Answers Research Journal volume 6

The 2013 cover.

The divine comedy
Creationism

Running gags

* Biblical literalism
* Young/Old Earth
* Intelligent design
* Creation scientists

Jokes aside

* Petrified forest
* Atmosphere of the Moon
* Geologic timeline
* History of the Earth

Blooper reel

* Genesis Park
* Human exceptionalism
* The Origin of Human Nature: A Zen Buddhist Looks at Evolution
* Richard Lenski

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Volume 6 of the Answers Research Journal ran through 2013.

## Contents

* 1 Volume 6 articles
* 1.1 Is There a Dominion Mandate?
* 1.2 An Initial Estimate Toward Identifying and Numbering Amphibian Kinds within the Orders Caudata and Gymnophiona
* 1.3 A Further Examination of the Gospel in the Stars
* 1.4 Comprehensive Analysis of Chimpanzee and Human Chromosomes Reveals Average DNA Similarity of 70%
* 1.5 German and American Eugenics in the Pre-World War 1 Era
* 1.6 Evangelical Commentaries on the Days of Creation in Genesis One
* 1.7 Did Death of any Kind Exist Before the Fall?
* 1.8 A Response to Peter Enns’s Attack on Biblical Creationism
* 1.9 Is There a Dominion Mandate: A Response to Darek Isaccs
* 1.10 Is There a Dominion Mandate? Discussion: In Defense of Human Dominion
* 1.11 Is There a Dominion Mandate? Discussion: The Dominion Mandate: Yesterday, Today, and Forever
* 1.12 Is There a Dominion Mandate? Reply: A Response to Hennigan, Kulikovsky, and McDurmon
* 1.13 An Analysis of the Dodwell Hypothesis
* 1.14 Bibliography of Creationist Astronomy
* 1.15 The Importance of an Historical Adam
* 1.16 Astronomical Distance Determination Methods and the Light Travel Time Problem
* 1.17 Stone Tools From the Early Tertiary in Europe—A Contradiction to any Evolutionary Theory About the Origin of Man and to Long Geological Periods of Time
* 1.18 The Dwarfs are for the Dwarfs: Stanley Fish, The Pragmatic Presuppositionalist
* 1.19 A Proposal for a New Solution to the Light Travel Time Problem
* 1.20 Does Natural Selection Exist? A Critique of Randy Guliuzza’s Claims
* 1.21 The Human Beta-Globin Pseudogene Is Non-Variable and Functional
* 1.22 An Evaluation of Plasma Astronomy
* 1.23 Chimeras, Cybrids, and Hybrids: A Christian’s Observations and Critique of Some Aspects of the Controversy Involving the Mixing of Human and Animal Materials for Scientific Research
* 1.24 An Initial Estimate toward Identifying and Numbering the Frog Kinds on the Ark: Order Anura
* 1.25 Alleged Human Chromosome 2 “Fusion Site” Encodes an Active DNA Binding Domain Inside a Complex and Highly Expressed Gene—Negating Fusion
* 1.26 Jesus, Scripture and Error: An Implication of Theistic Evolution
* 1.27 Thoughts on the Goodness of Creation: In What Sense was Creation “Perfect”?
* 1.28 The Second Law of Thermodynamics and the Curse
* 1.29 An Initial Estimate of Avian Ark Kinds
* 1.30 Recent, Functionally Diverse Origin for Mitochondrial Genes from ~2700 Metazoan Species
* 2 See also
* 3 External links
* 4 References

## Volume 6 articles[edit]

#### Is There a Dominion Mandate?[edit]

Darek Isaacs, January 9, 2013

Some straight-up theology: Isaacs presents a case that humans do not in fact have dominion over the earth, citing Hurricane Sandy (can't control that one) and the dangers of non-domesticated animals, ever since The Fall. (By the way, did you know the dominion mandate has been used as proof that aliens don't exist and couldn't visit Earth?)

#### An Initial Estimate Toward Identifying and Numbering Amphibian Kinds within the Orders Caudata and Gymnophiona[edit]

Tom Hennigan, January 9, 2013

A continuation of the effort to enumerate kinds by making it up. Sometimes kinds are equated with families and sometimes not. Uses the latest from real biology to inform baraminology.

