Alumni

Alumni (sg.: alumnus (MASC) or alumna (FEM)) are former students or graduates of a school, college, or university. The feminine plural alumnae is sometimes used for groups of women, and alums (sg.: alum) or alumns (sg.: alumn) as gender-neutral alternatives. The word comes from Latin, meaning nurslings, pupils or foster children, derived from alere "to nourish".[1]

Alumni may or may not have completed their degree. For example, Burt Reynolds was an alumnus of Florida State University but not a graduate.

Alumni can also be former inmates, former employees, former contributors, or former members of an organization.[2][3][4]

## Contents

* 1 Etymology
* 2 Usage in Roman law
* 3 Usage
* 4 See also
* 5 References
* 6 Bibliography
* 7 External links

## Etymology

The Latin noun alumnus means "foster son" or "pupil". It is derived from the Latin verb alere "to nourish".[5] Separate, but from the same root, is the adjective almus "nourishing", found in the phrase alma mater, a title for a person's home university.[6]

Pronunciation[7][8] | alumnus  | alumna  | alumni  | alumnae

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English  | /əˈlʌmnəs/
ə-LUM-nəs | /əˈlʌmnə/
-⁠nə | /əˈlʌmnaɪ/
-⁠nye | /əˈlʌmniː/ -⁠nee,
also US: /-naɪ/ -⁠nye
Latin (Classical)  | la | la | la | la
Latin (Ecclesiastical)  | la | la | la | la

## Usage in Roman law

In Latin, alumnus is a legal term (Roman law) to describe a child placed in fosterage.[9] According to John Boswell, the word "is nowhere defined in relation to status, privilege, or obligation."[10] Citing the research of Henri Leclercq, Teresa Nani, and Beryl Rawson, who studied the many inscriptions about alumni, Boswell concluded that it referred to exposed children who were taken into a household where they were "regarded as somewhere between an heir and a slave, partaking in different ways of both categories." Despite the warmth of feelings between the parent and child, "an alumnus might be treated both as a beloved child and as a household servant."[11]

## Usage

An alumnus or alumna is a former student or a graduate of an educational institution (school, college, university).[12] According to the United States Department of Education, the term alumnae is used in conjunction with either women's colleges[13] or a female group of students. The term alumni is used in conjunction with either men's colleges, a male group of students, or a mixed group of students:

> In accordance with the rules of grammar governing the inflexion of nouns in the Romance languages, the masculine plural alumni is correctly used for groups composed of both sexes: the alumni of Princeton University.[14]

The term is sometimes informally shortened to "alum" (optional plural "alums").[15] This is increasingly being used more formally as a gender-neutral alternative.[5] However, and for this latter purpose, the option "alumn" and "alumns" are also used in some institutions in Australia, Europe and the UK.[16]

The words "alum/alums" and "alumn/alumns" (pronounced with a silent "n") are both pronounced with the accent on the second syllable (al-UM), as opposed to the chemical compound alum and its plural, "alums" (pron. AL-um).[17]

Many universities have alumni offices that coordinate fundraising and offer benefits to registered alumni. Alumni reunions are popular events at many institutions. These may be organized by alumni offices or by alumni associations, and are often social occasions for fundraising. Full membership of alumni associations is sometimes limited just to graduates rather than all alumni, e.g. at Harvard University.[18] Universities with validation agreements may limit some alumni benefits to graduates who studied at that university rather than at validated institutions.[19]

In British English, the terms "old boy" or "old girl" are often preferred for a former pupil of a primary or secondary school, while universities refer to their former students as alumni.[20][21]

Some universities, including the University of Cambridge, the University of California, San Francisco and Yale University, include former postdoctoral researchers as alumni, in recognition of the trainee status of such positions.[22][23][24] Others, such as the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, consider them 'associate alumni', without full access to alumni benefits.[25]

Some higher education institutions, particularly those with a history as women's colleges or women-only universities (such as St. Hilda’s College, University of Oxford), have chosen to retain the terms alumna (FEM. SG.) and alumnae (FEM. PL.) after becoming co-ed, reflecting institutional continuity with their historical identity.

