Creation science

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The divine comedy
Creationism

Running gags

* Biblical literalism
* Young/Old Earth
* Intelligent design
* Creation scientists

Jokes aside

* Carbon dating
* Atmosphere of the Moon
* Lake Agassiz
* Punctuated equilibrium

Blooper reel

* Creation geophysics
* Question Evolution! - CMI's Rebuttals to Responses to Questions 4 through 8
* Question Evolution! - CMI's Rebuttals to Responses to Questions 1 through 3
* Bumblebee argument

Evolutionism debunkers

* Fazale Rana
* Timothy LaHaye
* CJ Pearson
* Mark Cahill

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“”We take this revealed framework of history as our basic datum, and then try to see how all the pertinent data can be understood in this context.

—Whitcomb and  Morris, preface to The Genesis Flood: The Biblical Record and Its Scientific Implications (1961)[1]

Creation "science" is the pseudoscientific pretense of making a scientific description of the Genesis creation myth, in the mistaken idea that faith in these concepts is, somehow, not enough for a believer.

Creation science tends to focus on two areas: creationism itself and denigrating existing science, either specifics such as with evolution or more generally as a method. In this way, fundamentalists attempt to ~~create~~ foster the illusion that science is entirely a faith-based system,[2] to show that their faith-based system (whatever this particular system preaches) is just as valid as actual science. The major problem of this, however, is that it is bollocks.

Science, while having many definitions and nuances, is fundamentally the application of observation to produce explanation, iteratively working to produce further predictions, observations, and explanations. On the other hand, creationism begins with the assertion that a particular interpretation of the biblical[note 1] account is literally true and tries to shoehorn observations into it. The two methods are fundamentally incompatible. In short, "creation science" is an oxymoron.

## Contents

* 1 Contrast to science
* 1.1 Falsifiability
* 1.2 Cherry picking
* 1.3 Scientific conclusions
* 2 Baraminology
* 3 Geology, and other things that aren't in the Bible
* 4 Creation scientist
* 5 Intelligent design
* 6 In a nutshell
* 7 See also
* 8 Notes
* 9 References

## Contrast to science[edit]

It is entirely possible for the statement "the world was created in a quasi-magical event 6000 years ago" to be tested by science — that is, by observation. One simply asks what we would expect to see if it was true, and look for it. Unfortunately for creationists, this question has pretty much been solved, so they have to invent a new method to make it true. So, the statement "the world was created in a quasi-magical event 6000 years ago", and its ramifications, is used by creationists in a very different way from science.

### Falsifiability[edit]

One of the pillars of the scientific method is that scientific theories should be falsifiable. This property is attributed in the modern era to Karl Popper, but isn't unique to him and goes back further, and states that in science, there has to be some potential observation that would show a theory to be wrong. This is simply because if there were no way to disprove an idea, it could always be said to be true no matter what, which not only isn't very interesting, but doesn't present a pathway for our knowledge to grow. Various parables have been made to explain what falsifiability is, including Russell's Teapot and Carl Sagan's The Dragon in My Garage.

Unfortunately, this reasoning is counter-intuitive to some and may be the reason that creation science doesn't work well with the concept of falsifiability. The thinking seems to be that if you define something to be correct regardless of evidence, then you must also be correct regardless of evidence. Hopefully, no one will need to read any Karl Popper or Bertrand Russell to realise that you can't define something into existence.

Creation science falls at this hurdle, as there is no known way to falsify a creation event the way they use it. Unless creationists impose limits on their chosen creator, which they are naturally loath to do, there is no way to really falsify a creation event. For a creator can choose to create whatever they will, in whatever manner they will, so any possible scenario could be "explained" by a creation event. Goalposts may be moved, or the position can resemble Last Thursdayism, but nothing will change a creationist's mind about their subject matter. So, in being able to answer every question, "creation science" in effect answers none of them. Floating axe heads, burning bushes, people being raised from the dead, talking snakes, etc. are all capable of being explained by a supernatural creator, so there is nothing left to test (falsify) the idea, meaning that it can never be confirmed either, and nothing about it can be used to generate follow-on scientific ideas, which means that scientifically, you can't do anything with "creation science".