#### A Further Examination of the Gospel in the Stars[edit]

Danny Faulkner, February 6, 2013

How the stars and constellations got their names baffles some young-earth creationists even though it is well known to have nothing to do with ancient Judaism. Faulkner is opposed to the "gospel in the stars" theory. This piece extensively discredits a model by Frances Rolleston that Adam named the stars and constellations.

#### Comprehensive Analysis of Chimpanzee and Human Chromosomes Reveals Average DNA Similarity of 70%[edit]

Jeffrey P. Tomkins, February 20, 2013

Tomkins continues his obsession with the percentage of similarity between chimps and humans, in the long-running creationist quest to discredit claims of 98%+ similarity between human and chimp (and bonobo) DNA and show that humans are a different "kind."

#### German and American Eugenics in the Pre-World War 1 Era[edit]

Danae M. McGregor, March 6, 2013

Lead picture of Charles Darwin, of course, even though he's mentioned only in passing. The word "Creation" does not appear once in this article, nor are the ideas in it original.

#### Evangelical Commentaries on the Days of Creation in Genesis One[edit]

Simon Turpin, March 20, 2013

A "day" in Genesis is so 24 hours, despite all these morally defective heretics (acknowledged here as a "vast majority") who dare make concessions to uniformitarian geology.

#### Did Death of any Kind Exist Before the Fall?[edit]

Simon Turpin, April 3, 2013

Turpin argues that no death, human or animal (plants are handwaved away as not dying in the same way), occurred prior to the Fall. He excuses the obvious dietary issues for obligate carnivores by reading Genesis 1:29-30 as not merely permissive but restrictive, thereby claiming that God ordained a vegetarian diet even for now-carnivorous animals. While employing this shiny plastic shoehorn, he also goes out of his way to commend very liberal application of excommunications. Lovely.

#### A Response to Peter Enns’s Attack on Biblical Creationism[edit]

Lee Anderson, Jr., April 17, 2013

#### Is There a Dominion Mandate: A Response to Darek Isaccs[edit]

Thomas Hennigan, May 1, 2013

The dominion discussion that started in January continues with wildlife ecologist Thomas Hennigan discussing points of disagreement with Darek Isaacs and expressing an opinion that references concerns about the environment and animals' rights. Hennigan believes that Isaacs' definition of "dominion," e.g. that humans were directed to dominate the world and that all animals were to bow to man, is not consistent with man being an "image bearer" for Christ. Though he doesn't state it explicitly, Hennigan seems concerned that understandings of the nature Isaacs advances encourage a reckless disregard for the health of the planet and spends considerable time discussing caring for and protecting animals in his work. He goes so far as to acknowledge that mankind is the probable reason many animal species have gone extinct. He makes a theological case that man has a responsibility to steward God's creation as rulers with a "finite" or "limited" dominion. At base, the discussion is over the implications of various definitions of the Hebrew word וְיִרְדּוּ, with some evangelicals taking an anthropocentric view and translating it as "dominion," and Catholics and other evangelicals believing that the better translation is :stewardship: in a "Christ-centric" view.

#### Is There a Dominion Mandate? Discussion: In Defense of Human Dominion[edit]

Andrew S. Kulikovsky, May 1, 2013

#### Is There a Dominion Mandate? Discussion: The Dominion Mandate: Yesterday, Today, and Forever[edit]

Joel McDumon, May 1, 2013

#### Is There a Dominion Mandate? Reply: A Response to Hennigan, Kulikovsky, and McDurmon[edit]

Darek Isaacs, May 1, 2013

#### An Analysis of the Dodwell Hypothesis[edit]

Danny R. Faulkner, May 15, 2013

#### Bibliography of Creationist Astronomy[edit]

Danny R. Faulkner, May 22, 2013

ARJ puts a bibliography of creationist astronomy articles in its website.

#### The Importance of an Historical Adam[edit]

Simon Turpin, May 29, 2013

A dig at those backsliders, including the BioLogos Foundation, who consider Adam as possibly being in any way allegorical.

