List of largest galaxies

Short description: none

A Hubble Space Telescope image of the supergiant elliptical galaxy ESO 306-17. Supergiant elliptical galaxies are some of the largest galaxies known.

The Condor Galaxy is a colossal spiral galaxy disturbed by the smaller IC 4970. It is the largest known spiral galaxy with the isophotal diameter of over 717,000 light-years (220 kiloparsecs).[1]

This is a list of largest galaxies known, sorted by order of increasing major axis diameters. The unit of measurement used is the light-year (approximately 9.46×1012 kilometers).

## Contents

* 1 Overview
* 2 List
* 3 See also
* 4 Notes
* 5 References
* 6 Further reading

## Overview

Galaxies are vast collections of stars, planets, nebulae and other objects that are surrounded by an interstellar medium and held together by gravity. They do not have a definite boundary by nature, and are characterized with gradually decreasing stellar density as a function of increasing distance from its center. Because of this, measuring the sizes of galaxies can often be difficult and have a wide range of results depending on the sensitivity of the detection equipment and the methodology being used. Some galaxies emit more strongly in wavelengths outside the visible spectrum, depending on its stellar population, whose stars may emit more strongly in other wavelengths that are beyond the detection range. It is also important to consider the morphology of the galaxy when attempting to measure its size – an issue that has been raised by the Russian astrophysicist B.A. Vorontsov-Vel'Yaminov in 1961, which considers separate determination methods in measuring the sizes of spiral and elliptical galaxies.[2]

For a full context about how the diameters of galaxies are measured, including the estimation methods stated in this list, see section Galaxy.

## List

Listed below are galaxies with diameters greater than 700,000 light-years. This list uses the mean cosmological parameters of the Lambda-CDM model based on results from the 2015 Planck collaboration, where H0 = 67.74 km/s/Mpc, ΩΛ = 0.6911, and Ωm = 0.3089.[3] Due to different techniques, each figure listed on the galaxies has varying degrees of confidence in them. The reference to those sizes plus further additional details can be accessed by clicking the link for the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) on the right-hand side of the table.

Galaxies with diameters greater than 700,000 light-years  Galaxy name/designation  | Major axis diameter (in light-years)  | Minor axis diameter (in light years)  | Morphology | Estimation
method  | Link for object