## See also

* Alumni Cantabrigienses: A Biographical List of All Known Students, Graduates and Holders of Office at the University of Cambridge, from the Earliest Times to 1900
* Alumni Oxonienses: The Members of the University of Oxford

## References

1. ↑ "Alumnus". https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/alumnus. "C17: from Latin: nursling, pupil, foster son, from alere to nourish"
2. ↑ "The State Of Corporate Alumni : 2017 Survey Results" (in en-US). EnterpriseAlumni. 2017-10-02. https://enterprisealumni.com/2017-corporate-alumni-survey/.
3. ↑ "Alumni – Definition from the Free Merriam Webster Dictionary". Merriam-webster.com. 2010-08-13. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/alumni. "1: A person who has attended or has graduated from a particular school, college, or university. 2: a person who is a former member, employee, contributor, or inmate"
4. ↑ "Alumnus – definition of alumnus by Macmillan dictionary". Macmillandictionary.com. http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/alumnus. "Someone who was a student at a particular school, college, or university"
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Alumnus". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/alumnus. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
6. ↑ John Ayto (1 January 2009). Word Origins. A&C Black. p. 41. ISBN 9781408101605. https://books.google.com/books?id=hsRISNLSSHAC&pg=PT41.
7. ↑ Collins English Dictionary (13th ed.). HarperCollins. 2018. ISBN 978-0-008-28437-4.
8. ↑ "Alumna". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/alumna. Retrieved 2022-05-15.
9. ↑ For example, Digest 40, 2, 14
10. ↑ Boswell 1988, pp. 116.
11. ↑ Boswell 1988, pp. 117–119.
12. ↑ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
13. ↑ "Archived: Women's Colleges in the United States: History, Issues, and Challenges". Ed.gov. http://www.ed.gov/offices/OERI/PLLI/webreprt.html.
14. ↑ "alumni – Definitions from Dictionary.com". Dictionary.reference.com. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/alumni.
15. ↑ "Dictionary.com | Meanings & Definitions of English Words" (in en). https://www.dictionary.com/browse/alum.
16. ↑ Accessed 22/03/2023: Australia: https://lincoln.edu.au/alumn_new/ https://robbcollege.com/robb-academics Europe & UK: https://www.ecchr.eu/en/case/alumn-network/ https://ju.se/en/alumni/winners-alumn-of-the-year-2023.html https://www.oulu.fi/en/cooperation/alumni-activities/alumn-year https://www.mod-langs.ox.ac.uk/tags/alumn America: https://ischool.umd.edu/alumni/distinguished-alumni-awards/ (Alumn of the Year)
17. ↑ "alum". Cambridge dictionary https://dictionary.cambridge.org/pronunciation/english/alum
18. ↑ "About the Harvard Alumni Association". https://alumni.harvard.edu/community/about-haa. "Members of the HAA include recipients of all degrees granted by the University and Radcliffe College, as well as the members of all University faculties. Others whose names appear on the alumni records of the University, but who have not received degrees, are associate members and program participants. They may attend meetings and take part in any activities of the HAA but may not vote for Overseers of the University or directors of the HAA."
19. ↑ "Alumni Fee Scholarship 2024-25". Eligibility. https://www.durham.ac.uk/study/scholarships/alumni/.
20. ↑ "old boy - noun". Oxford University Press. https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/old-boy.
21. ↑ "old girl - noun". Oxford University Press. https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/old-girl.
22. ↑ "Alumni benefits extended to thousands of former researchers". 10 June 2015. https://www.cam.ac.uk/news/alumni-benefits-extended-to-thousands-of-former-researchers.
23. ↑ "Alumni". https://postdocs.ucsf.edu/alumni.
24. ↑ "Leaving Yale". https://postdocs.yale.edu/postdocs/leaving-yale.
25. ↑ Hazel Sive; Claude Canizares; Maria Zuber (November 2013). "The Status of MIT's Postdoctoral Researchers". MIT Faculty Newsletter XXVI (2). https://web.mit.edu/fnl/volume/262/sive_etal.html.

## Bibliography

* Boswell, John (1988). The Kindness of Strangers:The Abandonment of Children in Western Europe from Late Antiquity to the Renaissance. New York: Pantheon. ISBN 9780226067124.

## External links

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Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Social:Alumni&oldid=4367534"
*[sg.]: singular form
*[MASC]: masculine form
*[FEM]: feminine form
*[FEM. SG.]: singular feminine form
*[FEM. PL.]: plural feminine form