### Cherry picking[edit]

One of the main problems that creation science has is that it often fails to include all available data. As seen in creationist debating tactics such as the Gish Gallop, the idea is that if one point in a thousand holds (or, at least, isn't responded to instantaneously), the entire idea must be false, and yours must be true by default. And so, you can ignore radiocarbon dating because occasionally it's unreliable due to contamination — and you can also ignore potassium/argon dating because C-14 has a maximum dating time. Or that the Grand Canyon is evidence of a global flood — but the lack of a Grand Canyon in the Sahara desert is either inconsequential or also evidence of a global flood.

Creation 'science' only attempts to prove the idea by whatever evidence it can find — even if the evidence doesn't actually support it — and ignores or excuses any evidence against it. Real science doesn't make excuses for evidence, or lack thereof (though it will explain why bogus arguments against it aren't valid).

### Scientific conclusions[edit]

Scientific study starts by examining evidence and drawing conclusions from the evidence. Creationism starts with a Bible-based conclusion (or interpretation) and attempts to look for evidence to support the conclusion. This much is clear, and it's also admitted to by many creationists. As Ken Ham, founder of Answers in Genesis (AiG), put it: "By definition, no apparent, perceived or claimed evidence in any field, including history and chronology can be valid if it contradicts the Scriptural record."[3] The thing is, they don't see this as a problem — they view the problem as entirely the responsibility of science, for failing to endorse presuppositionalism, among many other logical fallacies and methodological flaws that plague creationism as "science".

Circular logic is also an error that creationists admit to. Circular logic starts with a foregone conclusion, and derives from it exactly the same conclusion — we don't learn anything, so it's pointless and doesn't provide supporting evidence. Yet, responding to the criticism of circularity, Darius and Karin Viet of AiG said, "The common accusation that the presuppositionalist uses circular reasoning is actually true. [...] Yet if used properly, this use of circular reasoning is not arbitrary and, therefore, not fallacious." which is, in short, the opposite of true. (Presumably, by "if used properly" they meant "if used to support our conclusions".)

At the risk of sounding like a broken record, the entire point of science, the entire methodology for learning about the world through observation, requires us to hold ideas up against reality to see where they break and fail to produce accurate predictions. Creationists refuse to do this, and even admit to it, so the mantle of "creation science" is very much a misnomer. The "science" tag, therefore, has nothing to do with these people performing real science according to the methods laid out by rational/skeptical empiricism, and everything to do with them adopting and then denigrating the term "science" for their own ends: to produce the illusion that their thinking is just as valid as actual science.

## Baraminology[edit]

According to Young Earth Creationism, the Earth and all animals were created during Creation Week. The animals were created in non-evolving kinds, the study of which is called Baraminology. (However, in order to reduce the vast numbers of animals that would have been required to be in the Ark, many YECs have proposed hyper-evolution of these baramins following the Flood.) In an effort to further their cause, YECs have built a Creation Museum.

## Geology, and other things that aren't in the Bible[edit]

As the global flood of Genesis is also believed to be true, a separate element of creation "science" deals with flood geology, another howler of a misnomer.

Creation science acknowledges some decidedly non-biblical aspects of prehistory which have been proven during the modern period by geological, archaeological, and paleontological evidence, such as ice ages, plate tectonics, and the existence of dinosaurs. In creationist chronologies, these are fitted incongruously around the events described in Genesis: for example, some branches of creation geophysics postulate that continental drift was a catastrophic event associated with the biblical flood.

## Creation scientist[edit]

To a young earth creationist, a creation "scientist" is any degree-holding person who — no matter in what field, discipline, or even whether they do any research, experimentation, or propose any hypotheses — believes the Genesis account to be the literal truth (e.g. the Creation Ministries International "list of scientists alive today who accept the biblical account of creation").

Many of the world's foremost pioneers in scientific fields such as Sir Isaac Newton and Johannes Kepler are thus considered creation scientists by young earth creationists because they did not believe in evolution or the Big Bang Theory and held to special creation — never mind that neither theory had arisen yet.

