Taiwan Space Agency

Short description: National civilian space agency of Taiwan

Taiwan Space Agency國家太空中心
Guójiā Tàikōng Zhōngxīn

Taiwan Space Agency Logo

Agency overview
Abbreviation| TASA
Former name| National Space Organization
Formed| October 1991; 32 years ago (1991-10)
(as National Space Program Office)
1 April 2005; 19 years ago (2005-04-01)
(as National Space Organization)
Type| Space agency
Jurisdiction| Taiwan
Headquarters| Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu
Administrator| Wu Tsung-hsin, Director General
Primary spaceport| Jiu Peng Air Base, Pingtung County
Xuhai Rocket Launch Site, Pingtung County
Owner| National Applied Research Laboratories
Employees| Roughly 300
Annual budget| NT$10 billion dollars (2023)
Website| {{{1}}}
Taiwan Space Agency

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Taiwan Space Agency (short as TASA), formerly the National Space Organization from 1991 to 2023, is the national civilian space agency of the Republic of China (Taiwan), under the auspices of the National Science and Technology Council. TASA is involved in the development of space technologies and related research.[1]

## Contents

* 1 Organization
* 2 History
* 2.1 1991
* 2.2 1994
* 2.3 1996
* 2.4 1997
* 2.5 1998
* 2.6 1999
* 2.7 2018
* 2.8 2019
* 2.9 2020
* 2.10 2021
* 2.11 2023
* 3 Taiwanese rocket launch program
* 4 Taiwanese satellite launch vehicle program
* 5 Taiwanese designed and built satellites
* 5.1 Formosat (formerly ROCSAT)
* 5.2 Others
* 5.3 Planned missions
* 6 Developments and long term plans
* 7 See also
* 8 References
* 9 External links

## Organization

TASA headquarters and the main ground control station are in Hsinchu. The TASA is organized as follows:[2] In April 2022, the Legislative Yuan passed a bill that upgraded the NSPO to a directly affiliated agency of the Ministry of Science and Technology, and renamed Taiwan Space Agency.[3]

Director General's Office

Engineering division  | Systems
Electrical
Mechanical
Flight control
Satellite operations control
Satellite image
Integration and test
Product assurance
Division  | Planning and promotion
Administration
Finance and accounting
Program office  | Mission oriented projects
Formosat 7
Formosat 5

TASA also has numerous laboratories,[4] such as:

* System Simulation Laboratory
* Thermal Control Laboratory
* Microwave Communication Laboratory
* Data Processing Laboratory
* Attitude Determination and Control Laboratory
* Electro-optics Laboratory
* Structure Development Laboratory
* Electrical Power Laboratory
* Multi-layer Insulation (MLI) Laboratory

## History

### 1991

* 10/03
The Executive Yuan approved the "Space Technology Long Term (15 years) Developmental Program"; established National Space Program Office.[5]

### 1994

* 09/09
Held a groundbreaking ceremony for the construction of Satellite Integration & Test Building[5]
* 11/01
Signed a frequency coordination contract with a US company Telecom Strategies[5]
* 12/12
Signed a ground system contract with the US company Allied Signal Technical Service Corponation (ATSC)[5]

### 1996

* 06/30
The completion of the five domestic component engineering model development; start the manufacture of flight unit.[5]

### 1997

* 04/25
Held a FORMOSAT-1 antenna installment ceremony at Tainan National Cheng Kung University.[5]
* 05/16
The Spacecraft Bus was delivered to the Satellite Integration & Test Building of National Space Program Office from Los Angelus, USA[5]
* 07/11
The Vice President Lien officiated the opening ceremony of the Satellite Integration & Test Building.[5]

### 1998

* 06/21
National Science Council announced the result for the "Naming and Drawing Competitions", and finalized that the satellite will be named "FORMOSAT-1" [5]
* 10/07
The completion of FORMOSAT-1 satellite system integration and tests.[5]

### 1999

* 01/27
FORMOSAT-1 was being launched into the orbit and started executing its scientific missions.[5]
* 02/13
The Ocean Color Imager of FORMOSAT-1 took its first ocean color image.[5]
* 03/16
Dr Wong Hung-Chih took on the Director General position of the National Space Program Office.[5]
* 06/30
Held a contract signing ceremony for the FORMOSAT-2 X-band antenna system.[5]
* 12/15
The commencement of the development of FORMOSAT-2.[5]

