Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in Missouri

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Select a state below to learn more about ballot access requirements for candidates in that state.

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## Contents

* 1 Year-specific filing information
* 1.1 2024
* 1.1.1 Presidential primary candidates
* 1.1.2 Independent presidential candidates
* 2 Qualifications
* 3 Party nomination processes
* 4 General election requirements
* 4.1 Political parties
* 4.2 Independent candidates
* 4.3 Running for multiple offices
* 4.4 Sore loser laws
* 5 Write-in requirements
* 6 Historical information
* 7 Campaign finance requirements
* 8 Contact information
* 8.1 Election agencies
* 9 Explore election legislation with Ballotpedia
* 10 See also
* 11 External links
* 12 Footnotes

In order to get on the ballot in Missouri, a candidate for president of the United States must meet a variety of state-specific filing requirements and deadlines. These regulations, known as ballot access laws, determine whether a candidate or party will appear on an election ballot. These laws are set at the state level. A presidential candidate must prepare to meet ballot access requirements in advance of primaries, caucuses, and the general election.

There are three basic methods by which an individual may become a candidate for president of the United States.

1. An individual can seek the nomination of a political party. Presidential nominees are selected by delegates at national nominating conventions. Individual states conduct caucuses or primary elections to determine which delegates will be sent to the national convention.[1]
2. An individual can run as an independent. Independent presidential candidates typically must petition in each state in order to have their names printed on the general election ballot.[1]
3. An individual can run as a write-in candidate.[1]

The information on this page applies only to presidential candidates. For additional information about ballot access requirements for state and congressional candidates, see this page.

HIGHLIGHTS

* Missouri state law does not provide for a primary election. Major party candidates are selected by parties at caucuses. An independent candidate must petition for placement on the general election ballot. At least 10,000 registered state voters must sign the petition. A write-in candidate must file a declaration of intent in order to have his or her votes tallied.

See state election laws

## Year-specific filing information[edit]

See also: Important dates in the 2024 presidential race

### 2024[edit]

The tables below detail filing requirements for presidential candidates in Missouri in the 2024 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in Missouri, click here.

#### Presidential primary candidates[edit]

Major party candidates are selected at party-run caucuses. The filing requirements listed here reflect those issued by the state party.

Filing requirements for presidential primary candidates in Missouri, 2024

State  | Party  | Signatures required  | Signature formula  | Filing fee  | Filing fee formula  | Filing deadline  | Source
Missouri | Democratic | N/A | N/A | $2,500 | Fixed | 1/22/2024 | Source, Source
Missouri | Republican | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Source, Source

#### Independent presidential candidates[edit]

Filing requirements for independent candidates in Missouri, 2024

State  | Signatures required  | Signature formula  | Filing fee  | Filing fee formula  | Filing deadline  | Source
Missouri | 10,000 | Fixed by statute | N/A | N/A | 7/29/2024 | Source

For filing information from previous years, click "[Show more]" below.

Show more

### 2020[edit]

The tables below detail filing requirements for presidential candidates in Missouri in the 2020 election cycle. For additional information on candidate ballot access requirements in Missouri, click here.

#### Presidential primary candidates[edit]

Filing requirements for presidential primary candidates in Missouri, 2020[2]

State  | Party  | Signatures required  | Signature formula  | Filing fee  | Filing fee formula  | Filing deadline  | Source
Missouri | Qualified political parties | 5,000 | Fixed by statute | $1,000.00 | Fixed by statute | 12/24/2019 | Source

#### Independent presidential candidates[edit]

Filing requirements for independent candidates in Missouri, 2020

State  | Signatures required  | Signature formula  | Filing fee  | Filing fee formula  | Filing deadline  | Source
Missouri | 10,000 | Fixed by statute | N/A | N/A | 7/27/2020 | Source

### 2016[edit]

The calendar below lists important filing deadlines in Missouri for the 2016 presidential election. For information about campaign finance reporting deadlines, see below.

