List of physical properties of glass

Short description: Physical properties of common glasses

This is a list of some physical properties of common glasses. Unless otherwise stated, the technical glass compositions and many experimentally determined properties are taken from one large study.[1] Unless stated otherwise, the properties of fused silica (quartz glass) and germania glass are derived from the SciGlass glass database by forming the arithmetic mean of all the experimental values from different authors (in general more than 10 independent sources for quartz glass and Tg of germanium oxide glass).

The list is not exhaustive.

Properties  | Soda–lime glass (for containers)[2] | Borosilicate (low expansion, similar to Pyrex, Duran)  | Glass wool (for thermal insulation)  | Special optical glass (similar to
Lead crystal)  | Fused silica  | Germania glass  | Germanium selenide glass

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Chemical
composition,
wt%  | 74 SiO2, 13 Na2O, 10.5 CaO, 1.3 Al2O3, 0.3 K2O, 0.2 SO3, 0.2 MgO, 0.01 TiO2, 0.04 Fe2O3 | 81 SiO2, 12.5 B2O3, 4 Na2O, 2.2 Al2O3, 0.02 CaO, 0.06 K2O  | 63 SiO2, 16 Na2O, 8 CaO, 3.3 B2O3, 5 Al2O3, 3.5 MgO, 0.8 K2O, 0.3 Fe2O3, 0.2 SO3 | 41.2 SiO2, 34.1 PbO, 12.4 BaO, 6.3 ZnO, 3.0 K2O, 2.5 CaO, 0.35 Sb2O3, 0.2 As2O3 | SiO2 | GeO2 | GeSe2
Viscosity
log(η, Pa·s) = A +
B / (T in °C - To)  | 550–1450 °C:
A = -2.309
B = 3922
To = 291  | 550–1450 °C:
A = -2.834
B = 6668
To = 108  | 550–1400 °C:
A = -2.323
B = 3232
To = 318  | 500–690 °C:
A = -35.59
B = 60930
To = -741  | 1140–2320 °C:
A = -7.766
B = 27913
To = -271.7  | 515–1540 °C:
A = -11.044
B = 30979
To = −837
Glass transition
temperature, Tg, °C  | 573  | 536  | 551  | ~540  | 1140  | 526 ± 27[3][4][5] | 395 [6]
Coefficient of
thermal expansion,
ppm/K, ~100–300 °C  | 9  | 3.5  | 10  | 7  | 0.55  | 7.3  |
Density
at 20 °C, [g/cm3], x1000 to get [kg/m3] | 2.52  | 2.235  | 2.550  | 3.86  | 2.203  | 3.65 [7] | 4.16 [6]
Refractive index nD[8] at 20 °C  | 1.518  | 1.473  | 1.531  | 1.650  | 1.459  | 1.608  | 1.7
Dispersion at 20 °C,
104×(nF \- nC)[8] | 86.7  | 72.3  | 89.5  | 169  | 67.8  | 145  |
Young's modulus
at 20 °C, GPa  | 72  | 65  | 75  | 67  | 72  | 43.3 [9] |
Shear modulus
at 20 °C, GPa  | 29.8  | 28.2  |  | 26.8  | 31.3  |  |
Liquidus
temperature, °C  | 1040  | 1070[10] |  |  | 1715  | 1115  |
Heat
capacity at 20 °C,
J/(mol·K)  | 49  | 50  | 50  | 51  | 44  | 52  |
Surface tension,
at ~1300 °C, mJ/m2 | 315  | 370  | 290  |  |  |  |
Chemical durability,
Hydrolytic class,
after ISO 719[11] | 3  | 1  | 3  |  |  |  |