This ignores the fact that these scientists had none of the knowledge we have today regarding modern science, leading one to wonder if they would have been (or remained) creationists if they were alive today. Also, as an analogy, scientists back then knew nothing about germ theory and even supported miasma as a cause for disease; does this make germ theory dubious or false? And (just hypothetically, of course), would you be willing to expose yourself to smallpox viruses to show that germ theory isn't true?

## Intelligent design[edit]

As it has proved almost impossible for creationists to get creationism taught officially[note 2] in public schools in the US, the Discovery Institute came up with another pseudoscience -- Intelligent Design. Intelligent design is effectively creationism with a thin veil of neutrality and a thick coating of vagueness and pseudoscience. It does not name a designer or promote a specific creation myth ( ~~specifically~~ one example being the Genesis account), although adherents of ID typically believe in the Judeo-Christian God and are generally quite vocal that ID is another term for YEC when they think no one else is listening. It attempts to give scientific evidence for "design" of the universe, yet falls into the same trap as creation "science" by not following the scientific method and being based on religious ideas.

Intelligent Design doesn't explain the origin of the universe any better than scientific theories. According to Intelligent Design, the universe is too complex to have formed on its own, so an even more complex "God" must have created the universe. So where did that God come from, if it's even more complex than the universe? If one can believe that God created itself or always existed, and that the universe is even less complex than God, then one should also be able to believe that the universe could have created itself or always existed. Even if Intelligent Design were true, it still would be useless for any scientist. It explains the origin of the universe by saying something like "the Big Bang happened, but there's also this omnipotent being or an uncaused cause"; it doesn't actually explain anything not already explained by scientific theories. All it does is introduce unnecessary complications to those theories.

In other words, scientifically speaking, the problem with ID isn't that it's a religious idea; the problem is that you can't do anything with it. It doesn't give you the basis for further inquiry and discovery.

## In a nutshell[edit]

## See also[edit]

* Lists of creation scientists
* Baraminology

## Notes[edit]

1. ↑ Some other religions promote creationism, but primarily it stems from fundamentalist Christianity in the US. Islam, for instance, often preaches against evolution, but very rarely for special creation 6000 years ago — and the creation/evolution controversy is practically unheard of in Hinduism. The reason we say a particular interpretation of the account is that books 1 and 2 of Genesis conflict and Creation Science picks from one or the other as it sees fit.
2. ↑ Of course, plenty of nutball creationists manage to teach it in class in defiance of the law, and it's very hard to stop these sorts of shenanigans.

## References[edit]

1. ↑ The Genesis Flood: The Biblical Record and Its Scientific Implications by John C. Whitcomb Jr. & Henry M. Morris (1961) Presbyterian & Pub. Co. ISBN 0825433266.
2. ↑ The Emperor Has No Clothes, Naturalism and The Theory of Evolution One author claims that scientists refuse to admit that evolution and natural selection are wrong in the same way that the characters in Andersen's famous story refused to admit that the emperor was naked.
3. ↑ AiG - Statement of Faith