Legend: Ballot access Election date

Dates and requirements for presidential candidates in 2016

Deadline  | Event type  | Event description
December 1, 2015 | Ballot access | Filing period opens for the presidential preference primary
December 29, 2015 | Ballot access | Filing period closes for the presidential preference primary
March 15, 2016  | Election date | Presidential preference primary
July 19, 2016 | Ballot access | Filing period opens for the general election
August 23, 2016 | Ballot access | Filing period closes for the general election
November 8, 2016  | Election date | General election
Source: Missouri Secretary of State, "2016 Missouri Election Calendar," accessed August 26, 2015

## Qualifications[edit]

Article 2, Section 1, of the United States Constitution sets the following qualifications for the presidency:[3]

“  | No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United States.[4] | ”

|
|

—United States Constitution

Article 2, Section 4, of the United States Constitution says an individual can be disqualified from the presidency if impeached and convicted:

“  | The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.[4] | ”

|
|

—United States Constitution

The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution says an individual can also be disqualified from the presidency under the following conditions:

“  | No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.[4] | ”

|
|

—United States Constitution

## Party nomination processes[edit]

See also: Primary election and Caucus
Hover over the terms below to display definitions.

Ballot access laws
Primary election
Caucus
Delegate

A political party formally nominates its presidential candidate at a national nominating convention. At this convention, state delegates select the party's nominee. Prior to the nominating convention, the states conduct presidential preference primaries or caucuses. Generally speaking, only state-recognized parties — such as the Democratic Party and the Republican Party — conduct primaries and caucuses. These elections measure voter preference for the various candidates and help determine which delegates will be sent to the national nominating convention.[1][5][6]

The Democratic National Committee and the Republican National Committee, the governing bodies of the nation's two major parties, establish their own guidelines for the presidential nomination process. State-level affiliates of the parties also have some say in determining rules and provisions in their own states. Individuals interested in learning more about the nomination process should contact the political parties themselves for full details.

In Missouri, established political parties hold caucuses to determine their presidential nominees.[7]

## General election requirements[edit]

The president is elected by the Electoral College, which comprises 538 electors from all 50 states, as well as Washington, D.C.

The president of the United States is elected not by popular vote, but by the Electoral College. The Electoral College comprises a total of 538 electors. Each state is allocated a number of electors equal to the size of its congressional delegation. The Office of the Federal Register administers the Electoral College process:[8][9]

“  | On Election Day, the voters in each State choose the Electors by casting votes for the presidential candidate of their choice. The Electors’ names may or may not appear on the ballot below the name of the candidates running for President, depending on the procedure in each State. The winning candidate in each State—except in Nebraska and Maine, which have proportional distribution of the Electors—is awarded all of the State’s Electors.[4] | ”

|
|

—The Office of the Federal Register

Typically, electors are selected by state parties. Federal law does not require electors to vote "according to the results of the popular vote in their states." Some states and political parties have enacted policies requiring their electors to vote in accordance with the popular vote. According to the Office of the Federal Register, "throughout our history as a nation, more than 99 percent of electors have voted as pledged."[8][9]

Missouri was allocated ten electoral votes in the 2024 presidential election, the same amount it was allocated in the 2012, 2016, and 2020 presidential contests.[10]

### Political parties[edit]

The state committee of an established political party must certify to the secretary of state the names of its candidates for president and vice president. This certification must be filed no later than the 12th Tuesday preceding the general election, or within seven working days of the party selecting its nominees, whichever is later.[11]

### Independent candidates[edit]

An independent presidential candidate must petition for placement on the general election ballot. The petition must name candidates for vice president and presidential electors, as well. At least 10,000 registered state voters must sign the petition, which must be submitted to the secretary of state by 5:00 p.m. on the 15th Monday immediately preceding the general election.[12][13]

### Running for multiple offices[edit]

Some states prohibit candidates for the presidency from seeking other offices simultaneously. In Missouri, “No person shall file for one office and, without withdrawing, file for another office to be filled at the same election.”[14]

### Sore loser laws[edit]

See also: Sore loser laws for presidential candidates

Some states bar candidates who sought, but failed, to secure the nomination of a political party from running as independents in the general election. These restrictions are sometimes called sore loser laws. Under Missouri state law, "no person who files as a party candidate for nomination or election to an office shall, without withdrawing, file as another party's candidate or an independent candidate for nomination or election to the office for the same term."[15][16][17]

Richard Winger, publisher of Ballot Access News, has argued that, generally speaking, "sore loser laws have been construed not to apply to presidential primaries." His analysis of state sore loser laws and their applicability in presidential elections can be accessed here.[18]

