Infestation

For other uses, see Infestation (disambiguation).

Infestation

Area of ringworm infestation on the calf (left lower leg)
Specialty| Infectious disease

Infestation is the state of being invaded or overrun by pests or parasites.[1] It can also refer to the actual organisms living on or within a host.[2]

## Contents

* 1 External and internal
* 2 Terminology
* 3 References
* 4 External links

## External and internal[edit | edit source]

Infestations can be classified as either external or internal with regards to the parasites' location in relation to the host.

External or ectoparasitic infestation is a condition in which organisms live primarily on the surface of the host (though porocephaliasis can penetrate viscerally) and includes those involving mites, ticks, head lice and bed bugs.[3]

An internal (or endoparasitic) infestation is a condition in which organisms live within the host and includes those involving worms (though swimmer's itch stays near the surface).

Medically, the term "infestation" is often reserved only for external ectoparasitic infestations[4] while the term infection refers to internal endoparasitic conditions.[5]

## Terminology[edit | edit source]

In general, the term "infestation" refers to parasitic diseases caused by animals such as arthropods (i.e. mites, ticks, and lice) and worms, but excluding (except) conditions caused by protozoa, fungi, bacteria, and viruses,[6] which are called infections.

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ "infestation" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
2. ↑ "Infestation - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary". Archived from the original on 2021-08-06. Retrieved 2021-10-17.
3. ↑ "Bed Bug Information". 2013-03-04. Archived from the original on 2021-10-17. Retrieved 2021-10-17.
4. ↑ "Bedbugs". Skin Problems & Treatments Health Center. Archived from the original on 2013-11-21. Retrieved 2013-11-20.
5. ↑ Leland S. Shapiro; Leland Shapiro (2005). Pathology and parasitology for veterinary technicians. Cengage Learning. pp. 111-. ISBN 978-1-4018-3745-7.
6. ↑ Harvard Medical School; Anthony L. Komaroff (28 December 2004). Harvard Medical School Family Health Guide. Simon & Schuster. pp. 889–. ISBN 978-0-684-86373-3. Retrieved 24 April 2010.

## External links[edit | edit source]

* Introduction to Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation as a Fumigant Alternative Archived 2022-06-18 at the Wayback Machine
* New technique predicts risk of plant disease and infestation Archived 2021-09-22 at the Wayback Machine

Classification|

* ICD-10: B65-B88.9
* ICD-9-CM: 120-129, 132-134
* SNOMED CT: 33042004

|

* v
* t
* e

Parasitic disease caused by helminthiases

Flatworm/
platyhelminth
infection|

| Fluke/trematode
(Trematode infection)|

| Blood fluke|

* Schistosoma mansoni / S. japonicum / S. mekongi / S. haematobium / S. intercalatum
* Schistosomiasis
* Trichobilharzia regenti
* Swimmer's itch

|

Liver fluke|

* Clonorchis sinensis
* Clonorchiasis
* Dicrocoelium dendriticum / D. hospes
* Dicrocoeliasis
* Fasciola hepatica / F. gigantica
* Fasciolosis
* Opisthorchis viverrini / O. felineus
* Opisthorchiasis

Lung fluke|

* Paragonimus westermani / P. kellicotti
* Paragonimiasis

Intestinal fluke|

* Fasciolopsis buski
* Fasciolopsiasis
* Metagonimus yokogawai
* Metagonimiasis
* Heterophyes heterophyes
* Heterophyiasis

Cestoda
(Tapeworm infection)|

| Cyclophyllidea|

* Echinococcus granulosus / E. multilocularis
* Echinococcosis
* Taenia saginata / T. asiatica / T. solium (pork)
* Taeniasis / Cysticercosis
* Hymenolepis nana / H. diminuta
* Hymenolepiasis

|

Pseudophyllidea|

* Diphyllobothrium latum
* Diphyllobothriasis
* Spirometra erinaceieuropaei
* Sparganosis
* Diphyllobothrium mansonoides
* Sparganosis

Roundworm/
Nematode
infection|

| Secernentea|

| Spiruria|

| Camallanida|

* Dracunculus medinensis
* Dracunculiasis

|

Spirurida|

| Filarioidea
(Filariasis)|

* Onchocerca volvulus
* Onchocerciasis
* Loa loa
* Loa loa filariasis
* Mansonella
* Mansonelliasis
* Dirofilaria repens
* D. immitis
* Dirofilariasis
* Wuchereria bancrofti / Brugia malayi / |B. timori
* Lymphatic filariasis

|

Thelazioidea|

* Gnathostoma spinigerum / G. hispidum
* Gnathostomiasis
* Thelazia
* Thelaziasis

Spiruroidea|

* Gongylonema

Strongylida
(hookworm)|

* Hookworm infection
* Ancylostoma duodenale / A. braziliense
* Ancylostomiasis / Cutaneous larva migrans
* Necator americanus
* Necatoriasis
* Angiostrongylus cantonensis
* Angiostrongyliasis
* Metastrongylus
* Metastrongylosis

Ascaridida|

* Ascaris lumbricoides
* Ascariasis
* Anisakis
* Anisakiasis
* Toxocara canis / T. cati
* Visceral larva migrans / Toxocariasis
* Baylisascaris
* Dioctophyme renale
* Dioctophymosis
* Parascaris equorum

Rhabditida|

* Strongyloides stercoralis
* Strongyloidiasis
* Trichostrongylus spp.
* Trichostrongyliasis
* Halicephalobus gingivalis

Oxyurida|

* Enterobius vermicularis
* Enterobiasis

Adenophorea|

* Trichinella spiralis
* Trichinosis
* Trichuris trichiura (Trichuriasis / Whipworm)
* Capillaria philippinensis
* Intestinal capillariasis
* C. hepatica

* v
* t
* e

Arthropods and ectoparasite-borne diseases and infestations

Insecta|

| Louse|

* Body louse (pediculosis corporis) / Head louse (head lice infestation)
* Crab louse (phthiriasis)

|

Hemiptera|

* Bed bug (cimicosis)

Fly|

* Dermatobia hominis / Cordylobia anthropophaga / Cochliomyia hominivorax (myiasis)
* Mosquito (mosquito-borne disease)

Flea|

* Tunga penetrans (tungiasis)

Crustacea|

| Pentastomida|

* Linguatula serrata (linguatulosis)
* Porocephalus crotali / Armillifer armillatus (porocephaliasis)

|

* For ticks and mites, see Template:Tick and mite-borne diseases and infestations

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