|
|
|
|
|

LEDA 2222102  | 1,919,000  | ~  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
ESO 383-76 (ESO 383-G 076)[lower-alpha 1] | 1,764,000  | 882,100  | cD5; E5; BrClG  | 90% total B-light  | NED
ESO 248-6 (ESO 248-G 006)[lower-alpha 1] | 1,731,000  | 830,700  | S0?; BrClG  | 90% total B-light  | NED
ESO 409-25 (ESO 409-G 025)[lower-alpha 1] | 1,454,000  | 901,700  | cD4; E4; BrClG  | 90% total B-light  | NED
Abell 3039 BCG B  | 1,290,000  | 438,600  | cD  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
ESO 347-9 (ESO 347-G 009)  | 1,212,000  | 436,300  | S...; cD  | 90% total B-light  | NED
2MASX J14102504+6337103  | 1,134,000  | 1,134,000  | ~[lower-alpha 2] | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
ESO 151-41 (ESO 151-G 041)  | 1,132,000  | 453,000  | Sc  | 90% total B-light  | NED
MCG-04-02-013[lower-alpha 1] | 1,115,000  | 1,115,000  | E  | 27.0 B-mag arcsec−2 | NED
2MASX J11232449+1511041  | 1,086,000  | ~  | ~  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
Abell 1576 BCG  | 1,077,000  | 517,200  | cD db  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
ESO 306-17 (ESO 306-G 017)  | 1,070,000  | 706,100  | cD3; E3  | 90% total B-light  | NED
B2 0247+29  | 1,058,000  | ~  | ~  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
ESO 350-15 (ESO 350-G 015)  | 1,043,000  | 521,600  | cD3; E3  | 90% total B-light  | NED
2MASX J08510173+1638570  | 1,040,000  | ~  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
OGC 94 | 1,036,000  | 403,900  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
Abell 2397 BCG  | 1,014,000  | 588,300  | cD  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
Abell 1146 BCG  | 1,009,000  | 767,100  | E  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
Abell 747 BCG  | 995,300  | 437,900  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
LEDA 1273002  | 975,400  | 419,400  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
6C B084407.8+582055  | 967,200  | ~  | BrCIG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
LEDA 1838034  | 958,600  | 517,700  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
LEDA 1453633  | 949,900  | ~  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
LEDA 1987660  | 947,000  | ~  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
ESO 473-5 (ESO 473-G 005)  | 944,600  | 517,700  | Sc; BrClG  | 90% total B-light  | NED
LEDA 2011796  | 940,600  | ~  | ~  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
Abell 1942 BCG | 939,200  | 638,700  | BrClG; AGN  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
2MASX J12114313+0801071  | 933,900  | 467,000  | ~[lower-alpha 2] | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
MCG +09-25-047  | 932,900  | 205,300  | ~[lower-alpha 2] | Intermediate surface brightness  | NED
2MASX J00031162-0605305  | 918,100  | ~  | ~  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
LEDA 1654342  | 916,400  | 623,100  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
ESO 156-18 (ESO 156-G 018)  | 916,000  | 421,400  | SAB(s)00: pec  | 90% total B-light  | NED
OGC 169  | 915,700  | 659,300  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
Abell 384 BCG  | 913,900  | 274,200  | ~[lower-alpha 2] | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
ESO 206-2 (ESO 206-G 002)  | 913,600  | 420,300  | cD; S  | 90% total B-light  | NED
ESO 286-41 (ESO 286-G 041)  | 897,000  | 502,300  | SA(s)0+; cD  | 90% total B-light  | NED
Abell 697 BCG[lower-alpha 1] | 885,200  | 637,400  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
OGC 511  | 883,100  | 618,400  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
Abell 3300 BCG  | 878,800  | 386,700  | cD  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
OGC 666  | 876,300  | 455,700  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
OGC 233  | 875,500  | ~  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
Abell 1437B BCG  | 868,300  | 538,400  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
OGC 116  | 868,100  | 538,200  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
ESO 443-11 (ESO 443-G 011)  | 866,500  | 407,300  | cD; SAB00 pec; BrClG  | 27.0 B-mag arcsec−2 | NED
QSO J0931+3204 | 865,600[lower-alpha 3] | 398,200  | ~[lower-alpha 2] | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
4C +41.26 | 862,300  | 724,400  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
LEDA 1633166  | 852,700  | ~  | ~  | 2MASS K-Band total mag  | NED
Abell 963 BCG | 841,200  | 605,700  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
ESO 541-13 (ESO 541-G 013)  | 840,700  | 655,700  | cD; E3 pec  | 90% total B-light  | NED
4C 18.68 | 838,100  | ~  | Sy1  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
OGC 560  | 830,900  | 598,200  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
MACS J0024.5+3312 BCG  | 830,600  | 548,200  | ~[lower-alpha 2] | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
2MASX J14582288+3613501  | 829,100  | ~  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
OGC 369  | 827,300  | 413,700  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
Abell 1602 BCG  | 822,000  | 575,400  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
B3 1448+445  | 813,900  | 634,800  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
2MASX J08154445+4506521  | 811,300  | ~  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
NGC 623 | 803,900  | 611,000  | cD; E  | 27.0 B-mag arcsec−2 | NED
PGC 6616  | 803,800  | 401,900  | E  | 27.0 B-mag arcsec−2 | NED
Abell 1413 BCG[lower-alpha 1] | 801,400  | 256,400  | cD; E; BrClG  | 25.0 r-mag arcsec−2 | NED
LEDA 1143180  | 800,300  | 512,200  | ~[lower-alpha 2] | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
Abell 773N BCG  | 798,000  | 590,500  | BrClG; cD  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