## Write-in requirements[edit]

A write-in candidate for the presidency must file a declaration of intent with the secretary of state in order to have his or her votes tallied. This form must be submitted by 5:00 p.m. on the second Friday preceding the general election.[19]

## Historical information[edit]

See also: Historical signature requirements for independent and minor party presidential candidates

According to Richard Winger, publisher of Ballot Access News, between 1892 and 2012 there were 401 instances in which a state required an independent or unqualified party candidate to collect more than 5,000 signatures in order to appear on the general election ballot. In Missouri, there were 15 such instances during this period. See the table below for further details. The first column lists the state, the second lists the year, and the third lists the signature requirement. Columns four through nine list candidates and/or parties that met the requirement.[18]

Filing requirements for independent and minor party candidates, 1894-2012 State | Year | Requirement | Successful parties or candidates

|
|
|

Missouri | 1956 | 18,710 | \-- | \-- | \-- | \-- | \-- | \--
Missouri | 1960 | 18,084 | \-- | \-- | \-- | \-- | \-- | \--
Missouri | 1964 | 18,874 | \-- | \-- | \-- | \-- | \-- | \--
Missouri | 1968 | 17,896 | American | \-- | \-- | \-- | \-- | \--
Missouri | 1972 | 17,518 | \-- | \-- | \-- | \-- | \-- | \--
Missouri | 1976 | 18,657 | McCarthy | \-- | \-- | \-- | \-- | \--
Missouri | 1980 | 19,336 | Libertarian | Anderson | Socialist Workers | \-- | \-- | \--
Missouri | 1984 | 20,881 | \-- | \-- | \-- | \-- | \-- | \--
Missouri | 1988 | 21,083 | New Alliance | \-- | \-- | \-- | \-- | \--
Missouri | 1992 | 20,860 | Libertarian | R. Perot | \-- | \-- | \-- | \--
Missouri | 1996 | 10,000 | Reform | Natural Law | Constitution | \-- | \-- | \--
Missouri | 2000 | 10,000 | Green | Natural Law | Constitution | \-- | \-- | \--
Missouri | 2004 | 10,000 | Constitution | \-- | \-- | \-- | \-- | \--
Missouri | 2008 | 10,000 | R. Nader | Constitution | \-- | \-- | \-- | \--
Missouri | 2012 | 10,000 | \-- | \-- | \-- | \-- | \-- | \--

## Campaign finance requirements[edit]

See also: Campaign finance requirements in Missouri

The Federal Election Commission (FEC) is the only agency authorized to regulate the financing of presidential and other federal campaigns (i.e., campaigns for the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives). The states cannot impose additional requirements on federal candidates. Federal law requires all presidential candidates to file a statement of candidacy within 15 days of receiving contributions or making expenditures that exceed $5,000. The statement of candidacy is the only federally mandated ballot access requirement for presidential candidates; all other ballot access procedures are mandated at the state level. The candidacy statement authorizes "a principal campaign committee to raise and spend funds" on behalf of the candidate. Within 10 days of filing the candidacy statement, the committee must file a statement of organization with the FEC. In addition, federal law establishes contribution limits for presidential candidates. These limits are detailed in the table below. The uppermost row indicates the recipient type; the leftmost column indicates the donor type.[20][21]

Federal contribution limits, 2023-2024 | Candidate committees | Political action committees | State and district party committees | National party committees | Additional national party committee accounts

|
|
|
|
|

Individual | $3,300 per election | $5,000 per year | $10,000 per year (combined) | $41,300 per year | $123,900 per account, per year
Candidate committee | $2,000 per election | $5,000 per year | Unlimited transfers | Unlimited transfers | N/A
Multicandidate political action committee | $5,000 per election | $5,000 per year | $5,000 per year (combined) | $15,000 per year | $45,000 per account, per year
Other political action committee | $3,300 per election | $5,000 per year | $10,000 per year (combined) | $41,300 per year | $123,900 per account, per year
State and district party committee | $5,000 per election | $5,000 per year | Unlimited transfers | Unlimited transfers | N/A
National party committee | $5,000 per election | $5,000 per year | Unlimited transfers | Unlimited transfers | N/A
Note: Contribution limits apply separately to primary and general elections. For example, an individual could contribute $3,300 to a candidate committee for the primary and another $3,300 to the same candidate committee for the general election.
Source: Federal Election Commission, "Contribution limits," accessed May 8, 2023

Presidential candidate committees are required to file regular campaign finance reports disclosing "all of their receipts and disbursements" either quarterly or monthly. Committees may choose which filing schedule to follow, but they must notify the FEC in writing and "may change their filing frequency no more than once per calendar year."[22]

For contribution limits from previous years, click "[Show more]" below.

