17th century in philosophy

This is a timeline of philosophy in the 17th century (17th-century philosophy).

## Contents

* 1 Events
* 2 Publications
* 3 Births
* 4 Deaths
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 Further reading

## Events

Queen Christina (at the table on the right) in discussion with French philosopher René Descartes (Romanticized painting from the 19th century.).

* 1649 - Christina, Queen of Sweden (reigned 1632–1654) invited René Descartes to educate her in his philosophical views, particularly his insight into Catholicism.
Descartes arrived on 4 October 1649, and tutored her for the next 4 months until he caught pneumonia and died ten days later on 11 February 1650. Speculations have been made as to the causes of his illness. Some cite the icy weather, others argue it may have been elicited by the rigorous schedule asked of Descartes by the queen. In 1991 a German scholar published a book questioning this account and more arguments against its veracity have been raised.[1][2]

## Publications

* 1644 - Andrzej Maksymilian Fredro \- Monita Politico-Moralia et Icon Ingeniorum
* 1649 - René Descartes \- Passions of the Soul
* 1649 - Pierre Gassendi \- Animadversiones[3][4]
* 1649 - John Milton \- Tenure of Kings and Magistrates[5]
* 1688 - Gottfried Leibniz
* Brevis Demonstratio Erroris Memorabilis Cartesii et Aliorum Circa Legem Naturae (A Brief Demonstration of the Memorable Error of Descartes and Others About the Law of Nature)[6]
* Discours de Métaphysique
* 1670 - Blaise Pascal \- Pensées [Thoughts] (incomplete at his death in 1662)
* 1700 - Mary Astell, Some Reflections Upon Marriage[7]

## Births

* 1607 – Francesco Sforza Pallavicino \- Italian cardinal, philosopher, theologian, literary theorist, and church historian
* 1632 - John Locke[8]
* 1649 - Samuel Bold - English advocate of John Locke's argument for religious toleration (d. 1737)
* 1649 - Samuel Johnson (pamphleteer) - One of the major developers of the Whig resistance theory (d. 1703)
* October 11 1675 - Samuel Clarke, English philosopher (d. 1729)[9]

## Deaths

* November 19 1649 - Caspar Schoppe (born 1576)[10] \- Best known for his book Grammatica philosophica (Milan, 1628)[10]
* February 21 1677 - Baruch Spinoza, Dutch philosopher (born 1632)[11]
* 1662 - Blaise Pascal, French mathematician and philosopher (born 1623).
* 1675 – Emanuele Tesauro, Italian philosopher, rhetorician, literary theorist, dramatist, Marinist poet, and historian (born 1592).
* 1699 - Edward Stillingfleet, a critic of Locke.[12]

## See also

* List of centuries in philosophy

## References

1. ↑ Eike Pies (1996) (in German). Der Mordfall Descartes : Dokumente, Indizien, Beweise. Solingen : Brockmann. ISBN 978-3930132058.
2. ↑ Theodor Ebert (2009) (in German). Der rätselhafte Tod des René Descartes. Alibri Verlag. ISBN 978-3865690487.
3. ↑ Saul Fisher (31 May 2005). "Pierre Gassendi". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/gassendi/. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
4. ↑ Pierre Gassendi (1649) (in Latin). Animadversiones in decimum librum Diogenis Laertii: qui est De vita, moribus, placitisque Epicuri. Continent autem Placita, quas ille treis statuit Philosophiae parteis 3 I. Canonicam, …; - II. Physicam, …; - III. Ethicam. Lyon: Guillaume Barbier.
5. ↑ Borchert, Donald M. "MILTON, JOHN (1608–1674)." Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Detroit: Thomson Gale/Macmillan Reference USA, 2006. 248-49. Print.
6. ↑ William H. Trapnell (1988). The Treatment of Christian Doctrine by Philosophers of the Natural Light from Descartes to Berkeley. Voltaire Foundation at the Taylor Institution. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-7294-0363-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=MR5dAAAAMAAJ.
7. ↑ "Some Reflections Upon Marriage, Occasion'd by the Duke and Dutchess of Mazarine's Case; Which is Also Consider'd.". digital.library.upenn.edu. http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/astell/marriage/marriage.html.
8. ↑ John Locke (1632-1704): Political Theorist, Philosopher, Physician, Polymath. Durham University Library. 1990. Google Books
9. ↑ Samuel Clarke (13 April 1998). Samuel Clarke: A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God: And Other Writings. Cambridge University Press. pp. 11. ISBN 978-0-521-59995-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=TY6ywd__pIoC&pg=PR11.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). "Schoppe, Caspar". Encyclopædia Britannica. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
11. ↑ Wiep van Bunge; Henri Krop; Piet Steenbakkers (31 July 2014). The Bloomsbury Companion to Spinoza. A&C Black. pp. 36. ISBN 978-1-4725-2760-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=lG_jAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA36.
12. ↑ Friedrich Ueberweg. A History of Philosophy, from Thales to the Present Time. Translated by G S Morris from the Fourth German Edition. Volume 2. Page 364.

## Further reading

* Daniel Garber and Michael Ayers (eds). The Cambridge History of Seventeenth-century Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. 1998. First paperback edition. 2003. Volume 2.
* Dan Kaufman (ed). The Routledge Companion to Seventeenth Century Philosophy. 2017. Google Books.
* Stuart Hampshire. The Master Philosophers: The Age of Reason: The 17th Century Philosophers. A Meridian Classic. New American Library. Meridian Books. Reprint. 1993. Google Books.
* Peter R Anstey (ed). The Oxford Handbook of British Philosophy in the Seventeenth Century. 2013. Google Books.
* Wiep Van Bunge. From Stevin to Spinoza: An Essay on Philosophy in the Seventeenth-Century Dutch Republic. Brill. Leiden, Boston, Koln. 2001. Google Books
* José R Maia Neto. Academic Skepticism in Seventeenth-Century French Philosophy: The Charronian Legacy 1601–1662. (International Archives of the History of Ideas 215). Springer. 2014. Google Books.
* G A J Rogers, Tom Sorell and Jill Kraye (eds). Insiders and Outsiders in Seventeenth-Century Philosophy. Taylor and Francis e-Library. 2009. Routledge. 2010. Google Books.
* Ross Harrison. Hobbes, Locke, and Confusion's Masterpiece: An Examination of Seventeenth Political Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. 2003. Google Books
* Tom Sorell, G A J Rogers, Jill Kraye (eds) Scientia in Early Modern Philosophy: Seventeenth-Century Thinkers on Demonstrative Knowledge from First Principles. (Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 24). Springer. 2010. Google Books.
* Susan James. Passion and Action: The Emotions in Seventeenth-century Philosophy. Clarendon Press. Reprinted 1999. Google Books.
* Jacqueline Broad. Women Philosophers of the Seventeenth Century. Cambridge University Press. 2003. Google Books.
* Henry Hallam. Introduction to the Literature of Europe, in the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Centuries. John Murray. Ablemarle Street, London. 1839. Volume 4. Chapter 3 ("History of Speculative Philosophy from 1650 to 1700"). Page 182 et seq.

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