Robert Connell Clarke

Short description: Ethnobotanist

For other people named Robert Clarke, see Robert Clarke (disambiguation).

Robert C. Clarke

Born|

Robert Connell Clarke

1953

California , U.S.

Occupation|

* Botanist
* horticulturist
* agronomist
* writer

Years active| 1977–present
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Robert Connell Clarke is a US American agronomist and ethnobotanist born in 1953, specialized in the study of the cannabis plant.[1]

He has often been credited for having taken part in many developments of the licit hemp and cannabis sectors in the United States [2][3] and the Netherlands[4][5] since the 1980s.[6]

## Contents

* 1 Biography
* 1.1 Academic research
* 1.1.1 Books
* 1.1.2 Ethnobotanical research
* 2 References

## Biography

Clarke graduated in 1977 from the University of California Santa Cruz.[7]

In the 1980s, he took part as a breeder in the creation of the cannabis seed bank Cultivators Choice together with David P. Watson[8] with whom he later co-funded Hortapharm B.V.,[9] a Dutch cannabis research and development business licensed to produce medicinal cannabis.[10]

He was once manager of the International Hemp Association, a now-defunct organization based in Amsterdam.[1]

### Academic research

In 1977, shortly after graduating, Clarke self-published his undergraduate research dissertation[7] under the title "The botany and ecology of Cannabis."[11] He would spend the following years continuing to research and publish on the topics of evolutionary and botanical history of the plant genus.

#### Books

Some of Clarke's key publications include:

* Marijuana Botany. An Advanced Study: The Propagation and Breeding of Distinctive Cannabis (And/Or Press, 1981)[12] ISBN:978-0914171782
* Hashish! (Red Eye Press, 1998)[13] ISBN:9780929349053
* Hemp Diseases and Pests: Management and Biological Control – an Advanced Treatise (CABI Pub, 2000), with John M. McPartland and David P. Watson. ISBN:978-0-85199-454-3
* Cannabis: Evolution and Ethnobotany (University of California Press, 2013),[14] with Mark D. Merlin. ISBN:978-0-520-29248-2

Some of his publications received an important echo. According to Clarke, "Marijuana Botany played an unforeseen role in spreading plant science to the public."[7] Clarke also published numerous peer-review articles that received less public attention.[15]

#### Ethnobotanical research

Clarke is known for having studied a number of local varieties, cultures, and agricultural practices linked to cannabis in remote regions of the world in Southeast Asia, such as Nepal, China , Vietnam, but also in other areas of Africa,[16] Europe, the Americas,[5] and Oceania.[17] In 2018, a promotional documentary was released by a Canadian hemp company documented Robert Clarke's journey through Turkey exploring local traditional hemp cultures.[18]

In relation to this field work, Clarke has participated in the development of methodological tools for cannabis research.[19] He has also been associated with the discovery and identification of archaeological remains of cannabis in the Israeli Tel Arad site.[20][21]

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Clarke, Robert; Merlin, Mark (2016) (in en). Cannabis: Evolution and Ethnobotany. University of California Press - website. ISBN 9780520292482. https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520292482.
2. ↑ Lewis, Amanda Chicago (2020-05-23). "A Hidden Origin Story of the CBD Craze" (in en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/23/sunday-review/coronavirus-cbd-oil.html.
3. ↑ Lee, Martin A. (2014). "Smell the Mystery: What Are Terpenes? Learn about the aromatic compounds that give cannabis its distinct smell and make each strain unique." (in en). https://www.projectcbd.org/article/smell-mystery.
4. ↑ Kiel, Tom. "Nederlandse bedrijven mogen hasj maken, maar kunnen ze dat wel?" (in nl). https://www.vice.com/nl/article/wxdn85/in-2022-mogen-enkele-nederlandse-bedrijven-hasj-maken-maar-kunnen-ze-dat-wel.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Bergman, Derrick (2014). "Het grote Robert C. Clarke interview (deel 2)" (in nl). https://issuu.com/sandrasoftsecrets/docs/nl-highlife_issue-2014-03/s/14115998.
6. ↑ "The Hot War Follies: In Humboldt County, California the Law Is Outwitted by Marijuana Growers". Life magazine Dec.: 40–50. 1982.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Lupoi, Jason S. (2020). "The Ethnobotanical Journey of Robert C. Clarke" (in en-US). https://terpenesandtesting.com/the-ethnobotanical-journey-of-robert-c-clarke/.
8. ↑ SeedFinder (s.d.). Cannabis-Strains from Cultivators Choice [online]
9. ↑ Cowan, Richard (2020-09-07). "The Curious Case of GW Pharmaceuticals" (in en-US). https://www.laweekly.com/the-curious-case-of-gw-pharmaceuticals-2/.
10. ↑ Breen, Bill (2004). "The Cannabis Conundrum". https://www.fastcompany.com/48136/cannabis-conundrum?page=0,0.
11. ↑ Clarke, Robert C. (2017). "Picture of the self-edited book "The Botany and Ecology of Cannabis"". https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1706207242752623&set=pb.100063725559430.-2207520000..
12. ↑ Emboden, William A. (1981). "Marijuana Botany. An Advanced Study: The Propagation and Breeding of Distinctive Cannabis". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 13 (4): 395. doi:10.1080/02791072.1981.10471901. ISSN 2159-9777. PMID 28557700. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28557700/.
13. ↑ Russo, Ethan B. (2001). "Hashish!, by Robert Connell Clarke". Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics 1 (1): 112–113. https://www.cannabis-med.org/jcant/Jcant1(1).pdf.
14. ↑ "Entrevista a Robert C. Clarke" (in es-ES). 2014. https://softsecrets.com/es-ES/articulo/rober-c-clarke.
15. ↑ WorldCat (2022). "WorldCat identities: Clarke, Robert Connell 1953-". https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n81021262/.
16. ↑ Chouvy, Pierre-Arnaud (2008). "Production de cannabis et de haschich au Maroc : contexte et enjeux" (in fr). L'Espace Politique. Revue en ligne de géographie politique et de géopolitique 4 (4). doi:10.4000/espacepolitique.59. ISSN 1958-5500. https://journals.openedition.org/espacepolitique/59.
17. ↑ Clarke, Robert C., "Field trials of fiber and seed hemp cultivars in Tasmania" (in en), CDays BarcelonaTech 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=10p_UHx-9tc, retrieved 2023-02-06
18. ↑ Kesik, Koray (2018) (in en), Quest for the Golden Fiber, Kendir Bouquet handwoven textiles and ropes LTD., https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c99uCi6xO5c, retrieved 2023-01-14
19. ↑ Clarke, Robert C. (2002-01-01). "Field Interview Schedule and Questionnaire for Investigating Cannabis Use". Journal of Industrial Hemp 7 (1): 83–88. doi:10.1300/J237v07n01_07. ISSN 1537-7881. https://doi.org/10.1300/J237v07n01_07.
20. ↑ Mayans, Carme (2020). "Los antiguos hebreos usaban cannabis en rituales religiosos" (in es). https://historia.nationalgeographic.com.es/a/antiguos-hebreos-usaban-cannabis-rituales-religiosos_15417.
21. ↑ "Study: Cannabis was used at biblical site in Israel" (in en-US). 2020-05-29. https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/05/28/study-cannabis-was-used-at-biblical-site-in-israel.

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