#### Astronomical Distance Determination Methods and the Light Travel Time Problem[edit]

Danny R. Faulkner, June 12, 2013

Danny admits that the astronomers are measuring distances correctly and hence YEC is problematic. But, "we have a number of solutions already in the creation literature, but further proposals are welcome." Yep, try to backfill, Danny.[1]

#### Stone Tools From the Early Tertiary in Europe—A Contradiction to any Evolutionary Theory About the Origin of Man and to Long Geological Periods of Time[edit]

Michael Brandt, June 26, 2013

#### The Dwarfs are for the Dwarfs: Stanley Fish, The Pragmatic Presuppositionalist[edit]

Mark L. Ward, Jr., July 10, 2013

Apparently, social constructionism literally means that anything you want to be true is true, and anything you want to be false is false.

#### A Proposal for a New Solution to the Light Travel Time Problem[edit]

Danny R. Faulkner, July 24, 2013

You would think the creationists would give the speed of light problem a rest after such terrible proposals as c-decay and the anisotropic synchrony convention. But, no, Faulker comes up with another that is just as terrible. The solution:

“”As I have previously argued (Faulkner 1999), I submit that God’s work of making the astronomical bodies on Day Four involved an act not of creating them ex nihilo, but rather of forming them from previously-created material, namely, material created on Day One. As a part of God’s formative work, light from the astronomical bodies was miraculously made to “shoot” its way to the earth at an abnormally accelerated rate in order to fulfill their function of serving to indicate signs, seasons, days, and years. I emphasize that my proposal differs from cdk [c-decay] in that no physical mechanism is invoked, it is likely space itself that has rapidly moved, and that the speed of light since Creation Week has been what is today.

Yes, God's perfect creation screwed up again to backfill for literal Genesis. Right.

#### Does Natural Selection Exist? A Critique of Randy Guliuzza’s Claims[edit]

Nathaniel T. Jeanson, August 7, 2013

An apparent academic fight between creation scientists at ICR. Jeanson refutes Guliuzza's claims that natural selection doesn't occur, as other creationists have done on the past.

#### The Human Beta-Globin Pseudogene Is Non-Variable and Functional[edit]

Jeffrey P. Tomkins, August 21, 2013

#### An Evaluation of Plasma Astronomy[edit]

Danny R. Faulkner, September 4, 2013

#### Chimeras, Cybrids, and Hybrids: A Christian’s Observations and Critique of Some Aspects of the Controversy Involving the Mixing of Human and Animal Materials for Scientific Research[edit]

Callie Joubert, September 18, 2013

#### An Initial Estimate toward Identifying and Numbering the Frog Kinds on the Ark: Order Anura[edit]

Tom Hennigan, October 2, 2013

Another list of animals which the creationist arbitrarily ascribes to kinds.

#### Alleged Human Chromosome 2 “Fusion Site” Encodes an Active DNA Binding Domain Inside a Complex and Highly Expressed Gene—Negating Fusion[edit]

Jeffrey P. Tomkins, October 16, 2013

#### Jesus, Scripture and Error: An Implication of Theistic Evolution[edit]

Simon Turpin, October 30, 2013

Jesussaysso; therefore, not theistic evolution.

#### Thoughts on the Goodness of Creation: In What Sense was Creation “Perfect”?[edit]

Lee Anderson, November 13, 2013

#### The Second Law of Thermodynamics and the Curse[edit]

Danny Faulkner, November 13, 2013

Two articles on the Second Law of Thermodynamics, both of which say that there is no problem with it, except that it didn't function right for a while. Ad hocery at its finest!

#### An Initial Estimate of Avian Ark Kinds[edit]

Jean K. Lightner, November 27, 2013

Another baraminology paper, this time on birds. This time, Lightner arbitrarily places the kind at the family or order level. Even Lightner says, "This is overly simplistic." She continues,

“”There are many unanswered questions at this point. We still need to further assess diversity within kinds identified by hybrid data. This will help us understand what characteristics God designed to vary to enable birds to fill the earth. Hopefully this will suggest parameters for delimiting the kinds. Thus there is plenty of room for more exciting research to better understand how our magnificent Creator designed and provides for His Creation.

That is, we have no clue what we are doing. It's almost like taxonomy without biology is an exercise in bullshitting.