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Articles about creationism

Types of creationism: |  Gap creationism • Day-age creationism • Old Earth creationism • Progressive creation • Hare Krishna creationism • Young Earth creationism • Intelligent design •
Evidence against a recent creation: |  Creationism and social history • Geomagnetism • Petrified forest • Radiometric dating • Carbon dating • Dendrochronology • Y-chromosomal Adam • Mitochondrial Eve • Starlight problem • Plate tectonics • Rotation of the Earth • Atmosphere of the Moon • Biogeography • K-Pg extinction event • Geologic timeline • Fossil • Transitional fossil • Fossil record • Lake Agassiz • List of transitional forms • Punctuated equilibrium • Bird evolution • Geology • Grand Canyon • Fossil fuel • Paleontology • History of the Earth • Evidence against a recent creation • Yellowstone • Diamond • Iron • Age of the Earth • Evolution •
| Creationist claims: |  Geomagnetism • Do you want to be descended from a monkey? • Evolution and religion • Evolution and morality • C-decay • Peanut butter argument • Intelligent design and academic freedom • Science was wrong before • Science doesn't know everything • Catastrophic plate tectonics • Hydroplate theory • Lunar bukkake hypothesis • Creationist mathematics • Biblical literalism • Bumblebee argument • Orchidaceae • Irreducible complexity • Leap second • Wedge Strategy • Noah's Ark • 101 evidences for a young age of the Earth and the universe • Noah's Ark sightings • Evolution conspiracy • Recession of the Moon • Rotation of the Earth • Atmosphere of the Moon • Lunar dust • Lunar radioactivity • White hole cosmology • Firmament • Evolutionism • Haji Yearam • Galactocentricity • Hanzi of Genesis • Historical and operational science • Proof of the inconsistency of arithmetic • List of creationist claims • Global flood • De-evolution • Microevolution and macroevolution • In the Beginning: Compelling Evidence for Creation and the Flood • Borel's Law • Dinosaur denialism • Baraminology •
| Global flood: |  Flood geology • Noah's Ark • Noah • Lunar bukkake hypothesis • Fossil sorting by the global flood • Hydroplate theory • Global flood • Grand Canyon • Noah (film) • Epic of Gilgamesh • Didit fallacy • God's Love • Noah's Ark sightings • Haji Yearam • Lake Agassiz • Parasites during the global flood • Life and the global flood • Global flood chronology • Yellowstone • Petrified forest • Baraminology •
Intelligent design creationism: |  Falsifiability of creationism • Irreducible complexity • Cdesign proponentsists • Intelligent design and academic freedom • Argument from design • The Wonders of Creation Reveal God's Glory • Biological Information: New Perspectives • Seeking God in Science: An Atheist Defends Intelligent Design • John A. Davison • Evolution Under the Microscope: A Scientific Critique of the Theory of Evolution • Rethinking Darwin: A Vedic Study of Darwinism and Intelligent Design • Mind and Cosmos: Why the Materialist Neo-Darwinian Conception of Nature Is Almost Certainly False • Providence Lost: A Critique of Darwinism • The Darwin Myth: The Life and Lies of Charles Darwin • The Mystery of Life's Origin: Reassessing Current Theories • The Origin of Human Nature: A Zen Buddhist Looks at Evolution • Thomas Nagel • Darwinism Under The Microscope: How Recent Scientific Evidence Points To Divine Design • The End of Darwinism • Ask Darwinists • Polonium halos • Explanatory Filter • Flowers of asexually-reproducing plants • Eye • Argument from fine tuning • Argument from beauty • Argument from first cause • Flagellum • Moody Institute of Science • Intelligent design • Laryngeal nerve • Suboptimal design • Adam and Evolution: A Scientific Critique of Neo-Darwinism • Expelled: Leader's Guide • Banana argument • Vault-Co •
