mauritania | Assaba | Guerou Oasis | 170 | Depression | [24]
Mauritania | Assaba | Kamour Oasis | 174 | Depression | [24]
Mauritania | Assaba | Ntakat Oasis | 146 | Depression | [24]
Mauritania | Assaba | Tagada El Wassa Oasis | 194 | Depression | [24]
Mauritania | Assaba | Tegadit Iriji Oasis | 173 | Mountain | [24]
Mauritania | Hodh el Gharbi | Kobenni Oasis | 208 | Depression | [24]
Mauritania | Guidimaka | Kankossa Oasis | 80 | Wadi Karakoro | [24]
Morocco | Oriental | Ain Chair Oasis | 969 | Mountain | [25]
Morocco | Oriental | Ain Chouater Oasis | 769 | Wadi Zelmou | [25]
Morocco | Oriental | Bouanane Oasis | 860 | Wadi Bouanane | [25]
Morocco | Oriental | Figuig Oasis | 886 | Mountain | [25]
Morocco | Oriental | Gafait Oasis | 787 | Wadi Za | [25]
Morocco | Oriental | Ksar El Hajoui Oasis | 827 | Wadi El Hajoui | [25]
Morocco | Oriental | Takoumit Oasis | 874 | Wadi Bouanane | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Afra Oasis | 878 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Agdz Oasis | 928 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Aguinane Oasis | 1191 | Wadi Asif Bu Aguinane | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Ait Aissa Oasis | 1000 | Wadi Ouhmidi | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Ait Ben Haddou Oasis | 1261 | Wadi El Maleh | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Ait Ben Omar Oasis | 1003 | Erg | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Ait Ismene et Ihjjamen Oasis | 1368 | Wadi Todra | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Ait Issa Ou Brahim Oasis | 1187 | Wadi Assif | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Ait Mrabet Oasis | 942 | Wadi Ouhmidi | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Ait Saoun Oasis | 1613 | Mountain | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Ait Semghane Oasis | 1115 | Mountain | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Ait Senan Oasis | 1390 | Wadi Todgha | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Ait Tizgui Oasis | 1421 | Wadi Todgha | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Akhlouf Oasis | 797 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Alnif Oasis | 873 | Wadi Alnif | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Amazraou Oasis | 719 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Amazzer Oasis | 1021 | Wadi Ouhmidi | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Ammar Oasis | 965 | Wadi Alnif | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Aoufous Oasis | 893 | Wadi Ziz | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Azreg Oasis | 931 | Wadi Alnif | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Beni Zouli Oasis | 755 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Blaghema Oasis | 872 | Wadi Ziz | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Douira Oasis | 858 | Wadi Ziz | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Douirat Oasis | 775 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | El Borj Oasis | 886 | Wadi Ait Douchen | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | El Jorf Oasis | 817 | Wadi Gheris | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | El Morabitine Oasis | 1201 | Wadi Todgha | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Erfoud Oasis | 808 | Wadi Ziz | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Errachidia Oasis | 1028 | Wadi Ziz | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Essifa Oasis | 771 | Wadi Gheris | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Fezna Oasis | 835 | Wadi Gheris | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Finnt Oasis | 1180 | Wadi Ait Douchen | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Goulmima Oasis | 1024 | Wadi Gheris | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Hassilabied Oasis | 713 | Erg | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Ighrem Agoudim Oasis | 1161 | Wadi Todgh | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Igoudmane Oasis | 1306 | Mountain | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Intliten Oasis | 940 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Irbibene Oasis | 1207 | Wadi Todgh | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Irhels Oasis | 1348 | Wadi Ighls | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Isfalem Oasis | 958 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Isilf Oasis | 978 | Wadi Todgha | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Ksar Beni Kalouf Oasis | 696 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Ksar Beni Ozayem Oasis | 927 | Wadi Guir | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Ksar Boudenib Oasis | 949 | Wadi Guir | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Ksar Hannabou Oasis | 792 | Wadi Gheris | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Ksar Nasrate Oasis | 599 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Ksar Sahli Oasis | 914 | Wadi Guir | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Ksar Tazougart Oasis | 1064 | Wadi Guir | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Ksar Tissergate Oasis | 737 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Ksar Touroug Oasis | 898 | Wadi Todgha/Gheris | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Lamkatra Oasis | 763 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Lhadouane Oasis | 1249 | Wadi Todra | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | M Hamid el Ghizlane Oasis | 549 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Mezguida Oasis | 770 | Wadi Ziz | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Nkob Oasis | 1045 | Wadi Akka Aounzerf | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Ouarzazate Oasis | 1120 | Wadi Iriri | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Oulad Aissa Oasis | 917 | Wadi Ziz | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Oulad Edriss Oasis | 564 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Oulad Yahia Lagraire Oasis | 828 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Ouled Otmane Oasis | 858 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Ramlia Oasis | 621 | Erg | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Rgabi Ait Hssou Oasis | 567 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Rissani Oasis | 760 | Wadi Ziz | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Sijilmasa Oasis | 760 | Wadi Ziz | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Skoura Oasis | 1224 | Wadi El Hajaj | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Tadighoust Oasis | 1107 | Wadi Gheris | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Tafounante Oasis | 1370 | Wadi Ait Douchen | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Taghzoute N Ait Atta Oasis | 1178 | Wadi Todra | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Taguenzalt Oasis | 1317 | Wadi Iriri | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Talamzit Oasis | 905 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Talat Oasis | 910 | Wadi Ouhmidi | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Taltfraout Oasis | 1083 | Mountain | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Tamegroute Oasis | 685 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Tamellalt Oasis | 959 | Wadi Todgha | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Tamezmoute Oasis | 842 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Tamkasselt Oasis | 879 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Tamnougalt Oasis | 914 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Tansikht Oasis | 862 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Taoudaate Oasis | 1406 | Mountain | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Targa El Mal Oasis | 884 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Tarmigt Oasis | 1257 | Wadi Ait Douchen | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Tassawant Oasis | 