## References

1. ↑ "High temperature glass melt property database for process modeling"; Eds.: Thomas P. Seward III and Terese Vascott; The American Ceramic Society, Westerville, Ohio, 2005, ISBN 1-57498-225-7
2. ↑ Soda–lime glass for containers is slightly different from soda–lime glass for windows (also called flat glass or float glass). Float glass has a higher magnesium oxide content as compared to container glass, and a lower silica and calcium oxide content. For further details see main article Soda–lime glass.
3. ↑ A.J. Leadbettera and A.C. Wright (1972). "Diffraction studies of glass structure: II. The structure of vitreous germania". Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 7 (1): 37–52. doi:10.1016/0022-3093(72)90016-6. Bibcode: 1972JNCS....7...37L.
4. ↑ M. Micoulaut (2006). "Simulated structural and thermal properties of glassy and liquid germania". Physical Review E 73 (3). doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.73.031504. PMID 16605529. Bibcode: 2006PhRvE..73c1504M.
5. ↑ 35 Tg data for GeO2 from SciGlass 6.7
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Kotkata et al. (1994). "Effect of thallium on the optical properties of amorphous GeSe2 and GeSe4 films". J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 27 (3): 623–627. doi:10.1088/0022-3727/27/3/031. Bibcode: 1994JPhD...27..623K.
7. ↑ P. S. Salmon (2006). "Glass Fragility and Atomic Ordering on the Intermediate and Extended Range". Physical Review Letters 96 (23). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.235502. PMID 16803382. Bibcode: 2006PhRvL..96w5502S.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 The subscript D indicates that the refractive index n was measured at a wavelength λ of 589.29 nm, F and C indicate 486.13 nm (blue) and 656.27 nm (red) respectively (see article Fraunhofer lines)
9. ↑ L. G. Hwa and W.C. Chao (2005). "Velocity of sound and elastic properties of lanthanum gallo-germanate glasses". Materials Chemistry and Physics 94: 37–41. doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.04.010. Bibcode: 2005APS..MARU26006H.
10. ↑ Valid for glass composition, wt%: 80.7 SiO2, 13.1 B2O3, 4.1 Na2O, 2.1 Al2O3; Reference: Baak N. T. E. A. and Rapp C. F., GB Patent No. 1132885 Cl C 03 C 3/04, Abridg. Specif., 1968; Assignee: Owens-Illinois, Inc. (US).
11. ↑ International Organization for Standardization, Procedure 719 (1985)

* v
* t
* e

Glass science topics

Basics|

* Glass
* Glass transition
* Supercooling

Formulation|

* AgInSbTe
* Bioglass
* Borophosphosilicate glass
* Borosilicate glass
* Ceramic glaze
* Chalcogenide glass
* Cobalt glass
* Cranberry glass
* Crown glass
* Flint glass
* Fluorosilicate glass
* Fused quartz
* GeSbTe
* Gold ruby glass
* Lead glass
* Milk glass
* Phosphosilicate glass
* Photochromic lens glass
* Silicate glass
* Soda–lime glass
* Sodium hexametaphosphate
* Soluble glass
* Tellurite glass
* Thoriated glass
* Ultra low expansion glass
* Uranium glass
* Vitreous enamel
* Wood's glass
* ZBLAN

Glass-ceramics|

* Bioactive glass
* CorningWare
* Glass-ceramic-to-metal seals
* Macor
* Zerodur

Preparation|

* Annealing
* Chemical vapor deposition
* Glass batch calculation
* Glass forming
* Glass melting
* Glass modeling
* Ion implantation
* Liquidus temperature
* Sol-gel technique
* Viscosity
* Vitrification

Optics|

* Achromat
* Dispersion
* Gradient-index optics
* Hydrogen darkening
* Optical amplifier
* Optical fiber
* Optical lens design
* Photochromic lens
* Photosensitive glass
* Refraction
* Transparent materials

Surface
modification|

* Anti-reflective coating
* Chemically strengthened glass
* Corrosion
* Dealkalization
* DNA microarray
* Hydrogen darkening
* Insulated glazing
* Porous glass
* Self-cleaning glass
* Sol-gel technique
* Tempered glass

Diverse
topics|

* Glass-coated wire
* Safety glass
* Glass databases
* Glass electrode
* Glass fiber reinforced concrete
* Glass ionomer cement
* Glass microspheres
* Glass-reinforced plastic
* Glass-to-metal seal
* Porous glass
* Prince Rupert's drops
* Radioactive waste vitrification
* Windshield
* Glass fiber

* v
* t
* e

Glass production techniques

Commercial techniques|

* Float glass process
* Fritted glass
* Blowing and pressing (containers)
* Extrusion / Drawing (fibers, glasswool)
* Drawing (optical fibers)
* Precision glass moulding
* Overflow downdraw method
* Pressing
* Casting
* Cutting
* Flame polishing
* Chemical polishing
* Diamond turning
* Rolling

Artistic and historic techniques|

* Beadmaking
* Blowing
* Blown plate
* Broad sheet
* Caneworking
* Cased glass
* Crown glass
* Cylinder blown sheet
* Engraving
* Etching
* Enamelled glass
* Flashed glass
* Forest glass
* Fourcault process
* Fusing
* Glass mosaic
* Lampworking
* Machine drawn cylinder sheet
* Millefiori
* Polished plate
* Rippled glass
* Satsuma Kiriko cut glass
* Slumping
* Stained glass production

Natural processes|

* Radiative processes
* Opal formation
* Sea glass
* Shock metamorphic glasses/Impactite
* Vitrified sand
* Volcanic glasses