#### Recent, Functionally Diverse Origin for Mitochondrial Genes from ~2700 Metazoan Species[edit]

Nathaniel T. Jeanson, December 11, 2013

"The evolutionary model is so robust that it leads to predictions of molecular function... Unlike the evolutionary model, the creation model lacks a clear, predictive explanation for molecular diversity." In other words, he admits his model lacks all predictive power, but Goddidit.

## See also[edit]

* Answers Research Journal
* Answers in Genesis

## External links[edit]

* ARJ Vol. 6

## References[edit]

1. ↑ An abstract to an upcoming article appears on the website. We await the proposal!

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Articles about creationism

Types of creationism: |  Gap creationism • Day-age creationism • Old Earth creationism • Progressive creation • Hare Krishna creationism • Young Earth creationism • Intelligent design •
Evidence against a recent creation: |  Creationism and social history • Geomagnetism • Petrified forest • Radiometric dating • Carbon dating • Dendrochronology • Y-chromosomal Adam • Mitochondrial Eve • Starlight problem • Plate tectonics • Rotation of the Earth • Atmosphere of the Moon • Biogeography • K-Pg extinction event • Geologic timeline • Fossil • Transitional fossil • Fossil record • Lake Agassiz • List of transitional forms • Recent African Origin hypothesis • Punctuated equilibrium • Bird evolution • Geology • Grand Canyon • Evolution • Fossil fuel • Paleontology • History of the Earth • Evidence against a recent creation • Yellowstone • Diamond • Iron •
| Creationist claims: |  Geomagnetism • Do you want to be descended from a monkey? • Evolution and religion • Evolution and morality • C-decay • Peanut butter argument • Intelligent design and academic freedom • Science was wrong before • Science doesn't know everything • Catastrophic plate tectonics • Hydroplate theory • Lunar bukkake hypothesis • Creationist mathematics • Biblical literalism • Bumblebee argument • Orchidaceae • Irreducible complexity • Leap second • Wedge Strategy • Noah's Ark • 101 evidences for a young age of the Earth and the universe • Noah's Ark sightings • Evolution conspiracy • Recession of the Moon • Rotation of the Earth • Atmosphere of the Moon • Lunar dust • Lunar radioactivity • White hole cosmology • Firmament • Evolutionism • Haji Yearam • Galactocentricity • Hanzi of Genesis • Historical and operational science • Proof of the inconsistency of arithmetic • List of creationist claims • Global flood • De-evolution • Microevolution and macroevolution • In the Beginning: Compelling Evidence for Creation and the Flood • Borel's Law • Baraminology • Dinosaur denialism •
| Global flood: |  Flood geology • Noah's Ark • Noah • Lunar bukkake hypothesis • Fossil sorting by the global flood • Hydroplate theory • Global flood • Grand Canyon • Noah (film) • Epic of Gilgamesh • Didit fallacy • God's Love • Noah's Ark sightings • Haji Yearam • Lake Agassiz • Parasites during the global flood • Life and the global flood • Baraminology • Global flood chronology • Yellowstone • Petrified forest •
Intelligent design creationism: |  Falsifiability of creationism • Irreducible complexity • Cdesign proponentsists • Intelligent design and academic freedom • Argument from design • The Wonders of Creation Reveal God's Glory • Biological Information: New Perspectives • Seeking God in Science: An Atheist Defends Intelligent Design • John A. Davison • Evolution Under the Microscope: A Scientific Critique of the Theory of Evolution • Rethinking Darwin: A Vedic Study of Darwinism and Intelligent Design • Mind and Cosmos: Why the Materialist Neo-Darwinian Conception of Nature Is Almost Certainly False • Providence Lost: A Critique of Darwinism • The Darwin Myth: The Life and Lies of Charles Darwin • The Mystery of Life's Origin: Reassessing Current Theories • The Origin of Human Nature: A Zen Buddhist Looks at Evolution • Thomas Nagel • Darwinism Under The Microscope: How Recent Scientific Evidence Points To Divine Design • The End of Darwinism • Ask Darwinists • Polonium halos • Explanatory Filter • Flowers of asexually-reproducing plants • Eye • Argument from fine tuning • Argument from beauty • Argument from first cause • Flagellum • Moody Institute of Science • Intelligent design • Laryngeal nerve • Suboptimal design • Adam and Evolution: A Scientific Critique of Neo-Darwinism • Expelled: Leader's Guide • Banana argument •
| "Intelligent" alternatives: |  Intelligent falling • Scientific storkism • Pastafarianism • Scientific Geoterrapinism • Wedgie strategy •
| Teach the controversy: |  Santorum Amendment • Missouri House Bill 1227 • Indiana Senate Bill 89 • Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District • Academic Freedom Act • Louisiana Academic Freedom Act • Tennessee monkey bill • Edwards v. Aguillard • Thomas More Law Center • School vouchers • Eugenie Scott • Teach the controversy • Truth in Science • McLean v. Arkansas Board of Education •
Creationists: |  Ben Stein • Barry Setterfield • Jonathan Sarfati • Ray Comfort • B.H. Shadduck • Kirk Cameron • Harun Yahya • Wendy Wright • Carl Wieland • John Ankerberg • Jack Cuozzo • William Jennings Bryan • Russ Miller • Lee Strobel • Brother Stair • Paul A. Nelson • James I. Nienhuis • Art Robinson • Alan O'Reilly • PPSIMMONS • Hank Hanegraaff • Charlie Wagner • Rush Limbaugh • Roy Spencer • Grover Norquist • Ann Coulter • Christopher Booker • NephilimFree • Andrea Minichiello Williams • Tom Bethell • Chuck Baldwin • Rick Perry • Bradley Monton • Mission: America • Christopher Langan • Aimee Semple McPherson • Richard Kent • Ljiljana Čolić • Abuz Zubair • Scott Huse • Barry Arrington • Grant Jeffrey • Janet Porter • Alan Clifford • Kurt Wise • Kenneth McKilliam • Bradlee Dean • Hugh Ross • Geoffrey Simmons • James Le Fanu • Norman Nevin • Shaun Johnston • Issac Bourne • John C. Sanford • Fazale Rana • Benjamin Wiker • Hugh Dower • Lee Spetner • Mark Ludwig • Alan Hayward • Werner Gitt • William Fix • Maciej Giertych • Robert E. D. Clark • John C. Landon • Barbara Cargill • Philip Snow • Ken Jopp • Frank Tipler • Richard William Nelson • Todd Friel • Bob Sorensen • Eugene G. Windchy • Berit Kjos • Glenn Beck • Robert McLuhan • George C. Deutsch • Ross McKitrick • Daniel Neiman • Ron Wyatt • Desmond Paul Allen • Jay Wile • Jack Chick • Ian Juby • Anthony Peake • Tim Ball • John Mackay • Sheik Feiz Muhammad • J. P. Holding • Michael Cremo • Chuck Norris • Steve Milloy • Rick Santorum • Christine O'Donnell • Larry Craig • Mike Bara • John Hawkins • Alan Keyes • Chris Carter • Ted Cruz • Bobby Jindal • James Ussher • Larry Pratt • Bob Dutko • Steve Fuller • Denyse O'Leary • Mike Huckabee • American Thinker • Babu G. Ranganathan • Ben Hobrink • Carl Baugh • Humans Are Free • Mary Lou Bruner • Educate-yourself.org • Andrew Schlafly • Ian Paisley • VenomFangX • Todd Akin • Paul Broun • James Manning • Mike Pence • Shockofgod • Sye Ten Bruggencate • Brad Stine • Charlton Heston • Pat Toomey • Josh Axe • Ben Carson • William Dembski • Presents Of God Ministry • Jim Allister • Whale.to • Jonathan Otto • Becky Fischer • Roy Moore • David Wilcock • Jerry Falwell Sr. • Mark Dice • Ron Paul • Sam Brownback • Pat Buchanan • Don McLeroy • Marco Rubio • Michele Bachmann • Pat Robertson • John Hagee • Mary Fallin • The Vigilant Christian • Betsy DeVos • WND • Joseph Farah • Media Research Center • Theodore Beale • Truth Never Sleeps • Encyclopedia of American Loons • Zakir Naik • Got Questions • R. L. Wysong • ProphecyFilm.com • Kent Hovind • Steven Anderson • Dennis Prager • Bernard d'Abrera • Mohammad Tawhidi • Dylan Wheeler • CJ Pearson • Christian Apologetics