| "Intelligent" alternatives: |  Intelligent falling • Scientific storkism • Pastafarianism • Scientific Geoterrapinism • Wedgie strategy •
| Teach the controversy: |  Santorum Amendment • Missouri House Bill 1227 • Indiana Senate Bill 89 • Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District • Academic Freedom Act • Louisiana Academic Freedom Act • Tennessee monkey bill • Edwards v. Aguillard • Thomas More Law Center • School vouchers • Eugenie Scott • Teach the controversy • Truth in Science • McLean v. Arkansas Board of Education •
Creationists: |  Ben Stein • Barry Setterfield • Jonathan Sarfati • Ray Comfort • B.H. Shadduck • Kirk Cameron • Harun Yahya • Wendy Wright • Carl Wieland • John Ankerberg • Jack Cuozzo • William Jennings Bryan • Russ Miller • Lee Strobel • Brother Stair • Paul Nelson • James Nienhuis • Art Robinson • Alan O'Reilly • PPSIMMONS • Hank Hanegraaff • Charlie Wagner • Rush Limbaugh • Roy Spencer • Grover Norquist • Ann Coulter • Christopher Booker • Andrea Minichiello Williams • Tom Bethell • Chuck Baldwin • Rick Perry • Bradley Monton • Christopher Langan • Aimee Semple McPherson • Richard Kent • Ljiljana Čolić • Abuz Zubair • Scott Huse • Barry Arrington • Grant Jeffrey • Janet Porter • Alan Clifford • Kurt Wise • Kenneth McKilliam • Bradlee Dean • Hugh Ross • Geoffrey Simmons • James Le Fanu • Norman Nevin • Shaun Johnston • John C. Sanford • Fazale Rana • Benjamin Wiker • Hugh Dower • Lee Spetner • Mark Ludwig • Alan Hayward • Werner Gitt • William Fix • Maciej Giertych • John C. Landon • Barbara Cargill • Ken Jopp • Frank Tipler • Richard William Nelson • Todd Friel • Bob Sorensen • Eugene Windchy • Berit Kjos • Glenn Beck • Robert McLuhan • George C. Deutsch • Ross McKitrick • Daniel Neiman • Ron Wyatt • Desmond Paul Allen • Jay Wile • Jack Chick • Ian Juby • Anthony Peake • Tim Ball • Sheik Feiz Muhammad • J. P. Holding • Michael Cremo • Chuck Norris • Steve Milloy • Rick Santorum • Christine O'Donnell • Larry Craig • Mike Bara • John Hawkins • Alan Keyes • Chris Carter • Ted Cruz • Bobby Jindal • James Ussher • Larry Pratt • Bob Dutko • Steve Fuller • Denyse O'Leary • Mike Huckabee • Babu G. Ranganathan • Ben Hobrink • Carl Baugh • Humans Are Free • Mary Lou Bruner • Educate-yourself.org • Andrew Schlafly • Ian Paisley • VenomFangX • Todd Akin • Paul Broun • James Manning • Shockofgod • Sye Ten Bruggencate • Brad Stine • Charlton Heston • Pat Toomey • Josh Axe • Ben Carson • William Dembski • Presents Of God Ministry • Jim Allister • Whale.to • Jonathan Otto • Becky Fischer • Roy Moore • David Wilcock • Jerry Falwell Sr. • Mark Dice • Ron Paul • Sam Brownback • Pat Buchanan • Don McLeroy • Marco Rubio • Michele Bachmann • Pat Robertson • John Hagee • Mary Fallin • The Vigilant Christian • Betsy DeVos • WND • Joseph Farah • Media Research Center • Theodore Beale • Encyclopedia of American Loons • Got Questions • R. L. Wysong • ProphecyFilm.com • Kent Hovind • Steven Anderson • Dennis Prager • Bernard d'Abrera • Mohammad Tawhidi • CJ Pearson • Christian Apologetics and Research Ministry • Eric Hovind • Cornelius Van Til • Frank Turek • Sarah Palin • William Lane Craig • Alex Jones (slovensky) • Charlie Kirk • Owen Benjamin • Steven Crowder • Rick Warren • Jerry Falwell Jr. • Ted Holden • Alex Jones • E. Calvin Beisner • Kate Tieje • Michael Denton • New Independent Fundamentalist Baptist Movement • Mark Cahill • Jim Inhofe • Gary Birdsong • R. J. Rushdoony • Pat Boone • The Washington Times • Canada Free Press • NewsBusters • Jimmy Swaggart • Miroljub Petrović • Marjorie Taylor Greene • Chuck Colson • Stephen E. Jones • Lew Rockwell • Tom Tancredo • John Kasich • Gary North • E. W. Jackson • Kevin Stitt • Zachary K. Hubbard • Conservapedia • Mike Johnson • National Rifle Association • Butch Hartman • Joshua Feuerstein • Christopher Rufo • Peter Sweden • Alvin Plantinga • Tucker Carlson • Mission: America • American Thinker • Brandon Tatum • Nick Fuentes • Mike Pence • Zakir Naik • Glenn Morton •