See also|

* Glossary of glass art terms
* Glass recycling

* v
* t
* e

Glass makers and brands

Contemporary
companies|

* Anchor Hocking
* Arc International
* Ardagh Group
* Armashield
* Asahi
* Aurora Glass Foundry
* Aventas group
* Baccarat
* Berengo Studio
* Blenko Glass Company
* Bodum
* Bormioli Rocco
* Borosil
* Caithness Glass
* Cox & Barnard
* Corning
* Dartington Crystal
* Daum
* Duralex
* Edinburgh Crystal
* Fanavid
* Fenton Art Glass Company
* Firozabad glass industry
* Flabeg
* Franz Mayer
* Fuyao
* Glava
* Glaverbel
* Guardian Industries
* Hadeland
* Hardman & Co.
* Heaton, Butler and Bayne
* Holmegaard Glassworks
* Holophane
* Hoya
* Kingdom of Crystal
* Kokomo Opalescent Glass Works
* Kosta Glasbruk
* Libbey-Owens-Ford
* Liuli Gongfang
* Iittala
* Luoyang
* Johns Manville
* Mats Jonasson Målerås
* Moser Glass
* Mosser Glass
* Nippon Sheet Glass
* O-I Glass
* Ohara
* Orrefors
* Osram
* Owens Corning
* Pauly & C. - Compagnia Venezia Murano
* Phu Phong
* Pilkington
* PPG Industries
* Preciosa
* Riedel
* Rona
* Royal Leerdam Crystal
* Saint-Gobain
* Saint-Louis
* Schott
* Sterlite Optical Technologies
* Steuben
* Swarovski
* Tipperary Crystal
* Tyrone Crystal
* Val Saint Lambert
* Vallérysthal
* Verrerie of Brehat
* Waterford
* Watts & Co.
* World Kitchen
* Xinyi Glass
* Zwiesel

Defunct
companies|

* Bakewell Glass
* Belmont Glass Company
* Boston and Sandwich Glass Company
* Brockway Glass
* Carr Lowrey Glass Company
* Cambridge Glass
* Chance Brothers
* Clayton and Bell
* Dugan Glass Company
* Duncan & Miller
* Dunbar Glass
* Fostoria Glass Company
* General Glass Industries
* Gus Crystal
* Alexander Gibbs
* Grönvik glasbruk
* Hartford City Glass Company
* Hazel-Atlas
* Heisey
* Hemingray Glass Company
* J. H. Hobbs, Brockunier and Company
* Indiana Glass Company
* Knox Glass Bottle Company
* Lavers, Barraud and Westlake
* Manufacture royale de glaces de miroirs
* Millersburg Glass Company
* Morris & Co.
* Nachtmann
* Northwood Glass Company
* Novelty Glass Company
* Old Dominion Glass Company
* James Powell and Sons
* Ravenhead Glass
* The Root Glass Company
* Seneca Glass Company
* Shrigley and Hunt
* Sneath Glass Company
* Venini & C.
* Ward and Hughes
* Westmoreland Glass Company
* Wheaton Industries
* Whitall Tatum Company
* White Glass Company
* Worshipful Company

Glassmakers|

* John Adams
* Richard M. Atwater
* Frederick Carder
* Irving Wightman Colburn
* Henry Crimmel
* Friedrich
* Henry Clay Fry
* A. H. Heisey
* Edward D. Libbey
* Dante Marioni
* Antonio Neri
* Michael Joseph Owens
* Alastair Pilkington
* Flavio Poli
* Salviati
* Otto Schott
* Henry William Stiegel
* S. Donald Stookey
* Lino Tagliapietra
* W. E. S. Turner
* Tomasz Urbanowicz
* Paolo Venini
* John M. Whitall

Trademarks
and brands|

* Activ
* Bohemian glass
* Bomex
* Duran
* Endural
* Burmese glass
* Chevron bead
* Corelle
* CorningWare
* Cranberry glass
* Cristallo
* Dragontrail
* Favrile
* Fire-King
* Forest glass
* Gorilla Glass
* Macor
* Millefiori
* Murano glass
* Opaline glass
* Peking glass
* Pyrex
* Rona
* Ravenhead Glass
* Satsuma Kiriko cut glass
* Tiffany glass
* Visions
* Vitrite
* Vitrolite
* Vycor
* Waterford Crystal
* Wood's glass
* Zerodur

Related
articles|

* List of defunct glassmaking companies

0.00

(0 votes)

Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List of physical properties of glass. Read more

|

Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Physics:List_of_physical_properties_of_glass&oldid=4106783"
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template