1095 | Mountain | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Tastifte Oasis | 877 | Wadi Ouhmidi | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Tazarine Oasis | 852 | Mountain | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Tighit Oasis | 899 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Tikchtat Oasis | 785 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Tilouine Oasis | 941 | Wadi Gheris | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Timiderte Oasis | 892 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Tinejdad Oasis | 996 | Wadi Todgha | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Tinfoula Oasis | 897 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Tinghir Oasis | 1282 | Wadi Todra | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Tinighil Oasis | 949 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Tinzouline Oasis | 799 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Tisslit Oasis | 1350 | Wadi Ait Douchen | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Tizgaghine Oasis | 988 | Erg | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Toughza Oasis | 837 | Wadi Alnif | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Toundoute Oasis | 1554 | Wadi El Hajaj | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Zagora Oasis | 724 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Zaouia Sidi Saleh Oasis | 595 | Wadi Draa | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Zaouiet Amelkis Oasis | 945 | Wadi Ziz | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Zaouiet Sidi Blal Oasis | 1078 | Wadi Ouhmidi | [25]
Morocco | Drâa-Tafilalet | Zouiya Oasis | 1255 | Wadi El Hajaj | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Addiss Oasis | 599 | Wadi Tata | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Adghers N Warflan Oasis | 870 | Wadi Asif Bu Aguinane | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Agadir Aserghine Oasis | 778 | Mountain | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Agoudim Oasis | 1558 | Wadi Souss | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Agrd Tamanrt Oasis | 636 | Wadi Tamanart | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Ait Hammane Oasis | 461 | Wadi Ait Ouabelli | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Ait Mansour Oasis | 1256 | Wadi Tamanart | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Ait Ouabelli Oasis | 474 | Wadi Ait Ouabelli | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Akka Ighane Oasis | 801 | Mountain | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Akka Oasis | 538 | Wadi Akka | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Alougoum Oasis | 779 | Wadi Zguid | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Amadagh Oasis | 1048 | Wadi Tata | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Anamr Oasis | 819 | Wadi Tamanart | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Annamer Oasis | 1549 | Wadi Tata | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Aoukerda Oasis | 1130 | Mountain | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Assa Igmir Oasis | 1145 | Wadi Tata | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Azraga Oasis | 1481 | Wadi Asif Bu Aguinane | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | El Ayn Oasis | 767 | Wadi Asif Bu Aguinane | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | El Kasba Oasis | 606 | Wadi Tamanart | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | El Mhamid Oasis | 664 | Wadi Zguid | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Fam El Hisn Oasis | 478 | Wadi Tamanart | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Foum El Oued Oasis | 847 | Wadi Zguid | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Foum Zguid Oasis | 647 | Wadi Zguid | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Ibouday Oasis | 1049 | Wadi Tata | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Icht Oasis | 500 | Wadi Tamanart | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Ida Ou Lestane Oasis | 766 | Mountain | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Ighir-Igiouaz Oasis | 600 | Wadi Tamanart | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Ighmir Oasis | 934 | Wadi Tamanart | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Imitek Oasis | 783 | Wadi Ourgine | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Kiriwt Oasis | 1115 | Wadi Asif Bu Aguinane | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Oum El Guerdane Oasis | 561 | Wadi Tata | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Tagueldimt Oasis | 1655 | Wadi Tata | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Tamssoulte Oasis | 790 | Wadi Tamanart | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Targa N'hanna Oasis | 758 | Wadi Targa | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Tata Oasis | 700 | Wadi Tata | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Tiggane Oasis | 550 | Wadi Tata | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Tiguissalt Oasis | 605 | Wadi Tata | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Tiout Oasis | 280 | Mountain | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Tisenasamine Oasis | 1157 | Wadi Tata | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Tissint Oasis | 558 | Wadi Tissint | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Tizgui Ida ou Baloul Oasis | 969 | Wadi Akka | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Tizgui N Oufla Oasis | 1170 | Wadi Tata | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Zawit Oasis | 1233 | Wadi Souss | [25]
Morocco | Souss-Massa | Inraren Oasis | ? | ? | [26]
Morocco | Guelmim-Oued Noun | Aday Oasis | 695 | Wadi Siyad | [25]
Morocco | Guelmim-Oued Noun | Ait Herbil Oasis | 955 | Wadi Tamanart | [25]
Morocco | Guelmim-Oued Noun | Ait Illou Oasis | 696 | Wadi Siyad | [25]
Morocco | Guelmim-Oued Noun | Amsra Oasis | 771 | Mountain | [25]
Morocco | Guelmim-Oued Noun | Amtoudi Oasis | 871 | Wadi Tamanart | [25]
Morocco | Guelmim-Oued Noun | Assa Oasis | 305 | Wadi Assa | [25]
Morocco | Guelmim-Oued Noun | Bouizakarne Oasis | 620 | Mountain | [25]
Morocco | Guelmim-Oued Noun | Ifrane Atlas-Saghir Oasis | 768 | Wadi Ifraane | [25]
Morocco | Guelmim-Oued Noun | Tagant Oasis | 531 | Wadi Tamissouri | [25]
Morocco | Guelmim-Oued Noun | Taghjijt Oasis | 573 | Wadi Siyad | [25]
Morocco | Guelmim-Oued Noun | Tainzert Oasis | 646 | Wadi Siyad | [25]
Morocco | Guelmim-Oued Noun | Tighmert Oasis | 287 | Wadi Siyad | [25]
Morocco | Guelmim-Oued Noun | Tiglit Oasis | 305 | Wadi Dara'a | [25]
Morocco | Guelmim-Oued Noun | Timoulay Oasis | 669 | Wadi Ifraane | [25]
Niger | Agadez | Abardok Oasis | 822 | Wadi Amdigra | [27]
Niger | Agadez | Adaouda Oasis | 906 | Wadi Téloues | [27]
Niger | Agadez | Aney Oasis | 393 | Depression | [27]
Niger | Agadez | Aouderas Oasis | 793 | Wadi Tamazelak | [27]
Niger | Agadez | Aoukadede Oasis | 1477 | Depression | [27]
Niger | Agadez | Arlit Oasis | 418 | Erg | [27]
Niger | Agadez | Bagzan nAmmass Oasis | 1537 | Depression | [27]
Niger | Agadez | Bilma Oasis | 364 | Depression | [27]
Niger | Agadez | Debaga Oasis | 577 | Wadi Teloua | [27]
Niger | Agadez | Djado Oasis | 447 | Depression | [27]
Niger | Agadez | Emalawle Oasis | 1458 | Depression | [27]
Niger | Agadez | Fachi Oasis | 371 | Depression | [27]
Niger | Agadez | Iferouane/Afassa Oasis | 660 | Wadi Iberkoum | [27]
Niger | Agadez | Ingall Oasis | 487 | Wadi Tchinakawatane | [27]
Niger | Agadez | Dirkou Oasis | 377 | Depression | [27]
Niger | Agadez | Seguedine Oasis | 415 | Depression | [27]
Niger | Agadez | Tabelot Oasis | 858 | Wadi Téloues | [27]
Niger | Agadez | Tadara Oasis | 954 | Wadi Téloues | [27]
Niger | Agadez | Tagabada Oasis | 775 | Wadi Téloues | [27]
Niger | Agadez | Takazanza Oasis | 857 | Wadi Amdigra | [27]
Niger | Agadez | Tassissat Oasis | 1530 | Depression | [27]
Niger | Agadez | Tchirozerine Oasis | 507 | Wadi Tchirozerine | [27]