and Research Ministry • Eric Hovind • Cornelius Van Til • Frank Turek • Sarah Palin • Brandon Tatum • William Lane Craig • Alex Jones (slovensky) • Charlie Kirk • Conservapedia • Owen Benjamin • Steven Crowder • Rick Warren • Jerry Falwell Jr. • Ted Holden • Alex Jones • E. Calvin Beisner • Kate Tieje • Michael Denton • New Independent Fundamentalist Baptist Movement • Mark Cahill • Jim Inhofe • Gary Birdsong • R.J. Rushdoony • Pat Boone • The Washington Times • Canada Free Press • NewsBusters • Jimmy Swaggart • Miroljub Petrović • Marjorie Taylor Greene • Chuck Colson • Stars are Souls • Stephen E. Jones • Lew Rockwell • Tom Tancredo • Liberal Logic 101 • John Kasich • Gary North • E. W. Jackson • Kevin Stitt • AprilStudios •
| Fundie schools: |  Brigham Young University • Bryan College • Cedarville University • Patrick Henry College • Regent University • Patriot Bible University • Fundie school • College Credit for Creationism • The Master's University • Boston Baptist College • San Diego Christian College • Biola University • Columbia Pacific University • TRACS • Cornerstone University • Pensacola Christian College • Bob Jones University • Hyles-Anderson College • University of South Los Angeles • Cambridge Theological Seminary • Haven University • Liberty University • Louisiana Baptist University and Seminary • New Eden School of Natural Health • Georgia Central University • Andersonville Theological Seminary •
| Discovery Institute: |  Teach the controversy • Of Pandas and People • Wedge Strategy • Text of The Wedge Strategy • Explore Evolution • Jonathan Witt • David Berlinski • Biologic Institute • Jonathan Wells • Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed • Michael Egnor • Douglas Axe • Academic Freedom Day • Casey Luskin • What is intelligent design? • Behe: The Edge of Evolution, Interview • Science and Human Origins • Wedgie strategy • Project Steve • BIO-Complexity • Texas Board of Education • Richard Weikart • Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District • Human exceptionalism • Darwin's Predictions • Stephen C. Meyer • Howard Ahmanson • Melvin Mulder • Lists of creationist scientists • Discovery Institute • Complex Specified Information • Michael Behe • Phillip Johnson • Joel Brind • Non-materialist neuroscience • Academic Freedom Act •
| Answers in Genesis: |  Answers in Genesis Dawkins interview controversy • Bodie Hodge • Andrew Snelling • Affirmations and Denials Essential to a Consistent Christian (Biblical) Worldview • Answers in Genesis-Creation Ministries International's Statement of Faith • Hanzi of Genesis • Atheists Outline Their Global Religious Agenda • 12 Arguments Evolutionists Should Avoid • Creation Ministries International • Lists of creationist scientists • Answers Research Journal • Ark Encounter • Jason Lisle • Answers in Genesis • Ken Ham • Creation Museum • Buddy Davis •
|  | Answers Research Journal: |  Answers Research Journal volume 2 • Answers Research Journal volume 3 • Answers Research Journal volume 5 • Answers Research Journal volume 1 • Answers Research Journal volume 4 • Answers Research Journal • Answers Research Journal volume 7 • Answers Research Journal volume 8 • Answers Research Journal volume 9 • Answers Research Journal volume 10 • Answers Research Journal volume 11 • Answers Research Journal volume 12 • Answers Research Journal volume 13 • Answers Research Journal volume 14 •
| Institute for Creation Research: |  Nathaniel Jeanson • Jeffrey Tomkins • Lawrence Ford • Henry M. Morris • Brian Thomas • Duane Gish • RATE • Your Origins Matter • John D. Morris • Jerry Bergman • San Diego Christian College • Timothy LaHaye • Russell Humphreys • Lists of creationist scientists • TRACS • Andrew Snelling • David A. DeWitt • Alpha Omega Institute • Jason Lisle • Institute for Creation Research • Danny Faulkner •