Type I string theory

Short description: Aspect of theoretical physics

String theory

Fundamental objects

* String
* Brane
* D-brane

Perturbative theory

* Bosonic
* Superstring
* Type I
* Type II (IIA / IIB)
* Heterotic (SO(32) * E8×E8)

Non-perturbative results

* S-duality
* T-duality
* U-duality
* M-theory
* F-theory
* AdS/CFT correspondence

Phenomenology

* Phenomenology
* Cosmology
* Landscape

Mathematics

* Mirror symmetry
* Monstrous moonshine

Related concepts

* Theory of everything
* Conformal field theory
* Quantum gravity
* Supersymmetry
* Supergravity
* Twistor string theory
* N = 4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory
* Kaluza–Klein theory
* Multiverse
* Holographic principle

Theorists

* Aganagić
* Arkani-Hamed
* Atiyah
* Banks
* Berenstein
* Bousso
* Cleaver
* Curtright
* Dijkgraaf
* Distler
* Douglas
* Duff
* Ferrara
* Fischler
* Friedan
* Gates
* Gliozzi
* Gopakumar
* Green
* Greene
* Gross
* Gubser
* Gukov
* Guth
* Hanson
* Harvey
* Hořava
* Gibbons
* Kachru
* Kaku
* Kallosh
* Kaluza
* Kapustin
* Klebanov
* Knizhnik
* Kontsevich
* Klein
* Linde
* Maldacena
* Mandelstam
* Marolf
* Martinec
* Minwalla
* Moore
* Motl
* Mukhi
* Myers
* Nanopoulos
* Naqvi
* Năstase
* Nekrasov
* Neveu
* Nielsen
* van Nieuwenhuizen
* Novikov
* Olive
* Ooguri
* Ovrut
* Polchinski
* Polyakov
* Rajaraman
* Ramond
* Randall
* Randjbar-Daemi
* Roček
* Rohm
* Scherk
* Schwarz
* Seiberg
* Sen
* Shenker
* Siegel
* Silverstein
* Sơn
* Staudacher
* Steinhardt
* Strominger
* Sundrum
* Susskind
* 't Hooft
* Townsend
* Trivedi
* Turok
* Vafa
* Veneziano
* Verlinde
* Verlinde
* Wess
* Witten
* Yau
* Yoneya
* Zamolodchikov
* Zamolodchikov
* Zaslow
* Zumino
* Zwiebach

* History
* Glossary

* v
* t
* e

In theoretical physics, type I string theory is one of five consistent supersymmetric string theories in ten dimensions. It is the only one whose strings are unoriented[1] (both orientations of a string are equivalent) and the only one which perturbatively contains not only closed strings, but also open strings. The terminology of type I and type II was coined by John Henry Schwarz in 1982 to classify the three string theories known at the time.[2]

## Overview

The classic 1976 work of Ferdinando Gliozzi, Joël Scherk and David Olive[3] paved the way to a systematic understanding of the rules behind string spectra in cases where only closed strings are present via modular invariance. It did not lead to similar progress for models with open strings, despite the fact that the original discussion was based on the type I string theory.

As first proposed by Augusto Sagnotti in 1988,[4] the type I string theory can be obtained as an orientifold of type IIB string theory, with 32 half-D9-branes added in the vacuum to cancel various anomalies giving it a gauge group of SO(32) via Chan–Paton factors.

At low energies, type I string theory is described by the type I supergravity in ten dimensions coupled to the SO(32) supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory. The discovery in 1984 by Michael Green and John H. Schwarz that anomalies in type I string theory cancel sparked the first superstring revolution. However, a key property of these models, shown by A. Sagnotti in 1992, is that in general the Green–Schwarz mechanism takes a more general form, and involves several two forms in the cancellation mechanism.

The relation between the type IIB string theory and the type I string theory has a large number of surprising consequences, both in ten and in lower dimensions, that were first displayed by the String Theory Group at the University of Rome Tor Vergata in the early 1990s. It opened the way to the construction of entire new classes of string spectra with or without supersymmetry. Joseph Polchinski's work on D-branes provided a geometrical interpretation for these results in terms of extended objects (D-brane, orientifold).

In the 1990s it was first argued by Edward Witten that type I string theory with the string coupling constant g is equivalent to the SO(32) heterotic string with the coupling 1/g. This equivalence is known as S-duality.