Niger | Agadez | Timia Oasis | 877 | Mountain | [27]
Niger | Diffa | Adebour Oasis | 315 | Erg | [27]
Niger | Diffa | Cheri Oasis | 325 | Erg | [27]
Niger | Diffa | Dabalia Oasis | 338 | Erg | [27]
Niger | Diffa | Ganga Oasis | 322 | Erg | [27]
Niger | Zinder | Guidimouni Oasis | 403 | Erg | [27]
Oman | Al Buraymi | A D'lhah Oasis | 614 | Wadi Kadra | [28]
Oman | Al Buraymi | Ajran Oasis | 623 | Wadi Ajran | [28]
Oman | Al Buraymi | Al Wasit Oasis | 510 | Erg | [28]
Oman | Al Buraymi | Alkhbayn Oasis | 658 | Wadi Hamidah | [28]
Oman | Al Buraymi | Ar Rayy Oasis | 549 | Wadi Hatta | [28]
Oman | Al Buraymi | As Sunainah Oasis | 259 | Erg | [28]
Oman | Al Buraymi | Daqiq Oasis | 827 | Wadi Kitnah | [28]
Oman | Al Buraymi | Halahil Oasis | 802 | Wadi As Suhayli | [28]
Oman | Al Buraymi | Harim Oasis | 742 | Wadi Ajran | [28]
Oman | Al Buraymi | Kitnah Oasis | 669 | Wadi Kitnah | [28]
Oman | Al Buraymi | Mahdah Oasis | 430 | Wadi Hywan/Musydirah | [28]
Oman | Al Buraymi | Masah Oasis | 645 | Wadi Bid | [28]
Oman | Al Buraymi | Nuway Oasis | 451 | Wadi Sharm | [28]
Oman | Al Buraymi | Rabi Oasis | 504 | Wadi Kitnah | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah North | Al Ablah Oasis | 598 | Wadi As Suhayli | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah North | Al Ghadifah Oasis | 470 | Wadi Sudari | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah North | Al Ghushayn Oasis | 605 | Wadi Shafan | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah North | Al Mahbab Oasis | 701 | Wadi Hawqain | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah North | Al Zuwayhir Oasis | 362 | Wadi Al Sermi | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah North | Bu'ayq Oasis | 317 | Wadi Bani Omar | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah North | Dabah Oasis | 655 | Wadi Hawqain | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah North | Dallah Oasis | 657 | Wadi Shafan | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah North | Farfar Oasis | 541 | Wadi Nasil | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah North | Hailain Oasis | 309 | Wadi Al Jahwir | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah North | Hyad Oasis | 659 | Wadi As Suhayli | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah North | Kanut Oasis | 373 | Wadi Al Sermi | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah North | Khan Oasis | 373 | Wadi Nasil | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah North | Khubaytah Oasis | 398 | Wadi Sudari | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah North | Rajmi Oasis | 415 | Wadi Rajma'a | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah North | Ruqqah Oasis | 403 | Wadi Al Sermi | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah North | Zaymi Oasis | 528 | Wadi Zaymi | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Ad Dif Oasis | 524 | Wadi Hawqain | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Adh Dhahur Oasis | 589 | Wadi Hawqain | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Afi Oasis | 229 | Wadi Afi | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Al Abyad Oasis | 215 | Wadi Far | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Al Awabi Oasis | 497 | Wadi Bani Kharous | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Al Far Oasis | 466 | Wadi Ban Awf | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Al Hajir Oasis | 1121 | Mountain | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Al Hijir Oasis | 686 | Mountain | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Al Jamma Oasis | 137 | Depression | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Al Madinah Oasis | 343 | Wadi Hawqain | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Al Manazif Oasis | 399 | Wadi Hawqain | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Al Maydan Oasis | 616 | Wadi Hawqain | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Al Misfah Oasis | 208 | Wadi Misfah | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Al Ulyah Oasis | 877 | Wadi Musfa | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Al Wishayl Oasis | 257 | Wadi Misfah | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | An Nid Oasis | 812 | Wadi Sahtan | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Ar Rajlah Oasis | 559 | Wadi Hawqain | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Ash Shibika Oasis | 200 | Wadi Misfah | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | At Tabaqah Oasis | 457 | Wadi Sahtan | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Bald Sayt Oasis | 976 | Mountain | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Daris Oasis | 168 | Depression | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Falaj Bani Umar Oasis | 189 | Wadi Misfah | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Fasah Oasis | 622 | Wadi Sahtan | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Hawqayn Oasis | 242 | Wadi Hawqain | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Hayjar Oasis | 748 | Wadi Bani Kharous | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Hayl as Sawaluh Oasis | 598 | Wadi Hawqain | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Hibra Oasis | 187 | Depression | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Istal Oasis | 671 | Wadi Bani Kharous | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Khadra Oasis | 515 | Wadi Sahtan | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Khafdi Oasis | 445 | Wadi Hawqain | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Nakhal Oasis | 323 | Mountain | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Rustaq Oasis | 348 | Wadi Al Kur | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Sini Oasis | 648 | Wadi Hawqain | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Sunaybah Oasis | 725 | Wadi Bani Kharous | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Wadi Bani Harras Oasis | 766 | Wadi Bani Harras | [28]
Oman | Al Batinah South | Yiqa Oasis | 553 | Wadi Hawqain | [28]
Oman | Muscat | Al Jeela Oasis | 486 | Wadi Ash Shab | [28]
Oman | Muscat | Al Khoud Old Oasis | 82 | Wadi Al Khoud | [28]
Oman | Muscat | Hayl Al Ghaf Oasis | 50 | Depression | [28]
Oman | Muscat | Siya Oasis | 298 | Wadi Sasrin | [28]
Oman | Al Dhahirah | Al Ayn Oasis | 639 | Wadi Al Ayn | [28]
Oman | Al Dhahirah | Al Basatin Oasis | 867 | Wadi Al Hijr | [28]
Oman | Al Dhahirah | Al Hawmaniyah Oasis | 541 | Wadi Shumayt | [28]
Oman | Al Dhahirah | Al Hayl Oasis | 689 | Wadi Al Ayn | [28]
Oman | Al Dhahirah | Al Hayyal Oasis | 529 | Wadi Habis | [28]
Oman | Al Dhahirah | Al Hijr Oasis | 678 | Wadi Al Hijr | [28]
Oman | Al Dhahirah | Al Wuqbah Oasis | 719 | Wadi Bayha | [28]
Oman | Al Dhahirah | An Nujayd Oasis | 596 | Wadi Ibat | [28]
Oman | Al Dhahirah | Bid'ah Oasis | 913 | Wadi Shumayt | [28]
Oman | Al Dhahirah | Bulaydah Oasis | 776 | Wadi Bulaydah | [28]
Oman | Al Dhahirah | Damm Oasis | 725 | Wadi Damm | [28]
Oman | Al Dhahirah | Dhank Oasis | 343 | Wadi Dank | [28]
Oman | Al Dhahirah | Harat Al Hisin Oasis | 399 | Wadi Dank | [28]
Oman | Al Dhahirah | Harat Khatu Oasis | 464 | Wadi Dank | [28]
Oman | Al Dhahirah | Ibri Oasis | 360 | Wadi Al Ayn | [28]
Oman | Al Dhahirah | Kahanat Oasis | 692 | Wadi/Hamada | [28]
Oman | Al Dhahirah | Maqabil Oasis | 490 | Erg | [28]
Oman | Al Dhahirah | Maqniyat Oasis | 702 | Wadi Maqniyat | [28]
Oman | Al Dhahirah | Miskin Oasis | 647 | Wadi Ibat | [28]
Oman | Al Dhahirah | Yanqul Oasis | 565 | Wadi Dank | [28]
Oman | Ad Dakhiliyah | Adam Oasis | 283 | Wadi Al Athl | [28]
Oman | Ad Dakhiliyah | Al Ayshah Oasis | 585 | Wadi Al Khahfa/As Safil | [28]
Oman | Ad Dakhiliyah | Al Ghafat Oasis | 549 | Wadi Sayfam | [28]
Oman | Ad Dakhiliyah | Al Hamra Oasis | 647 | Wadi Al Hamra | [28]
Oman | Ad Dakhiliyah | Al Jirayfat Oasis | 766 | Wadi Nakhr | [28]
Oman | Ad Dakhiliyah | Al Qariyatain Oasis | 561 | Wadi Qant | [28]