ESO 291-9 (ESO 291-G 009)  | 795,100  | 461,200  | cD4; SA0−;BrClG  | 90% total B-light  | NED
LEDA 1678798  | 794,000  | ~  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
Abell 1504 BCG  | 790,200  | 458,300  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
LCSB S1161P  | 788,800  | 284,000  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
OGC 31  | 785,800  | 345,800  | ~[lower-alpha 2] | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
OGC 763  | 784,500  | 564,800  | ~[lower-alpha 2] | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
LEDA 1816387 | 782,500  | 336,500  | ~[lower-alpha 2] | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
LEDA 1118210  | 782,400  | 594,600  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
NVSS J080730+340042  | 780,900  | 359,200  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
LEDA 2066332[lower-alpha 1] | 779,700  | 467,800  | ~[lower-alpha 2] | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
OGC 1311  | 776,900  | 419,500  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
Abell 812 BCG[lower-alpha 1] | 772,900  | 541,000  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
OGC 856  | 772,200  | 509,700  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
7C 1043+5953  | 771,000  | 400,900  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
Abell 1785B BCG  | 769,800  | 508,100  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
LEDA 2463193  | 769,500  | 769,500  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
NGC 5084[lower-alpha 1] | 769,500  | 115,400  | S0  | 90% total B-light  | NED
Abell 781 b  | 766,500  | 337,300  | BrClG  | 25.0 r-mag arcsec−2 | NED
B2 1132+32  | 763,600  | 381,800  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
OGC 231[lower-alpha 1] | 762,000  | 487,700  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
OGC 26  | 760,700  | 699,900  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
Abell 655 BCG  | 760,000  | 577,600  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
OGC 499  | 757,800  | 515,300  | ~[lower-alpha 2] | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
LEDA 1969788  | 756,500  | 378,200  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
LEDA 1460988  | 755,500  | 438,200  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
2MASX J01331683+2311233  | 751,700  | 278,100  | ~[lower-alpha 2] | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
Abell 908 BCG  | 750,200  | 555,100  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
2MASX J00193870+0335573  | 748,100  | 433,900  | ~[lower-alpha 2] | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
Abell 2061 b[lower-alpha 1] | 747,700  | 583,200  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
Abell 2397 G1  | 745,700  | 432,500  | cD  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
2MASX J14475695+1445330  | 745,200  | ~  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
OGC 188  | 742,900  | 534,900  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
ESO 198-1 (ESO 198-G 001)  | 741,600  | 563,600  | cD4; E4  | 27.0 B-mag arcsec−2 | NED
3C 295 | 738,000  | 738,000  | E/S0;LEG;BrClG NLRG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
OGC 199  | 737,500  | 457,200  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
Abell 267 BCG | 736,700  | 302,000  | BrClG  | 25.0 r-mag arcsec−2 | NED
Abell 1758N BCG | 731,500  | 321,900  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
Abell 360 BCG  | 727,700  | 363,900  | cD  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
ESO 251-21 (ESO 251-G 021)  | 727,700  | 458,400  | SAB0− pec; E/S0  | 90% total B-light  | NED
OGC 667  | 722,900  | 375,900  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
LEDA 2188433  | 721,600  | 721,600  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
OGC 235  | 720,200  | 576,200  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
Abell 1807 BCG  | 720,200  | 475,300  | cD  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
OGC 898  | 719,900  | 417,500  | ~[lower-alpha 2] | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
NGC 6872 | 717,000  | 143,400  | SAB(rs)c  | 25.5 r-mag arcsec−2 | NED
Abell S1077 BCG  | 716,900  | 372,800  | ~[lower-alpha 2] | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
Abell 2125 BCG  | 715,200  | 515,200  | E[lower-alpha 4] | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
B3 1715+425 | 715,200  | 472,000  | BrClG; AGN[lower-alpha 5] | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
Abell 2219 BCG  | 713,400  | 385,300  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
OGC 966  | 710,000  | 284,000  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
ESO 552-20 (ESO 552-G 020)[lower-alpha 1] | 710,000  | 411,800  | cD; E  | 90% total B-light  | NED
OGC 512  | 709,700  | 340,700  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
LEDA 2304600  | 708,700  | ~  | cD  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
ESO 11-4 (ESO 011-G 004)  | 707,400  | 488,100  | cD4; E4 pec  | 90% total B-light  | NED
IC 1633[lower-alpha 1] | 705,700  | 543,400  | cD; E1  | 27.0 B-mag arcsec−2 | NED
ESO 443-4 (ESO 443-G 004)  | 705,200  | 423,100  | cD; S0; BrClG  | 90% total B-light  | NED
LEDA 2262657  | 704,000  | 521,000  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
LEDA 1869052[lower-alpha 1] | 703,100  | 464,000  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
NGC 1759  | 702,800  | 632,500  | cD; E  | 27.0 B-mag arcsec−2 | NED
LEDA 1869814  | 702,100  | 463,300  | BrClG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
2MFGC 12274  | 700,900  | 140,200  | ~[lower-alpha 2] | 25.0 B-mag arcsec−2 | NED
Abell S235 BCG  | 700,900  | 252,300  | cD  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED

Listed below are some notable galaxies under 700,000 light-years in diameter, for the purpose of comparison. All links to NED are available, except for the Milky Way, which is linked to the relevant paper detailing its size.

Notable galaxies with diameters 700,000 light-years or less  Galaxy name/designation  | Major axis diameter (in light-years)  | Minor axis diameter (in light years)  | Morphology | Estimation
method  | Link for object

|
|
|
|
|

ESO 444-46 (ESO 444-G 046)[lower-alpha 1] | 670,700  | 382,300  | cD4; E4; BrClG  | 27.0 B-mag arcsec−2 | NED
NGC 4038[lower-alpha 6] | 634,400  | 456,800  | SB(s)m pec  | 27.0 B-mag arcsec−2 | NED
Tadpole Galaxy | 558,400  | 111,700  | SB(s)c pec  | 25.0 B-mag arcsec−2 | NED
IC 1101[lower-alpha 1] | 553,200  | 449,700  | cD; S0− | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
Abell 2261 BCG[lower-alpha 1] | 544,600  | 533,800  | cD; E  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
Hercules A | 459,800  | 285,100  | E; WLRG; NLRG  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
UGC 2885 ("Rubin's Galaxy")[lower-alpha 1] | 438,100  | 201,500  | SA(rs)c  | 25.0 B-mag arcsec−2 | NED
NGC 1399[lower-alpha 1] | 412,300  | 379,300  | cD; E1 pec  | 90% total B-light  | NED
NeVe 1 | 332,100  | 239,100  | cD; E  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
Alcyoneus | 242,900[lower-alpha 7] | 155,400  | E  | 25.0 r-mag arcsec−2 | NED
Andromeda Galaxy | 152,300  | 152,300  | SA(s)b  | 25.0 mag/arcsec2 | NED
Centaurus A | 123,100  | 94,750  | S0pec; Sy2; BL Lac  | 90% total B-light  | NED
Messier 87[lower-alpha 1] | 118,800[lower-alpha 8] | 93,870  | cD; E0–E1 pec; NLRG; Sy | 25.0 B-mag arcsec−2 | NED
Malin 1 | 118,700[lower-alpha 9] | 118,700  | S; LSB  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
NGC 262[lower-alpha 1] | 101,100  | 78,860  | SA(s)0/a; Sy2  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
Messier 81 ("Bode's Galaxy")  | 96,000  | ~[lower-alpha 10] | SA(s)ab; LINER  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
Milky Way | 87,400 ± 3,600  | 87,400 ± 3,600  | Sb; Sbc; SB(rs)bc  | 25.0 B-mag arcsec−2 | [4][5]
Messier 82 ("Cigar Galaxy")  | 47,300  | 21,800  | I0; Sburst  | 2MASS K-band total mag  | NED
Large Magellanic Cloud | 32,500  | ~[lower-alpha 11] | SB(s)m  | 25.0 B-mag arcsec−2 | NED