## Notes

1. ↑ Tzitzimpasis, P.https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~caval101/homepage/Students_files/TzitzimpasisMaster.pdf
2. ↑ Schwarz, J.H. (1982). "Superstring theory". Physics Reports 89 (3): 223–322. doi:10.1016/0370-1573(82)90087-4. Bibcode: 1982PhR....89..223S. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-1573(82)90087-4.
3. ↑ F. Gliozzi, J. Scherk and D. I. Olive, "Supersymmetry, Supergravity Theories and the Dual Spinor Model", Nucl. Phys. B 122 (1977), 253.
4. ↑ Sagnotti, A. (1988). "Open strings and their symmetry groups". in 't Hooft, G.; Jaffe, A.; Mack, G. et al.. Nonperturbative Quantum Field Theory. Plenum Publishing Corporation. pp. 521–528. Bibcode: 2002hep.th....8020S.

## References

* E. Witten, "String theory dynamics in various dimensions", Nucl. Phys. B 443 (1995) 85. arXiv:hep-th/9503124.
* J. Polchinski, S. Chaudhuri and C.V. Johnson, "Notes on D-Branes", arXiv:hep-th/9602052.
* C. Angelantonj and A. Sagnotti, "Open strings", Phys. Rep. 1 [(Erratum-ibid.) 339] arXiv:hep-th/0204089.

* v
* t
* e

String theory

Background|

* Strings
* History of string theory
* First superstring revolution
* Second superstring revolution
* String theory landscape

Theory|

* Nambu–Goto action
* Polyakov action
* Bosonic string theory
* Superstring theory
* Type I string
* Type II string
* Type IIA string
* Type IIB string
* Heterotic string
* N=2 superstring
* F-theory
* String field theory
* Matrix string theory
* Non-critical string theory
* Non-linear sigma model
* Tachyon condensation
* RNS formalism
* GS formalism

String duality|

* T-duality
* S-duality
* U-duality
* Montonen–Olive duality

Particles and fields|

* Graviton
* Dilaton
* Tachyon
* Ramond–Ramond field
* Kalb–Ramond field
* Magnetic monopole
* Dual graviton
* Dual photon

Branes|

* D-brane
* NS5-brane
* M2-brane
* M5-brane
* S-brane
* Black brane
* Black holes
* Black string
* Brane cosmology
* Quiver diagram
* Hanany–Witten transition

Conformal field theory|

* Virasoro algebra
* Mirror symmetry
* Conformal anomaly
* Conformal algebra
* Superconformal algebra
* Vertex operator algebra
* Loop algebra
* Kac–Moody algebra
* Wess–Zumino–Witten model

Gauge theory|

* Anomalies
* Instantons
* Chern–Simons form
* Bogomol'nyi–Prasad–Sommerfield bound
* Exceptional Lie groups (G2, F4, E6, E7, E8)
* ADE classification
* Dirac string
* p-form electrodynamics

Geometry|

* Kaluza–Klein theory
* Compactification
* Why 10 dimensions?
* Kähler manifold
* Ricci-flat manifold
* Calabi–Yau manifold
* Hyperkähler manifold
* K3 surface
* G2 manifold
* Spin(7)-manifold
* Generalized complex manifold
* Orbifold
* Conifold
* Orientifold
* Moduli space
* Hořava–Witten domain wall
* K-theory
* Twisted K-theory

Supersymmetry|

* Supergravity
* Superspace
* Lie superalgebra
* Lie supergroup

Holography|

* Holographic principle
* AdS/CFT correspondence

M-theory|

* Matrix theory
* Introduction to M-theory

String theorists|

* Aganagić
* Arkani-Hamed
* Atiyah
* Banks
* Berenstein
* Bousso
* Cleaver
* Curtright
* Dijkgraaf
* Distler
* Douglas
* Duff
* Ferrara
* Fischler
* Friedan
* Gates
* Gliozzi
* Gopakumar
* Green
* Greene
* Gross
* Gubser
* Gukov
* Guth
* Hanson
* Harvey
* Hořava
* Gibbons
* Kachru
* Kaku
* Kallosh
* Kaluza
* Kapustin
* Klebanov
* Knizhnik
* Kontsevich
* Klein
* Linde
* Maldacena
* Mandelstam
* Marolf
* Martinec
* Minwalla
* Moore
* Motl
* Mukhi
* Myers
* Nanopoulos
* Naqvi
* Năstase
* Nekrasov
* Neveu
* Nielsen
* van Nieuwenhuizen
* Novikov
* Olive
* Ooguri
* Ovrut
* Polchinski
* Polyakov
* Rajaraman
* Ramond
* Randall
* Randjbar-Daemi
* Roček
* Rohm
* Scherk
* Schwarz
* Seiberg
* Sen
* Shenker
* Siegel
* Silverstein
* Sơn
* Staudacher
* Steinhardt
* Strominger
* Sundrum
* Susskind
* 't Hooft
* Townsend
* Trivedi
* Turok
* Vafa
* Veneziano
* Verlinde
* Verlinde
* Wess
* Witten
* Yau
* Yoneya
* Zamolodchikov
* Zamolodchikov
* Zaslow
* Zumino
* Zwiebach

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