Show more

Federal contribution limits, 2019-2020

| Candidate committees | Political action committees | State and district party committees | National party committees | Additional national party committee accounts
Individual | $2,800 per election | $5,000 per year | $10,000 per year (combined) | $33,500 per year | $106,500 per account, per year
Candidate committee | $2,000 per election | $5,000 per year | Unlimited transfers | Unlimited transfers | N/A
Multicandidate political action committee | $5,000 per election | $5,000 per year | $5,000 per year (combined) | $15,000 per year | $45,000 per account, per year
Other political action committee | $2,800 per election | $5,000 per year | $10,000 per year (combined) | $35,500 per year | $106,500 per account, per year
State and district party committee | $5,000 per election | $5,000 per year | Unlimited transfers | Unlimited transfers | N/A
National party committee | $5,000 per election | $5,000 per year | Unlimited transfers | Unlimited transfers | N/A
Note: Contribution limits apply separately to primary and general elections. For example, an individual could contribute $2,800 to a candidate committee for the primary and another $2,800 to the same candidate committee for the general election.
Source: Federal Election Commission, "Contribution limits," accessed August 8, 2019
Federal contribution limits, 2015-2016

| Candidate committees | Political action committees | State and district party committees | National party committees | Additional national party committee accounts
Individual | $2,700 per election | $5,000 per year | $10,000 per year (combined) | $33,400 per year | $100,200 per account, per year
Candidate committee | $2,000 per election | $5,000 per year | Unlimited transfers | Unlimited transfers | N/A
Multicandidate political action committee | $5,000 per election | $5,000 per year | $5,000 per year (combined) | $15,000 per year | $45,000 per account, per year
Other political action committee | $2,700 per election | $5,000 per year | $10,000 per year (combined) | $33,400 per year | $100,200 per account, per year
State and district party committee | $5,000 per election | $5,000 per year | Unlimited transfers | Unlimited transfers | N/A
National party committee | $5,000 per election | $5,000 per year | Unlimited transfers | Unlimited transfers | N/A
Note: Contribution limits apply separately to primary and general elections. For example, an individual could contribute $2,700 to a candidate committee for the primary and another $2,700 to the same candidate committee for the general election.
Source: Federal Election Commission, "The FEC and Federal Campaign Finance Law," updated January 2015

## Contact information[edit]

### Election agencies[edit]

Seal of the U.S. Election Assistance Commission

See also: State election agencies

Individuals seeking additional information about election administration in Missouri can contact the following local, state, and federal agencies.

Missouri Election Authority

Click here for a list

Secretary of State, Elections Division

Physical Address: 600 West Main Street
Jefferson City, Missouri 65101

Mailing Address: James C. Kirkpatrick State Information Center
PO Box 1767
Jefferson City, MO 65102-1767
Phone: 573-751-2301

Toll free: 800-669-8683
Fax: 573-526-3242
Email: elections@sos.mo.gov

Website: https://www.sos.mo.gov

Missouri Ethics Commission

Physical Address: 3411A Knipp Drive, Suite A
Jefferson City, Missouri 65109
Mailing Address: P.O. Box 1370
Jefferson City, Missouri 65102
Phone: 573-751-2020
Toll free: 800-392-8660
Fax: 573-526-4506
Email: helpdesk@mec.mo.gov
Website: http://www.mec.mo.gov/

U.S. Election Assistance Commission

633 3rd Street NW, Suite 200
Washington, DC 20001
Phone: 301-563-3919
Toll free: 1-866-747-1471
Email: clearinghouse@eac.gov
Website: https://www.eac.gov

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## See also[edit]

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## External links[edit]