Oman | Ad Dakhiliyah | Bahla Oasis | 569 | Wadi Al Munbuk | [28]
Oman | Ad Dakhiliyah | Bidbid Oasis | 218 | Wadi Bidbid | [28]
Oman | Ad Dakhiliyah | Bilad Sayt Oasis | 632 | Wadi Almantaq | [28]
Oman | Ad Dakhiliyah | Birkat Al Mouz Oasis | 565 | Wadi Wasit | [28]
Oman | Ad Dakhiliyah | Fanja Oasis | 169 | Wadi Fanja | [28]
Oman | Ad Dakhiliyah | Imti Oasis | 594 | Wadi Al Hajar | [28]
Oman | Ad Dakhiliyah | Izki Oasis | 550 | Wadi Al Hajar | [28]
Oman | Ad Dakhiliyah | Ma'bas Oasis | 583 | Depression | [28]
Oman | Ad Dakhiliyah | Manah Oasis | 422 | Depression | [28]
Oman | Ad Dakhiliyah | Manal Oasis | 523 | Wadi Qari | [28]
Oman | Ad Dakhiliyah | Masram Oasis | 710 | Wadi Muharram | [28]
Oman | Ad Dakhiliyah | Misfat Al Abriyyin Oasis | 915 | Wadi Maqal | [28]
Oman | Ad Dakhiliyah | Muskaysa Oasis | 630 | Wadi Qant | [28]
Oman | Ad Dakhiliyah | Nida Oasis | 439 | Wadi Assijani | [28]
Oman | Ad Dakhiliyah | Nizwa Oasis | 522 | Wadi Sumayt | [28]
Oman | Ad Dakhiliyah | Said Oasis | 568 | Wadi Qari | [28]
Oman | Ad Dakhiliyah | Samail Oasis | 368 | Wadi Samail | [28]
Oman | Ad Dakhiliyah | Saroor Oasis | 260 | Wadi Bidbid | [28]
Oman | Ad Dakhiliyah | Sajae Oasis | 495 | Wadi Sumail | [28]
Oman | Ad Dakhiliyah | Sayq Oasis | 1867 | Mountain | [28]
Oman | Ad Dakhiliyah | Tanuf Oasis | 616 | Wadi Tanuf | [28]
Oman | Ad Dakhiliyah | Wadi Al Ala Oasis | 605 | Wadi Al Ala | [28]
Oman | Ad Dakhiliyah | Wusad Oasis | 546 | Wadi Qari | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Al Buwaiten Oasis | 401 | Depression | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Al Fath Oasis | 429 | Depression | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Al Hammam Oasis | 434 | Wadi Al Khabbah | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Al Khadra Oasis | 484 | Wadi Indam | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Al Khashabah Oasis | 420 | Depression | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Al Mudaireb Oasis | 358 | Wadi Aghda | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Al Mudaybi Oasis | 402 | Depression | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Al Muktra Oasis | 428 | Depression | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Al Qabil Oasis | 432 | Wadi Al Lithili | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Al Rawdha Oasis | 607 | Wadi Musfa | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Al Ruddah Oasis | 373 | Depression | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Al Wafi Oasis | 395 | Wadi Indam | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Al Wasil Oasis | 315 | Depression | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | An Niba Oasis | 406 | Wadi Aghda | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Aqda'a Oasis | 393 | Wadi Al Khabbah | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | As Sarm Oasis | 424 | Wadi Aghda | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | As Sumayiyyah Oasis | 453 | Wadi Al Khabbah | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Awf Oasis | 657 | Wadi Shuriji | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Ayn Al Khashen Oasis | 446 | Wadi Manqa | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Batin Oasis | 438 | Wadi Aghda | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Bdh Oasis | 722 | Wadi Bani Khalid | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Bidiyah Oasis | 293 | Depression | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Hilm Oasis | 900 | Wadi Manqal | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Haul Oasis | 600 | Wadi Manqal | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Hubat Oasis | 547 | Wadi Musfa | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Ibra Oasis | 479 | Wadi Nam | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Kharma Oasis | 521 | Wadi Qant | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Lizq Oasis | 490 | Depression | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Maqta Oasis | 389 | Wadi Bani Khalid | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Miss Oasis | 591 | Wadi Wasit | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Munjarid Oasis | 409 | Wadi Aghda | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Naqsi Oasis | 652 | Wadi Wasit | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Sabt Oasis | 339 | Wadi Bani Khalid | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Samad Al Shan Oasis | 572 | Wadi Musfa | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Saman Oasis | 506 | Wadi Shuriji | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Sinaw Oasis | 357 | Depression | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Saut Al Khadima Oasis | 306 | Wadi Al Khabbah | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Al Rakaikh Oasis | 327 | Wadi Al Khabbah | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Mehlah Oasis | 348 | Wadi Al Khabbah | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Tool Oasis | 271 | Wadi Al Khabbah | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Ulyah Oasis | 394 | Wadi Al Khabbah | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Uyun Oasis | 311 | Depression | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah North | Wadi Bani Khalid Oasis | 669 | Wadi Bani Khalid | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah South | Al Kamil Oasis | 160 | Wadi Bani Khalid | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah South | Bani Bu Ali Oasis | ? | Wadi Bani Khalid | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah South | Jalan Bani Buhassan Oasis | 108 | Wadi Bani Khalid | [28]
Oman | Ash Sharqiyah South | Sayma Oasis | 260 | Wadi Tiwi | [28]
Oman | Dhofar | Salalah Oasis | 8 | Depression | [28]
Saudi Arabia | Al Jawf | Dumat Al-Jandal Oasis | 584 | Depression | [29]
Saudi Arabia | Tabuk | Tayma Oasis | 812 | Depression | [29]
Saudi Arabia | Ash Sharqiyah | Al Ahsa Oasis | 149 | Depression | [29]
Saudi Arabia | Ash Sharqiyah | Al Hafayer Oasis | 180 | Depression | [29]
Saudi Arabia | Ash Sharqiyah | Yabrin Oasis | 173 | Depression | [29]
Saudi Arabia | Al Madinah | Al Disah Oasis | 564 | Wadi Al Disah | [29]
Saudi Arabia | Al Madinah | Al Mindassah Oasis | 533 | Wadi Al Himd | [29]
Saudi Arabia | Al Madinah | Al Ula Oasis | 692 | Wadi Al Ula | [29]
Saudi Arabia | Al Madinah | Buwat Oasis | 493 | Wadi Buwat | [29]
Saudi Arabia | Al Madinah | Khaibar Oasis | 714 | Wadi Idam | [29]
Saudi Arabia | Al Madinah | Kale Oasis | 701 | Wadi Idam | [29]
Saudi Arabia | Al Madinah | Medinah Oasis | 584 | Wadi Aqiq | [29]
Saudi Arabia | Al Madinah | Mogayra Oasis | 583 | Depression | [29]
Saudi Arabia | Al Madinah | Shajwa Oasis | 554 | Wadi Al Himd | [29]
Saudi Arabia | Ar Riyad | Al Diriyyah Oasis | 658 | Wadi Hanifah | [29]
Saudi Arabia | Ar Riyad | Al Hariq Oasis | 675 | Mountain | [29]
Saudi Arabia | Ar Riyad | Al Hulwah Oasis | 594 | Wadi Barik | [29]
Saudi Arabia | Ar Riyad | Howtat Bani Tamim Oasis | 575 | Wadi Barik | [29]
Saudi Arabia | Ar Riyad | Naam Oasis | 635 | Mountain | [29]
Saudi Arabia | Makkah | Al Gharith Oasis | 1083 | Wadi Turba | [29]
Saudi Arabia | Najran | Najran Oasis | 1307 | Wadi Najran | [29]
Syria | Damascus | Ghouta Oasis | ? | ? |
Tunisia | Gafsa | El Guettar Oasis | 224 | Mountain | [30]
Tunisia | Gafsa | Gafsa Oasis | 281 | Wadi Baiash | [30]
Tunisia | Tozeur | Chebika Oasis | 115 | Mountain | [30]
Tunisia | Tozeur | Dguache Oasis | 48 | Depression | [30]
Tunisia | Tozeur | Hammat Al Jarid Oasis | 40 | Depression | [30]
Tunisia | Tozeur | Midès Oasis | 367 | Wadi Al Adwi | [30]
Tunisia | Tozeur | Naftah Oasis | 35 | Depression | [30]
Tunisia | Tozeur | Tamaqzah Oasis | 276 | Wadi Tamaqzah | [30]
Tunisia | Tozeur | Tamerza Oasis | ? | Mountain | [9][31]
Tunisia | Tozeur | Tozeur Oasis | 36 | Depression | [30]
Tunisia | Kebili | Blidet Oasis | 32 | Depression | [30]
Tunisia | Kebili | Douz Oasis | 63 | Depression | [30]
Tunisia | Kebili | El Faouar Oasis | 51 | Depression | [30]