## See also

* List of largest stars
* List of most massive stars
* List of most massive black holes
* List of largest cosmic structures
* List of largest nebulae
* List of smallest galaxies

## Notes

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 The physical diameters given by NED for this object are based on the mean of one or more redshift-independent distance techniques, which are subject to errors and sensitivity to extreme values. The diameters given for this object in this list was based on NED's provided scale "Virgo \+ GA \+ Shapley" multiplied with the values for the angular diameter of the cited estimation method.
2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 Morphology unlisted; images show an elliptical galaxy.
3. ↑ Has 14 million light year radio lobes, however they are not considered a part of the galaxy.
4. ↑ Starburst galaxy
5. ↑ A blazar.
6. ↑ The larger galaxy in the Antennae Galaxies pair.
7. ↑ Major axis refers to the visible stellar axis of the host galaxy. Radio lobes are 15 million light-years across, though not considered a part of the main galaxy.
8. ↑ This is the diameter as measured through the 25.0 mag/arcsec−2 isophote at the B-band. The diffuse stellar halo of this galaxy extends up to 300 kiloparsecs (980,000 light-years) across.
9. ↑ This is the diameter measured through the quoted estimation method. This galaxy has an immense, diffuse low-surface brightness spiral extending up to 200 kiloparsecs (650,000 light-years) across.
10. ↑ No stated minor axis
11. ↑ No stated minor axis

## References

1. ↑ "Your NED Search Results". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=NGC+6872&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES.
2. ↑ Vorontsov-Vel'Yaminov, B. A. (1961). "The Comparison of Galaxy Diameters". Soviet Astronomy 4: 735. Bibcode: 1961SvA.....4..735V. https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1961SvA.....4..735V.
3. ↑ Ade, P. A. R. et al. (2016). "Planck2015 results". Astronomy & Astrophysics 594: A13. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201525830. Bibcode: 2016A&A...594A..13P.
4. ↑ Goodwin, S. P.; Gribbin, J.; Hendry, M. A. (22 April 1997). "The Milky Way is just an average spiral". arXiv:astro-ph/9704216.
5. ↑ Goodwin, S. P.; Gribbin, J.; Hendry, M. A. (August 1998). "The relative size of the Milky Way". The Observatory 118: 201–208. Bibcode: 1998Obs...118..201G.

## Further reading

* "Evolution of Galaxies in Clusters". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Dressler/Dressler1.html.
* Siegel, Ethan (2024-12-09). "How large is the biggest galaxy in the Universe?" (in en-US). https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/how-large-biggest-galaxy-universe/.

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Galaxies

Morphology|

* Disc
* Lenticular
* barred
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* anemic
* barred
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* intermediate
* Magellanic
* unbarred
* Dwarf galaxy
* elliptical
* irregular
* spheroidal
* spiral
* Elliptical galaxy
* cD
* Irregular
* barred
* Peculiar
* Ring
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Structure|

* Active galactic nucleus
* Bar
* Bulge
* Dark matter halo
* Disc
* Disc galaxy
* Halo
* corona
* Galactic center
* Galactic plane
* Galactic ridge
* Interstellar medium
* Protogalaxy
* Spiral arm
* Supermassive black hole

Active nuclei|

* Blazar
* LINER
* Markarian
* Quasar
* Radio
* X-shaped
* Relativistic jet
* Seyfert

Energetic galaxies|

* Lyman-alpha emitter
* Luminous infrared
* Starburst
* blue compact dwarf
* pea
* faint blue
* Hot dust-obscured

Low activity|

* Low surface brightness
* Ultra diffuse
* Dark galaxy

Interaction|

* Field
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* group
* cluster
* Brightest cluster galaxy
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Lists|

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See also|

* Extragalactic astronomy
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* Galactic empire
* Galactic habitable zone
* Galactic magnetic fields
* Galactic orientation
* Galactic quadrant
* Galaxy color–magnitude diagram
* Galaxy formation and evolution
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