### 2018

* 02/01
Dr. Chun-Liang Lin took on the Director General position of National Space Organization[5]
* 02/23
President Tsai Meets with FORMOSAT-5 Satellite Team[5]
* 08/03
President of the Executive Yuan Ching-te Lai inspected FORMOSAT-7 preparation[5]
* 09/21
FORMOSAT-5 Imagery Service Begins[5]

### 2019

* 02/21
President Ing-wen Tsai Visited NSPO[5]
* 06/25
FORMOSAT-7 satellites launched into space by SpaceX on Falcon Heavy[5]
* 07/17
FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 successfully observed the first Radio Occultation profile[5]

### 2020

* 03/07
FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 atmospheric data were released[5]
* 04/30
FORMOSAT-3 constellation Completes its Mission with Honor[5]

### 2021

* 01/24
YUSAT and IDEASSAT CubeSats launched[5]
* 02/03
Formosat-7 constellation deployment was completed[5]
* 05/31
"Space Development Act" Passes Legislature's 3rd Reading[5]
* 08/02
professor of NCTU and head of Advanced Rocket Research Center Jong-Shin Wu established as new manager of NSPO[6]
* 09/30
Taiwanese seeds return from space[7][8]
* 10/27
signs contract on collaboration with NanoAvionics[9][10][11][12][13][14]

### 2023

The organization is placed under the direct oversight of the National Science and Technology Council and renamed the Taiwan Space Agency.[15][16] The Chinese name was not changed.[17]

## Taiwanese rocket launch program

TASA developed several suborbital launch vehicles based on the Sky Bow II surface-to-air missile. There have been six to seven launches as of 2010.

Mission | Date | Payload | Result

|
|
|

SR-I | 15 December 1998 | None | Successful first test flight.
SR-II | 24 October 2001 | Tri-Methyl Aluminum (TMA) | Second stage ignition failure, mission lost
SR-III | 24 December 2003 | Tri-Methyl Aluminum (TMA) | Mission successful
SR-IV | 14 December 2004 | Airglow photometer, GPS receiver | Mission successful
SR-V | 15 January 2006 | Ion probe | Mission successful
SR-VII | May 10, 2010 | Ion probe | Mission successful[18]

## Taiwanese satellite launch vehicle program

Little has been publicly revealed about the specification of Taiwan's first launch vehicle for small satellites (SLV) (小型發射載具). It should be able to place a 100 kg payload to a 500–700 km orbit. This SLV will be a major technological improvement based on existing sounding rockets and will consist of four solid propellant stages with two strap-on solid rocket boosters. Therefore, it will be in the same class of the Indian SLV-3. The inaugural launch was scheduled to take place during the second phase of the 2004–2018 space project (第二期太空計畫), placing a Taiwanese-made satellite into orbit and after the preparatory launches of 10 to 15 sounding rockets (探空火箭).[19]

## Taiwanese designed and built satellites

### Formosat (formerly ROCSAT)

The FORMOSAT (福爾摩沙衛星) name derived from Formosa and satellite (formerly ROCSAT (中華衛星) = Republic of China (ROC) + satellite (sat)).

* Formosat-1 (formerly ROCSAT-1): Communications and ionospheric research satellite, launched in January 1999.
* Formosat-2 (formerly ROCSAT-2): Ionospheric research and surface mapping satellite, launched May 2004.
* Formosat-3/COSMIC: Constellation of six microsatellites to perform GPS occultation studies of the upper atmosphere. Collaborative project with US agencies including NASA, NOAA and the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, launched in April 2006.
* Formosat-5: Optical earth observation and magnetic field research as a successor to the Japanese Reimei mission. Cooperation with Japan and Canada. Launch was originally planned for 2011,[20] it was launched in 2017.[21]
* Formosat-6 was a micro satellite project, its development was cancelled.[22]
* Formosat-7 is a group of 6 satellites in low inclination orbits to provide meteorology data at low and mid latitudes.[23] Launch took place in June 2019.
* Triton, The FORMOSAT-7R (TRITON) is a micro-satellite designed and manufactured by NSPO. It is planned along with the FORMOSAT-7 program, thus it continues to use FORMOSAT serial number and subjoins a letter “R” for identification. Known as the “wind hunter” the satellite will measure sea winds and provide a supplement to the FORMOSAT-7 constellation. The name ”Triton” is given due to its mission.[24] Triton was launched on October 8, 2023, by Arianespace SA from the Kourou launch complex in French Guiana. The Triton satellite will be 87% Taiwanese made, an improvement from the Formosat-7's 78%.[25][26]