Tunisia | Kebili | Es Sabria Oasis | 57 | Depression | [30]
Tunisia | Kebili | Ghidma Oasis | 27 | Depression | [30]
Tunisia | Kebili | Jamnah Oasis | 46 | Depression | [30]
Tunisia | Kebili | Kebili Oasis | 35 | Depression | [30]
Tunisia | Kebili | Ksar Ghilane Oasis | 210 | Erg | [30]
Tunisia | Kebili | Nouail Oasis | 32 | Depression | [30]
Tunisia | Kebili | Radhouan Oasis | 112 | Depression | [30]
Tunisia | Kebili | Steftimi Oasis | 40 | Depression | [30]
Tunisia | Kebili | Souk Lahad Oasis | 63 | Depression | [30]
Tunisia | Kebili | Telmine Oasis | 24 | Depression | [30]
Tunisia | Gabès | Al Hammah Oasis | 58 | Depression | [30]
Tunisia | Gabès | Al Zar At Oasis | 18 | Wadi Tarmaman | [30]
Tunisia | Gabès | Ben Ghilouf Oasis | 37 | Depression | [30]
Tunisia | Gabès | El Mdou Oasis | 49 | Wadi Gabès | [30]
Tunisia | Gabès | Gabès Oasis | 15 | Wadi Gabès | [30]
Tunisia | Gabès | Kettana Oasis | 28 | Wadi Al Hajal | [30]
Tunisia | Gabès | Mareth Oasis | 43 | Wadi Tarmaman | [30]
Tunisia | Gabès | Metouia Oasis | 24 | Depression | [30]
Tunisia | Gabès | Oudref Oasis | 25 | Wadi Al Maleh | [30]
Tunisia | Médenine | Ksar Hallouf Oasis | 450 | Wadi Al Hallouf | [30]
Tunisia | Tataouine | Ksar El Ferich Oasis | 276 | Wadi Al Kosh | [30]
Tunisia | Tataouine | Ksar Ouled Debbab Oasis | 298 | Wadi Al Khmah | [30]
Tunisia | Tataouine | Ksar Tlalet Oasis | 232 | Wadi Tlalet | [30]
Tunisia | Tataouine | Ksar Daghara Oasis | 300 | Wadi | [30]
Tunisia | Tataouine | Tataouine Oasis | 307 | Wadi Tataouine | [30]
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan | Daşoguz Province
Template:Country data Karakalpakstan | Khorezm Oasis | ? | ? | [32]
United Arab Emirates | Abu Dhabi | Al Ain Oasis | 292 | Erg | [33]
United Arab Emirates | Abu Dhabi | Liwa Oasis | 130 | Erg | [33]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Abdullah Gharib Oasis | 281 | Wadi Hima | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Ad-Dees Ash-Sharqia Oasis | 95 | Wadi Omar | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Al Hawi Oasis | 663 | Wadi Hadramawt | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Al Jadidah Oasis | 1068 | Wadi Dawan | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Al Jaha Oasis | 310 | Wadi Bdsh | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Al Khamilah Oasis | 1043 | Wadi ‘Amad | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Al Khuraibah Oasis | 1039 | Wadi Dawan | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Al Qatn Oasis | 678 | Wadi Hadramawt | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Alaqqad Oasis | 672 | Wadi Hadramawt | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Alghurfa Oasis | 651 | Wadi Hadramawt | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Alkhamra Oasis | 738 | Wadi Adim | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Alqaria Oasis | 593 | Wadi Al Masilah | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Alrudood Oasis | 642 | Wadi Adim | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Alsowm Oasis | 563 | Wadi Al Masilah | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Alwahd Oasis | 769 | Wadi Adim | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Amd Oasis | 917 | Wadi ‘Amad | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Anag Oasis | 881 | Wadi ‘Amad | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Ard Ar Raydah Oasis | 736 | Wadi Adim | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | As Sadarah Oasis | 423 | Wadi Hajr | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Bdsh Oasis | 496 | Wadi Bdsh | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Budah Oasis | 950 | Wadi Dawan | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Einat Oasis | 590 | Wadi Al Masilah | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Araf Oasis | 303 | Wadi ‘Araf | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | El Ghebel Oasis | 346 | Wadi ‘Asad | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | El Hadala Oasis | 270 | Wadi ‘Asad | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | El Huf Oasis | 314 | Wadi ‘Asad | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | El Mar Oasis | 700 | Wadi Raghdun | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Ghayl Bin Yamin Oasis | 830 | Wadi Yusen | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Ghayl Ba Wazir Oasis | 95 | Mountain | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Gromedh Oasis | 973 | Wadi ‘Amad | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Haid al-Jazil Oasis | 1025 | Wadi Dawan | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Hair El Ghezid Oasis | 989 | Wadi Dawan | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Halfun Oasis | 93 | Depression | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Halit Oasis | 976 | Wadi ‘Amad | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Hamam Oasis | 92 | Depression | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Haqab Oasis | 418 | Wadi Haqab | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Hawl Oasis | 1075 | Wadi Hajr | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Hisn Ba Qirdan Oasis | 376 | Wadi Hajr | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Husun As Sufayara' Oasis | 586 | Wadi Al Masilah | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Huwaibah Oasis | 586 | Wadi Dawan | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Jahi Oasis | 821 | Wadi Dawan | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Jahiz Oasis | 924 | Wadi ‘Amad | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Khaborah Oasis | 6 | Wadi Hajr | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Mahmeddah Oasis | 410 | Wadi Muhamadh | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Masna'ah Oasis | 360 | Wadi Hajr | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Moa'ber Oasis | 80 | Wadi Moa'ber | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Qaidun Oasis | 826 | Wadi Dawan | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Qarn Salifi Oasis | 909 | Wadi Hajr | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Qurayyah Oasis | 963 | Wadi ‘Amad | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Sana Oasis | 533 | Wadi Sana | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Seiyun Oasis | 648 | Wadi Hadramawt | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Sha'b al-Nur Oasis | 233 | Wadi ‘Araf | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Shibam Oasis | 667 | Wadi Hadramawt | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Shuh Oasis | 986 | Wadi Rakhih | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Sif Oasis | 885 | Wadi Dawan | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Subalkh Oasis | 1136 | Wadi Dawan | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Tabalah Oasis | 88 | Wadi ‘Araf | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Taribah Oasis | 628 | Wadi Hadramawt | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Tarim Oasis | 614 | Wadi Al Masilah | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Taulabah Oasis | 1186 | Wadi Dawan | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Wasit Oasis | 101 | Erg | [34]
Yemen | Hadramawt | Yuwan Oasis | 801 | Wadi Yuwan | [34]
Yemen | Al Mahrah | Bmzon Oasis | 216 | Wadi Al Masilah | [34]
Yemen | Al Mahrah | Dha Sohis Oasis | 270 | Wadi Al Masilah | [34]
Yemen | Al Mahrah | Qishn Oasis | 6 | Depression | [34]
Yemen | Al Jawf | Al Hazm Oasis | 1109 | Wadi Madab | [34]
Yemen | Al Jawf | Dasl Oasis | 1303 | Wadi Khab | [34]
Yemen | Al Jawf | Khab Oasis | 1402 | Wadi Khab | [34]
Yemen | Al Jawf | Suq Al Thaluth Oasis | 1450 | Wadi Khab | [34]
Yemen | Al Hudaydah | Nukhaylah Oasis | 8 | Depression | [34]
Yemen | Al Hudaydah | Al Rus Oasis | 25 | Depression | [34]
Yemen | Al Hudaydah | Az Za'faran Oasis | 15 | Depression | [34]
Yemen | Ta'izz | Yakhtul Oasis | 6 | Depression | [34]