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## Footnotes[edit]

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Vote Smart, "Government 101: United States Presidential Primary," accessed May 17, 2023 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; name "votesmart" defined multiple times with different content
2. ↑ Petition signatures are only required in lieu of filing fee.
3. ↑ The Constitution of the United States of America, "Article 2, Section 1," accessed August 3, 2015
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
5. ↑ The Washington Post, "Everything you need to know about how the presidential primary works," May 12, 2015
6. ↑ FactCheck.org, "Caucus vs. Primary," February 3, 2020
7. ↑ Missouri Revised Statutes, "Section 115.776," accessed May 17, 2023
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Archives.gov, "What is the Electoral College?" accessed August 25, 2015
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Archives.gov, "Who are the Electors?" accessed August 25, 2015
10. ↑ Archives.gov, "Distribution of Electoral Votes," accessed May 17, 2023
11. ↑ Missouri Revised Statutes, "Section 115.399.1," accessed May 17, 2023
12. ↑ Missouri Revised Statutes, "Section 115.321.1," accessed May 17, 2023
13. ↑ Missouri Revised Statutes, "Section 115.329.1," accessed May 17, 2023
14. ↑ Missouri General Assembly, “115.351,” accessed May 17, 2023
15. ↑ SSRN, "Sore Loser Laws and Democratic Contestation," accessed May 9, 2023
16. ↑ Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, "“If You Ain’t First, You’re Last”: How State “Sore-Loser” Laws Make It Impossible For Trump To Run A Successful Third-Party Campaign If He Loses The Republican Primary," accessed May 9, 2023
17. ↑ Missouri General Assembly, “115.351,” accessed May 17, 2023
18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 This information comes from research conducted by Richard Winger, publisher and editor of Ballot Access News.
19. ↑ Missouri Revised Statutes, "Section 115.453.1," accessed May 17, 2023
20. ↑ Federal Election Commission, "The FEC and Federal Campaign Finance Law," updated January 2015
21. ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Quick Answers to Candidate Questions," accessed August 13, 2015
22. ↑ Federal Election Commission, "2016 Reporting Dates," accessed June 17, 2022

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Communications: Alison Graves, Director of Communications • Carley Allensworth • Abigail Campbell • Frank Festa • Sarah Groat • Nathaniel Harwood • Dillon Redmond
External Relations:  Geoff Pallay, Director of External Relations • Ken Carbullido, Vice President of Election Product and Technology Strategy • Ashley Fleming • Thomas Mardik • Hannah Nelson
Operations: Meghann Olshefski, Director of Operations • Amanda Herbert • Mandy Morris • Caroline Presnell • Kelly Rindfleisch
Tech: Matt Latourelle, Director of Technology Operations • Ryan Burch • Kirsten Corrao • Beth Dellea • Travis Eden • Tate Kamish • Margaret Kearney • Eric Lotto • Joseph Sanchez • Mary Susmitha

Contributors: Scott Rasmussen

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Editorial Content

Josh Altic, Director of Content • Daniel Anderson, Associate Director of Elections & Data • Cory Eucalitto, Associate Director of Features • Ryan Byrne, Managing Editor of Ballot Measures • Mandy McConnell, Managing Editor of News • Doug Kronaizl, Managing Editor of Local Expansion • Abbey Smith, Managing Editor of Elections • Janie Valentine, Managing Editor of Law • Joel Williams, Managing Editor of Events • Andrew Bahl • Jaclyn Beran • Marielle Bricker • Joseph Brusgard • Emma Burlingame • Kelly Coyle • Jon Dunn • Victoria Edwards • Thomas Ellis • Nicole Fisher • Joseph Greaney • Thomas Grobben • Brianna Hosea • Molly Kehoe • Tyler King • Glorie Martinez • Norm Leahy, Senior Editor • Nathan Maxwell • Jimmy McAllister • Brandon McCauley • Ellie Mikus • Ellen Morrissey • Mackenzie Murphy • Kaley Platek • Samantha Post • Adam Powell • Annelise Reinwald • Spencer Richardson • Victoria Rose • Briana Ryan • Myj Saintyl • Maddy Salucka • Emma Soukup • Alexis Thacker • Mina Vogel • Samuel Wonacott • Trenton Woodcox