### Others

* YamSat: Series of picosatellites (volume 1000 cubic cm, weight roughly 850 grams) designed to carry out simple short duration spectroscopy missions.[27] Originally planned for launch in 2003 by a Russian launch vehicle but cancelled due to political pressure from the Russian government.[28]
* Arase: JAXA mission to study the inner magnetosphere, launched 2016. Taiwan provided an instrument.
* RISESAT: microsatellite developed by Tohoku University, Japan, launched in 2019. Taiwan provided an instrument.[29]
* Flying Squirrel, developed by National Central University and launched in 2021.[30]
* Yushan, developed by MoGaMe Mobile Entertainment and launched in 2021.[30]

### Planned missions

* Triton, The FORMOSAT-7R (TRITON) is a micro-satellite designed and manufactured by NSPO. It is planned along with the FORMOSAT-7 program, thus it continues to use FORMOSAT serial number and subjoins a letter “R” for identification. Known as the “wind hunter” the satellite will measure sea winds and provide a supplement to the FORMOSAT-7 constellation. The name ”Triton” is given due to its mission.[31] Triton is to be launched in 2021 by Arianespace SA from the Kourou launch complex in French Guiana. The Triton satellite will be 87% Taiwanese made, an improvement from the Formosat-7's 78%.[25]
* Formosat-8, remote sensing satellite planned to follow Triton.[25]
* Nut, developed by National Formosa University. To be launched in June 2021.[30]

## Developments and long term plans

The first phase of Taiwan's space program involves the development of the human and technological resources required to build and maintain three satellite programs, which is expected to be completed with the launch of Formosat-3/COSMIC by the end of 2005. Currently, the spacecraft and instrumentation are designed and assembled in Taiwan by local and foreign corporations and shipped to the U.S. for launch by commercial space launch firms. TASA, the military, and Chungshan Institute of Science and Technology have also been working on the development of a sounding rocket for upper atmospheric studies.[citation needed]

The second phase is scheduled to take place between 2006 and 2018. It will involve an emphasis on developing technological integration and miniaturization capabilities required for the development of constellations of microsatellites, as well as encouraging growth in the local aerospace industry.[citation needed]

Since 2009, TASA has been working with university research teams in developing innovative technology to improve the overall efficiency of hybrid rockets. Nitrous oxide/HTPB propellant systems were employed with efficiency boosting designs, which resulted in great improvements in hybrid rocket performance using two patented designs. So far, several hybrid rockets have been successfully launched to 10~20 km altitudes, including a demonstration of in-flight stops/restarts. By the end of 2014, they will attempt conducting suborbital experiments to 100~200 km altitude.[citation needed]

There have been proposals to elevate NSPO's status to that of a national research institute, however such plans were under debate Legislative Yuan as of late 2007.[citation needed]

In 2019 the Ministry of Science and Technology announced an expected cost of NT$25.1 billion (US$814 million) for the third phase of the National Space Program.[32] The third phase will see at least one satellite launched per year between 2019 and 2028.[33]

In August 2019 Thailand's Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency announced that they would consult with TASA on developing their own indigenous satellites.[34]

In 2021 the Taiwanese legislature passed the Space Development Promotion Act which is meant to incentivize increased private sector participation in space industries.[35]