### New World dryland systems with oasis-like attributes

* Huacachina, Peru[21]
* Quitobaquito, Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona[35]
* Kitowok, Sonora, Mexico[35]
* Fish Springs National Wildlife Refuge in Utah, United States
* Havasu Falls, Grand Canyon, Arizona[36]
* Zzyzx in Mojave National Preserve, California [37]
* Cuatro Ciengas basin, Chihuahuan desert, Mexico[38]
* Oasis Spring Ecological Reserve, Salton Sea, California[39]

## Gallery of oases

* Unidentified oasis in Africa, photographed c. 1930

* Bilma Oasis, Niger

* Oasis de Santa Gertrudis, Baja California

* Al-Ahsa Oasis, also known as Al-Hasa Oasis, in Saudi Arabia is the largest oasis in the world.

* Al Ain Oasis in the city of Al Ain in the United Arab Emirates

* Taghit in Algeria, North Africa

* Ein Gedi in Israel, Middle East

* Rubaksa in a dry limestone environment in north Ethiopia is an oasis thanks to the existence of karstic springs.

* Ubari Oasis in southwestern Libya

* Date palm trees in Liwa Oasis

* Crescent Lake (Yueyaquan) in the Gobi Desert

* Huacachina in southwestern Peru

* Namibe desert oasis, Angola

* Palm trees and the moon in Figuig, Morocco

## Practical matters

A 1920 USGS publication about watering holes in the deserts of California and Arizona gave this advice for travelers seeking oases:[40]

> The usual watering places are springs or wells. Springs are frequently clogged with gravel or rubbish or sometimes even with the bodies of dead animals, and it may be necessary to clean them out. For this work a shovel is needed. Wells may or may not be equipped with pumps. Frequently the pumps are broken and useless, and a rope and bucket are then necessary to obtain water. Most of the wells in this region are less than 100 feet deep, but some are deeper, and 100 feet of rope is not too much to provide. As a rule the rope and bucket at a well, if they were ever provided, soon disappear, and one should never trust the chance of finding them there. Open wells are sometimes contaminated in the same way as springs and need to be cleaned out, particularly in little-frequented places where they are unused for months at a time.

## See also

* Earth:Guelta - Pockets of water in the Sahara desert
* Physics:Mirage - Naturally occurring optical phenomenon
* Earth:Oasification - Antonym to desertification by soil erosion
* Engineering:Qanat - Water management system using underground channels
* Earth:Wadi - River valley, especially a dry riverbed that contains water only during times of heavy rain
* Biology:Gallery forest - Type of riparian forest in dry regions
* Lençóis Maranhenses National Park (Brazil)
* Great Green Wall (disambiguation)
* Aflaj Irrigation Systems of Oman
* Palmeral of Elche
* Fog oasis (South America)

