Lehren

Dutch family whose name is derived from Lehrensteinfeld, a village in Württemberg.

Akiba Lehren:

Dutch banker and communal worker; born July 30, 1795; died in Amsterdam Nov. 19, 1876; younger brother of Ẓebi Hirsch Lehren and Jacob Meïr Lehren. He was "president of the Pekidim and Amarcalim of the Jewish congregations in the Holy Land, dwelling in Amsterdam," and in 1844 became involved in the literary dispute of his brother Hirsch concerning the administration of the Ḥaluḳḳah (see Fürst in "Der Orient," 1844, p. 17).

Both Akiba and his brother Meïr possessed very rich and valuable collections of Hebrew books, a sale catalogue of which was arranged and published by J. L. Joachimsthal, Amsterdam, 1899 (comp. "Zeit. für Hebr. Bibl." 1899, p. 152).

Akiba published a very poor edition of Isaac ben Moses' "Or Zarua'," parts i. and ii., according to an Amsterdam manuscript, Jitomir, 1862 (Steinschneider, "Zeit. für Hebr. Bibl." viii. 1 et seq.).

Bibliography:

  * Allg. Zeit. des Jud. 1876, p. 809;
  * Ha-Maggid, 1876, p. 412;
  * Univ. Isr. 1876, p. 217.



Jacob Meïr Lehren:

Dutch banker and communal worker; born 1793; died in Amsterdam May, 1861; younger brother of Ẓebi Hirsch Lehren. He was president of the Jewish congregation of Amsterdam for more than thirty years, and of many Jewish educational and charitable institutions. Lehren was also connected with the Ḥaluḳḳah affair of his brother Hirsch (see Fürst in "Der Orient," 1843, p. 361). He devoted much interest to the education of Jewish rabbis and religious teachers. As regards the library left by him see Akiba Lehren.

Bibliography:

  * Allg. Zeit. des Jud. 1861, p. 344;
  * Jew. Encyc. i. 544a,
  * s.v. Amsterdam;
  * ib. iii. 312a,
  * s.v. Book-Collectors.



Ẓebi Hirsch (Hirschel) Lehren:

Dutch merchant and communal worker; born 1784; died in Amsterdam Nov., 1853. Lehren was prominent in the history of the Ḥaluḳḳah in the first half of the nineteenth century. Beginning with 1810, he, as a rich and influential merchant, was entrusted, together with Abraham Prinz and Solomon Reuben, with the responsibility of forwarding to Palestine the contributions which were sent annually to Amsterdam. In 1822 he ruled that in future only one representative, instead of two, should be sent from Palestine for both the Sephardic and the Ashkenazic congregations, and that the money collected for the Ḥaluḳḳah should be divided in proportion to the number of persons in the Palestinian congregations in question. When, in 1829, the young congregation of the Ashkenazim in Jerusalem had become involved in financial difficulties through the building of a new synagogue and school, and was obliged to appeal for support to its coreligionists in Europe, Lehren, as president of the Ḥaluḳḳah committee, prohibited in a very harshly worded circular the transmission of any further contributions to Jerusalem. On this account he was vehemently attacked, and suspicion was even cast on his integrity in administering the funds. This produced a bitter literary quarrel (see Fürst in "Der Orient," 1843, pp. 361 et seq., 377 et seq.; 1844, pp. 1 et seq.; "Sendschreiben an Unsere Glaubensgenossen den 18ten Schebat, 5603"). In his defense Lehren published "Drei Briefe aus Jerusalem zur Vertheidigung der Ehrlichkeit des Amsterdamer Comité's in Betreff der Palästinaspenden" with the Hebrew title "Ḳonṭres Emet me-Ereẓ" (part i., Amsterdam, 1843; part ii., ib. 1844), after he had already published the Hebrew article of Solomon Kohen, "Emet me-Ereẓ," with the German title "Sendschreiben oder Wahrheit aus dem Heiligen Lande" (ib. 1843; Fürst, "Bibl. Jud." ii. 228).

In 1840 the oppressed Jews of Damascus appealed to Lehren for aid, as they did to many other influential Jews; and he bravely took up their cause. Together with Aaron Prinz, Lehren sent a circular letter to many rabbis, which in the autumn of 1844 resulted in a protest, signed by seventy-eight Orthodox rabbis of Germany, Bohemia, Moravia, and Hungary, against the rabbinical conference of Brunswick (June 12-19, 1844; see "Univ. Isr." 1845, ii. 12 et seq.). The letters of recognition for this service, sent to Lehren and Prinz by many rabbis, were published under the title "Torat ha-Ḳena'ot" (ib. 1845).

Bibliography:

  * Bernfeld, Toledot ha-Reformazion be-Yisraél, p. 199, Cracow, 1900;
  * Allg. Zeit. des Jud. 1845, p. 125; 1853, p. 664;
  * Grätz, Gesch. xi. 480, 482, 517;
  * Jost's Annalen, ii. 219; iii. 217, 225, 235, 250, 268;
  * Roest, Cat. Rosenthal. Bibl. i. 663.



S. M. Sc.