## See also

* Advanced Rocket Research Center
* List of government space agencies

## References

1. ↑ "About NSPO | Vision and Mission". http://www.nspo.narl.org.tw/en2016/aboutNSPO/mission.html.
2. ↑ "About NSPO | Organization". http://www.nspo.narl.org.tw/en2016/aboutNSPO/org.html.
3. ↑ Wang, Yang-yu; Teng, Pei-ju (19 April 2022). "Taiwan's legislature clears bill to upgrade national space agency". Central News Agency. https://focustaiwan.tw/sci-tech/202204190022.
4. ↑ "About NSPO | Infrastructures". http://www.nspo.narl.org.tw/en2016/aboutNSPO/lab.html.
5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20 5.21 5.22 5.23 5.24 5.25 5.26 "NSPO History Timeline". https://www.nspo.narl.org.tw/history.php?ln=en.
6. ↑ "火箭阿伯扭轉太空夢國研院太空中心主任佈達". https://www.nspo.narl.org.tw/news_view.php?c=210802001&ln=zh_TW.
7. ↑ "Taiwan seeds return from space!". https://www.nspo.narl.org.tw/news_view.php?c=211013002&ln=en.
8. ↑ "上太空的台灣種子回來了!". https://www.nspo.narl.org.tw/news_view.php?c=210910001&ln=zh_TW.
9. ↑ "臺灣與立陶宛展開太空科技合作". https://www.nspo.narl.org.tw/news_view.php?c=211209005&ln=zh_TW.
10. ↑ "MOU Signed Between Taiwan and Lithuania to Initiate Space Technology and S&T cooperation". https://www.nspo.narl.org.tw/news_view.php?c=211209004&ln=en.
11. ↑ 江, 睿智. "我太空中心與立陶宛NanoAvionics 簽MOU". https://udn.com/news/story/7240/5852455.
12. ↑ "臺灣與立陶宛展開太空科技合作". https://gase.most.ntu.edu.tw/focus/1099?locale=zh-TW.
13. ↑ "開啟太空科技合作起點！台灣、立陶宛簽署合作備忘錄". October 28, 2021. https://tw.news.yahoo.com/快新聞-開啟太空科技合作起點-台灣-立陶宛簽署合作備忘錄-072629319.html.
14. ↑ "台灣立陶宛簽合作備忘錄 先導計畫發展商用太空科技". https://ncu.edu.tw/rd/tw/news/show.php?root=&num=2061&kind=62&page=7&root=6.
15. ↑ "Taiwan Space Agency receives upgraded status". Taiwan Today. 3 January 2023. https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=6&post=231034.
16. ↑ Yen, William (6 January 2023). "Taiwan's space agency rebrands as TASA after official upgrade". Central News Agency. https://focustaiwan.tw/sci-tech/202301060017. Republished as: "Taiwan Space Agency renamed after upgrade". Taipei Times. 7 January 2023. https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2023/01/07/2003792150.
17. ↑ Chen, Chia-yi; Hetherington, William (2 January 2023). "Space agency renamed TASA in official overhaul". Taipei Times. https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2023/01/02/2003791834.
18. ↑ "美寶落格 MEPO Log - 文章在 週一, 五月 10. 2010". http://mepopedia.com/blog/index.php?/archives/2010/05/10.html.
19. ↑ "台"太空计划"决定发展微卫星火箭发射载具". 中国日报网站. October 21, 2003. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/gb/doc/2003-10/21/content_273967.htm.
20. ↑ "Plasma/particle instruments and Japan-Taiwan collaboration for the Geospace magnetosphere/ionosphere explorations". Masafumi Hirahara. October 21, 2003. http://www.pssc.ncku.edu.tw/FISFES/Presentation/FISFES_2008-11(Hirahara).pdf.
21. ↑ "FORMOSAT 5". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/formosat-5.htm.
22. ↑ "FORMOSAT 6". https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/formosat-6.htm.
23. ↑ "FORMOSAT -7". http://www.nspo.narl.org.tw/en2016/projects/FORMOSAT-7/program-description.html.
24. ↑ Hui-ju, Chien. "Second satellite to launch in Guyana in last half of 2021". Taipei Times. http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2019/11/17/2003726007.
25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Strong, Matthew (November 15, 2019). "France's Arianespace wins bid to launch Taiwan satellite in 2021". Taiwan News. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3817999.
26. ↑ Chung, Yu-chen (October 9, 2023). "Taiwan's first domestic Triton weather satellite launches". Central News Agency. https://focustaiwan.tw/sci-tech/202310090002.
27. ↑ YamSat Program , National Space Organization
28. ↑ "YamSat 1A, 1B, 1C". http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/yamsat-1a.htm.
29. ↑ Clark, Stephen. "Japan's Epsilon rocket launches seven tech demo satellites". Pole Star Publications Ltd. https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/01/18/japans-epsilon-rocket-launches-seven-tech-demo-satellites/.
30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 Ssu-yun, Su; Mazzetta, Matthew (January 24, 2021). "SpaceX rocket carries two Taiwanese satellites into space". Focus Taiwan. https://focustaiwan.tw/sci-tech/202101240019.
31. ↑ Hui-ju, Chien. "Second satellite to launch in Guyana in last half of 2021". Taipei Times. http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2019/11/17/2003726007.
32. ↑ Sherry Hsiao, Chien Hui-ju (February 14, 2019). "Ministry announces third phase of space program". Taipei Times. http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2019/02/14/2003709706.
33. ↑ Matthew, Strong (February 13, 2019). "Taiwan to launch one satellite a year over the next decade". Taiwan News. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3637374.
34. ↑ Pei-ju, Teng (August 29, 2019). "Thailand seeks consultation with Taiwan on domestically built satellite". Taiwan News. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3769126.
35. ↑ Staff Writer. "Taiwan eyes aerospace, focus on LEO satellites". Taipei Times. https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2021/07/18/2003761049.

## External links

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* See also: Timeline of first orbital launches by country
* 1 Preceded by the Soviet space program

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