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 (in French) Battesti, Vincent (2005) Jardins au désert: Évolution des pratiques et savoirs oasiens: Jérid tunisien. Paris: IRD éditions. ISBN:978-2-7177-2584-1.
2. ↑ Douglas Harper. "Etymonline - Origin of 'Oasis'". Etymonline - Origin of 'Oasis'. http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=oasis&searchmode=none. Retrieved 2011-07-30.
3. ↑ Gebel, Hans Georg K. (2013). "Arabia's fifth-millennium BCE pastoral well cultures: hypotheses on the origins of oasis life". Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 43: 111–126. ISSN 0308-8421. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43782872.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "oasis" (in en). National Geographic Society. 2011-06-10. https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/oasis/.
5. ↑ Vincent Battesti, The Power of a Disappearance: Water in the Jerid region of Tunisia in B. R. Johnston et al. (eds), Water, Cultural Diversity & Global Environmental Change: Emerging Trends, Sustainable Futures?, 2012, UNESCO/Springer, p. 77-96. ISBN:978-9400717732.
6. ↑ Battesti, Vincent (May 28, 2015). "Resources and Appropriations: Back to the Jerid Oases (Tunisia) after the Revolution". Études rurales 2 (192): 153–175. doi:10.4000/etudesrurales.9954. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01154717.
7. ↑ Cutler, B.  Environmental History of the Maghreb, 1800–Present. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History. Retrieved 25 Jan. 2023, from https://oxfordre-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-983 .
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Lawton, Rebecca (2015-11-06). "Palm trees amid the sand: the origins of the oasis fantasy" (in en). https://aeon.co/essays/palm-trees-amid-the-sand-the-origins-of-the-oasis-fantasy.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Jaradat, Abdullah A.. "Biodiversity of Date Palm". https://www.eolss.net/sample-chapters/c10/E1-05A-66.pdf.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 "Oases Ecosystems". https://www.fao.org/3/az741e/az741e.pdf.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Bryce, Emma (2016-12-12). "A Drive to Save Saharan Oases As Climate Change Takes a Toll" (in en-US). https://e360.yale.edu/features/a_drive_to_save_sahran_oases_as_climate_change_takes_a_toll_cop22.
12. ↑ "Life in a Busy Oasis - Archaeology Magazine". https://www.archaeology.org/issues/340-1905/letter-from/7568-life-in-a-busy-oasis.
13. ↑ "Spring pool no.1 (Ain al Khudoud) and a water- lifting device, photographed by George Rendel, 1937". 2022-09-01. https://content.ebscohost.com/ContentServer.asp?T=P&P=AN&K=158872037&S=R&D=f6h&EbscoContent=dGJyMNHX8kSeqLI40dvuOLCmsEqep7JSs6y4S7WWxWXS&ContentCustomer=dGJyMOzpsE2xqbNRuePfgeyx43zx.
14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Hadagha, Fatma Zohra; Farhi, Bourhane Eddine; Farhi, Abdallah; Petrisor, Alexandru Ionut (2018-12-29). "Multifunctionality of the oasis ecosystem. Case study: Biskra Oasis, Algeria". Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs 2 (3): 31–39. doi:10.25034/ijcua.2018.4716. ISSN 2475-6156. https://ijcua.com/index.php/ijcua/article/view/111.
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Laudenslayer, William F. Jr.. "Palm Oasis". https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=67356.
16. ↑ "Oasis, geological feature" (in en). Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/oasis-geological-feature.
17. ↑ Chao, Chih Cheng T.; Krueger, Robert R. (2007-08-01). "The Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.): Overview of Biology, Uses, and Cultivation". HortScience 42 (5): 1077–1082. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.42.5.1077. ISSN 0018-5345. https://journals.ashs.org/view/journals/hortsci/42/5/article-p1077.xml.
18. ↑ Cherif, Hanene; Marasco, Ramona; Rolli, Eleonora; Ferjani, Raoudha; Fusi, Marco; Soussi, Asma; Mapelli, Francesca; Blilou, Ikram et al. (2015-08-01). "Oasis desert farming selects environment-specific date palm root endophytic communities and cultivable bacteria that promote resistance to drought: Oasis palm endophytes promote drought resistance" (in en). Environmental Microbiology Reports 7 (4): 668–678. doi:10.1111/1758-2229.12304. PMID 26033617. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1758-2229.12304.
19. ↑ Aziz, Ameer; Sabet, Hassan S.; Ghoubachi, Saad Y.; Abu Risha, Usama A. (2022-07-01). "The origin and recharge conditions of groundwater in Farafra Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt" (in en). Scientific African 16: e01179. doi:10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01179. Bibcode: 2022SciAf..1601179A.
20. ↑ 20.000 20.001 20.002 20.003 20.004 20.005 20.006 20.007 20.008 20.009 20.010 20.011 20.012 20.013 20.014 20.015 20.016 20.017 20.018 20.019 20.020 20.021 20.022 20.023 20.024 20.025 20.026 20.027 20.028 20.029 20.030 20.031 20.032 20.033 20.034 20.035 20.036 20.037 20.038 20.039 20.040 20.041 20.042 20.043 20.044 20.045 20.046 20.047 20.048 20.049 20.050 20.051 20.052 20.053 20.054 20.055 20.056 20.057 20.058 20.059 20.060 20.061 20.062 20.063 20.064 20.065 20.066 20.067 20.068 20.069 20.070 20.071 20.072 20.073 20.074 20.075 20.076 20.077 20.078 20.079 20.080 20.081 20.082 20.083 20.084 20.085 20.086 20.087 20.088 20.089 20.090 20.091 20.092 20.093 20.094 20.095 20.096 20.097 20.098 20.099 20.100 20.101 20.102 20.103 20.104 20.105 20.106 20.107 20.108 20.109 20.110 20.111 20.112 20.113 20.114 20.115 20.116 20.117 20.118 20.119 20.120 20.121 20.122 20.123 20.124 20.125 20.126 20.127 20.128 20.129 20.130 20.131 20.132 20.133 20.134 20.135 20.136 20.137 20.138 20.139 20.140 20.141 20.142 20.143 20.144 20.145 20.146 20.147 20.148 20.149 20.150 20.151 20.152 20.153 20.154 20.155 20.156 20.157 20.158 20.159 20.160 20.161 20.162 20.163 20.164 20.165 20.166 20.167 20.168 20.169 20.170 20.171 20.172 20.173 20.174 20.175 20.176 20.177 20.178 20.179 "Algeria Traditional Oases". http://www.laboasis.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Algeria-Traditional-Oases_Localisation_Typology.pdf.
21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Lew, Josh (2021-05-05). "9 Stunningly Picturesque Oases". https://www.treehugger.com/stunningly-picturesque-oases-4869130.
22. ↑ 22.00 22.01 22.02 22.03 22.04 22.05 22.06 22.07 22.08 22.09 22.10 "Egitto Traditional Oases". http://www.laboasis.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Egitto-Traditional-Oases_Localisation_Typology.pdf.
23. ↑ 23.00 23.01 23.02 23.03 23.04 23.05 23.06 23.07 23.08 23.09 23.10 23.11 23.12 23.13 23.14 23.15 23.16 23.17 23.18 23.19 23.20 23.21 23.22 23.23 23.24 23.25 23.26 23.27 23.28 23.29 23.30 "Libya Traditional Oases". http://www.laboasis.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Libya-Traditional-Oases_Localisation_Typology.pdf.