| Fundie schools: |  Brigham Young University • Bryan College • Cedarville University • Patrick Henry College • Regent University • Patriot Bible University • Fundie school • The Master's University • Boston Baptist College • San Diego Christian College • Columbia Pacific University • Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools • Cornerstone University • Pensacola Christian College • Bob Jones University • Hyles-Anderson College • University of South Los Angeles • Cambridge Theological Seminary • Haven University • Liberty University • Louisiana Baptist University and Seminary • New Eden School of Natural Health • Georgia Central University • Andersonville Theological Seminary • Ambassador Baptist College • Hillsdale College • Illegal schools in the United Kingdom •
| Discovery Institute: |  Teach the controversy • Of Pandas and People • Wedge Strategy • Text of The Wedge Strategy • Explore Evolution • David Berlinski • Biologic Institute • Jonathan Wells • Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed • Michael Egnor • Douglas Axe • Academic Freedom Day • Casey Luskin • What is intelligent design? • Behe: The Edge of Evolution, Interview • Science and Human Origins • Wedgie strategy • Project Steve • BIO-Complexity • Texas Board of Education • Richard Weikart • Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District • Human exceptionalism • Darwin's Predictions • Stephen Meyer • Howard Ahmanson • Melvin Mulder • Lists of creationist scientists • Discovery Institute • Complex Specified Information • Michael Behe • Phillip Johnson • Joel Brind • Non-materialist neuroscience • Academic Freedom Act •
| Answers in Genesis: |  Answers in Genesis Dawkins interview controversy • Bodie Hodge • Andrew Snelling • Affirmations and Denials Essential to a Consistent Christian (Biblical) Worldview • Answers in Genesis/Creation Ministries International's Statement of Faith • Hanzi of Genesis • Atheists Outline Their Global Religious Agenda • 12 Arguments Evolutionists Should Avoid • Creation Ministries International • Lists of creationist scientists • Answers Research Journal • Ark Encounter • Jason Lisle • Answers in Genesis • Ken Ham • Creation Museum • Buddy Davis • Bill Nye debates Ken Ham • Ham Hightail • Cedarville University •
|  | Answers Research Journal: |  Answers Research Journal volume 2 • Answers Research Journal volume 3 • Answers Research Journal volume 5 • Answers Research Journal volume 1 • Answers Research Journal volume 6 • Answers Research Journal volume 4 • Answers Research Journal • Answers Research Journal volume 7 • Answers Research Journal volume 8 • Answers Research Journal volume 9 • Answers Research Journal volume 10 • Answers Research Journal volume 11 • Answers Research Journal volume 12 • Answers Research Journal volume 13 • Answers Research Journal volume 14 • Answers Research Journal Volume 15 •
| Institute for Creation Research: |  Nathaniel Jeanson • Jeffrey Tomkins • Lawrence Ford • Henry Morris • Brian Thomas • Duane Gish • RATE • Your Origins Matter • John Morris • Jerry Bergman • San Diego Christian College • Timothy LaHaye • Russell Humphreys • Lists of creationist scientists • Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools • Andrew Snelling • Alpha Omega Institute • Jason Lisle • Institute for Creation Research • Danny Faulkner • David DeWitt •