24. ↑ 24.00 24.01 24.02 24.03 24.04 24.05 24.06 24.07 24.08 24.09 24.10 24.11 24.12 24.13 24.14 24.15 24.16 24.17 24.18 24.19 24.20 24.21 24.22 24.23 24.24 24.25 24.26 24.27 24.28 24.29 24.30 24.31 24.32 24.33 24.34 24.35 24.36 24.37 24.38 24.39 24.40 24.41 24.42 24.43 24.44 24.45 24.46 24.47 24.48 24.49 24.50 24.51 24.52 24.53 24.54 24.55 24.56 24.57 "Mauritania Traditional Oases". http://www.laboasis.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Mauritania-Traditional-Oases_Localisation_Typology.pdf.
25. ↑ 25.000 25.001 25.002 25.003 25.004 25.005 25.006 25.007 25.008 25.009 25.010 25.011 25.012 25.013 25.014 25.015 25.016 25.017 25.018 25.019 25.020 25.021 25.022 25.023 25.024 25.025 25.026 25.027 25.028 25.029 25.030 25.031 25.032 25.033 25.034 25.035 25.036 25.037 25.038 25.039 25.040 25.041 25.042 25.043 25.044 25.045 25.046 25.047 25.048 25.049 25.050 25.051 25.052 25.053 25.054 25.055 25.056 25.057 25.058 25.059 25.060 25.061 25.062 25.063 25.064 25.065 25.066 25.067 25.068 25.069 25.070 25.071 25.072 25.073 25.074 25.075 25.076 25.077 25.078 25.079 25.080 25.081 25.082 25.083 25.084 25.085 25.086 25.087 25.088 25.089 25.090 25.091 25.092 25.093 25.094 25.095 25.096 25.097 25.098 25.099 25.100 25.101 25.102 25.103 25.104 25.105 25.106 25.107 25.108 25.109 25.110 25.111 25.112 25.113 25.114 25.115 25.116 25.117 25.118 25.119 25.120 25.121 25.122 25.123 25.124 25.125 25.126 25.127 25.128 25.129 25.130 25.131 25.132 25.133 25.134 25.135 25.136 25.137 25.138 25.139 25.140 25.141 25.142 25.143 25.144 25.145 25.146 25.147 25.148 25.149 25.150 25.151 25.152 25.153 25.154 25.155 25.156 25.157 25.158 25.159 25.160 25.161 25.162 25.163 25.164 25.165 "Morocco Traditional Oases". http://www.laboasis.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Morocco-Traditional-Oases_Localisation_Typology.pdf.
26. ↑ Wallace, Eric J. (2019-04-01). "The Moroccan Food Forest That Inspired an Agricultural Revolution - Gastro Obscura". https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/what-is-permaculture-food-forests.amp.
27. ↑ 27.00 27.01 27.02 27.03 27.04 27.05 27.06 27.07 27.08 27.09 27.10 27.11 27.12 27.13 27.14 27.15 27.16 27.17 27.18 27.19 27.20 27.21 27.22 27.23 27.24 27.25 27.26 27.27 "Niger Traditional Oases". http://www.laboasis.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Niger-Traditional-Oases_Localisation_Typology.pdf.
28. ↑ 28.000 28.001 28.002 28.003 28.004 28.005 28.006 28.007 28.008 28.009 28.010 28.011 28.012 28.013 28.014 28.015 28.016 28.017 28.018 28.019 28.020 28.021 28.022 28.023 28.024 28.025 28.026 28.027 28.028 28.029 28.030 28.031 28.032 28.033 28.034 28.035 28.036 28.037 28.038 28.039 28.040 28.041 28.042 28.043 28.044 28.045 28.046 28.047 28.048 28.049 28.050 28.051 28.052 28.053 28.054 28.055 28.056 28.057 28.058 28.059 28.060 28.061 28.062 28.063 28.064 28.065 28.066 28.067 28.068 28.069 28.070 28.071 28.072 28.073 28.074 28.075 28.076 28.077 28.078 28.079 28.080 28.081 28.082 28.083 28.084 28.085 28.086 28.087 28.088 28.089 28.090 28.091 28.092 28.093 28.094 28.095 28.096 28.097 28.098 28.099 28.100 28.101 28.102 28.103 28.104 28.105 28.106 28.107 28.108 28.109 28.110 28.111 28.112 28.113 28.114 28.115 28.116 28.117 28.118 28.119 28.120 28.121 28.122 28.123 28.124 28.125 28.126 28.127 28.128 28.129 28.130 28.131 28.132 28.133 28.134 28.135 28.136 28.137 28.138 28.139 28.140 28.141 28.142 28.143 28.144 28.145 28.146 28.147 28.148 28.149 28.150 28.151 28.152 28.153 28.154 28.155 28.156 28.157 28.158 28.159 28.160 28.161 28.162 28.163 28.164 28.165 28.166 28.167 "Oman Traditional Oases". http://www.laboasis.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Oman-Traditional-Oases_Localisation_Typology.pdf.
29. ↑ 29.00 29.01 29.02 29.03 29.04 29.05 29.06 29.07 29.08 29.09 29.10 29.11 29.12 29.13 29.14 29.15 29.16 29.17 29.18 29.19 29.20 "Saudi Arabia Traditional Oases". http://www.laboasis.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Saudi-Arabia-Traditional-Oases_Localisation_Typology.pdf.
30. ↑ 30.00 30.01 30.02 30.03 30.04 30.05 30.06 30.07 30.08 30.09 30.10 30.11 30.12 30.13 30.14 30.15 30.16 30.17 30.18 30.19 30.20 30.21 30.22 30.23 30.24 30.25 30.26 30.27 30.28 30.29 30.30 30.31 30.32 30.33 30.34 30.35 30.36 "Tunisia Traditional Oases". http://www.laboasis.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Tunisia-Traditional-Oases_Localisation_Typology.pdf.
31. ↑ Joseph Bingham, Origines sive Antiquitates ecclesiasticae (sumtibus Orphanotrophei, 1727) p 529.
32. ↑ Baker Brite, Elizabeth (2016-12-01). "Irrigation in the Khorezm oasis, past and present: a political ecology perspective". Journal of Political Ecology 23 (1). doi:10.2458/v23i1.20177. ISSN 1073-0451. http://journals.librarypublishing.arizona.edu/jpe/article/id/1948/.
33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 "UAE Traditional Oases". http://www.laboasis.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/UAE-Traditional-Oases_Localisation_Typology.pdf.
34. ↑ 34.00 34.01 34.02 34.03 34.04 34.05 34.06 34.07 34.08 34.09 34.10 34.11 34.12 34.13 34.14 34.15 34.16 34.17 34.18 34.19 34.20 34.21 34.22 34.23 34.24 34.25 34.26 34.27 34.28 34.29 34.30 34.31 34.32 34.33 34.34 34.35 34.36 34.37 34.38 34.39 34.40 34.41 34.42 34.43 34.44 34.45 34.46 34.47 34.48 34.49 34.50 34.51 34.52 34.53 34.54 34.55 34.56 34.57 34.58 34.59 34.60 34.61 34.62 34.63 34.64 34.65 34.66 34.67 34.68 34.69 34.70 34.71 34.72 "Yemen Traditional Oases". http://www.laboasis.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Yemen-Traditional-Oases_Localisation_Typology.pdf.
35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Nabhan, Gary Paul (2002). The desert smells like rain : a naturalist in O'Odham country (1st University of Arizona pbk ed.). Tucson: University of Arizona Press. ISBN 0-8165-2249-9. OCLC 49028733. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/49028733.
36. ↑ "NatGeo Education: Oasis". https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/oasis.
37. ↑ "Zzyzx History". 2022-05-30. https://www.nps.gov/moja/learn/historyculture/zzyzx.htm.
38. ↑ willbibby (2012-08-27). "Trouble in Paradise? The untold story of the oasis biodiversity crisis" (in en). https://freshwaterblog.net/2012/08/27/trouble-in-paradise-the-untold-story-of-the-oasis-biodiversity-crisis/.
39. ↑ "Oasis Spring Ecological Reserve". https://wildlife.ca.gov/Lands/Places-to-Visit/Oasis-Spring-ER.
40. ↑ Brown, John S. [from old catalog] (1920). Routes to desert watering places in the Salton Sea region. California. https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/011211867.

## Bibliography

* Battesti, Vincent (2005). Jardins au désert, Évolution des pratiques et savoirs oasiens, Jérid tunisien. Paris: IRD Éditions. pp. 440. ISBN 9782709915649. http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00004609.

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