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Articles about apologetics and counter-apologetics

Apologetics and counter-apologetics: |  Question Evolution • Christianity is not a religion • Proof the Bible is True • Proof God is Always Right • Russell's Teapot • New Apologetics • Apologetics • Zeal of the convert • Statements that are wrong on the level of a Young Earth • Evidence for God from Science • Free will • Atheists hate god • Torah Philosophy • Answering Islam • ProphecyFilm.com • Atheist professor myth • Marian apparition • Minimal facts argument • FAQ for the Newly Deconverted • Nahom • Kuzari principle • Richard Dawkins - God Hater • God • Mara bar Serapion •
| Existence of gods: |  Religious scientists • Omnipotence paradox • Ontological argument • Presuppositionalism • Problem of evil • Transcendental argument for God • Oenological argument • God of the gaps • Evidence for God's existence • Argument from morality • Argument from molarity • Argument from first cause • Argument from fine tuning • Argument from design • Argument from beauty • Lewis Trilemma • Magic sandwich • Evil is the absence of God • Kissing Hank's Ass • The Dragon in My Garage • Intelligent design • Argument from desire • Arguments against the existence of God •
| Belief in gods: |  Pascal's wager • Spanish Inquisition • List of gods that theists don't believe in •
| Science and religion: |  Fideism • God of the gaps • Intelligent falling • Non-Overlapping Magisteria • Faith • Accommodationism • Burwell v. Hobby Lobby • Louis Pasteur • Science and religion •
| Morality and religion: |  Just world fallacy • Divine command theory • Euthyphro dilemma • Birth as a Grave Misfortune • Responding to Sam Burke's Argument That Christianity Entails Anti-Natalism •
Scriptures: |  Book of Mormon • Dianetics • Talmud • Q gospel • Book of Mormon • Septuagint • Essene Gospel of Peace • Aquarian Gospel of Jesus the Christ • Torah • Qur'an • New Testament • Tao Te Ching • The Urantia Book • Old Testament • Kutub al-Sittah • Holy book • Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures • Avenue Q gospel • Oahspe • A Course in Miracles • Doctrine and Covenants • Books of Enoch • Pearl of Great Price • Hadith • Bible • List of Hindu texts •
| Bible analysis: |  Apocalyptic literature • Authorship of the New Testament • Bible interpolation • Biblical sexism • Bibliolatry • Documentary hypothesis • Evidence for the Exodus • Gospels • Horizontal reading • King James Only • Pesher • Q gospel • Septuagint • Skeptic's Annotated Bible • Ten Commandments • Torah • Bible translation • Word of God • Biblical literalism • Biblical contradictions • List of mistakes made by God • Abomination • Firmament • G'Tach • Arsenokoites • Genealogy of Jesus • Nag Hammadi library • Noah's Ark • Slavery in the Bible • Examples of God personally killing people • Herod • The Brick Testament • Evidence against a recent creation • EvilBible.com • List of actions prohibited by the Bible • Biblical scientific errors •
| Qur'an analysis: |  List of actions prohibited by the Qur'an • Qur'anic scientific foreknowledge • Qur'anic scientific errors • Qur'anic contradictions • Dhu al-Qarnayn •
Apologists and counter-apologists: |  Matt Dillahunty • TheraminTrees • Hemant Mehta • Charles Templeton • Edward Current • Armoured Skeptic • DarkMatter2525 • Peter Kreeft •
| Christian apologists: |  C. S. Lewis • Jack Chick • Anselm of Canterbury • Kirk Cameron • Ray Comfort • Jonathan Sarfati • Henry Morris • Duane Gish • Andrew Snelling • Ravi Zacharias • Lee Strobel • Patrick Glynn • David Ray Griffin • R. J. Rushdoony • Gary North • Chuck Baldwin • Brian Thomas • Apologetics Press • Gary Habermas • J. P. Holding • Herb Titus • Jeffrey Tomkins • Lawrence Ford • Nathaniel Jeanson • John Morris • Tim Todd • Sye Ten Bruggencate • Randal Rauser • Timothy LaHaye • Ben Hobrink • Bible Issues • WallBuilders • L. Brent Bozell III • Rush Limbaugh • Alister McGrath • Buddy Davis • William Lane Craig • Ross Douthat • Norman Geisler • Ted Cruz • Ben Carson • Rick Perry • Pat Robertson • Joseph Farah • Theodore Beale • Mike Huckabee • One America News Network • David Wood • Edward Feser • Encyclopedia of American Loons • Got Questions • Dinesh D'Souza • Computing Forever • Eric Hovind • Cornelius Van Til • Frank Turek • Brittany Sellner • Ken Ham • Augustine of Hippo • Alvin Plantinga • Jair Bolsonaro • Thomas Aquinas • George Galloway • Laura Ingraham • E. Calvin Beisner • Bill Muehlenberg • Thomas Malthus • Josh McDowell • Mark Cahill • Ayaan Hirsi Ali • Kent Hovind • Creation Ministries International • Jordan Peterson • Steve Turley • G. K. Chesterton • Creation Research • Redeemed Zoomer • Walter Veith • Mike Pence •
| Muslim apologists: |  Harun Yahya • Dawah Man • Hamza Tzortzis • Zakir Naik •