SOCRATES (pain assessment)

Short description: Mnemonic acronym for pain evaluation

SOCRATES is a mnemonic acronym used by emergency medical services, physicians, nurses, and other health professionals to evaluate the nature of pain that a patient is experiencing.

## Contents

* 1 Uses
* 2 Adverse effects
* 3 Procedure
* 4 History
* 5 See also
* 6 References

## Uses

SOCRATES is used to gain an insight into the patient's condition, and to allow the health care provider to develop a plan for dealing with it.[1][2] It can be useful for differentiating between nociceptive pain and neuropathic pain.[3]

## Adverse effects

SOCRATES only focuses on the physical effects of pain, and ignores the social and emotional effects of pain.[4]

## Procedure

SOCRATES[1][2] Letter  | Aspect  | Example Questions

|
|

S  | Site  | Where is the pain? Or the maximal site of the pain.
O  | Onset  | When did the pain start, and was it sudden or gradual? Include also whether it is progressive or regressive.
C  | Character  | What is the pain like? An ache? Stabbing?
R  | Radiation  | Does the pain radiate anywhere?
A  | Associations  | Any other signs or symptoms associated with the pain?
T  | Time course  | Does the pain follow any pattern?
E  | Exacerbating / relieving factors  | Does anything change the pain?
S  | Severity  | How bad is the pain?

## History

SOCRATES is often poorly used by health care providers.[5] Although pain assessments usually cover many or most of the aspects, they rarely included all 8 aspects.[5]

## See also

* History of presenting complaint
* Medical history
* OPQRST

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Clayton, Holly A.; Reschak, Gary L. C.; Gaynor, Sandra E.; Creamer, Julie L. (December 2000). "A novel program to assess and manage pain" (in English). Medsurg Nursing 9 (6): 318–312. . PMID 11904868. https://www.proquest.com/openview/46bb9ac56bf80bac2dc895b8cd307e57/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=30764.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Swift, Amelia (1 October 2015). "The importance of assessing pain in adults." (in English). Nursing Times 111 (41): 12–17. PMID 26647478. https://europepmc.org/article/med/26647478.
3. ↑ Schofield, Marcia; Shetty, Ashish; Spencer, Michael; Munglani, Rajesh (May 2014). "Pain Managment [sic]: Part 1" (in English). British Journal of Family Medicine 2 (3). https://www.bjfm.co.uk/pain-managment-part-1.
4. ↑ Gregory, Julie (2019-08-31). "Use of pain scales and observational pain assessment tools in hospital settings" (in en). Nursing Standard 34 (9): 70–74. doi:10.7748/ns.2019.e11308. ISSN 0029-6570. PMID 31468952. https://journals.rcni.com/doi/10.7748/ns.2019.e11308.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Manna, Aditya; Sarkar, S. K.; Khanra, L. K. (2015-04-01). "PA1 An internal audit into the adequacy of pain assessment in a hospice setting" (in en). BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care 5 (Suppl 1): A19–A20. doi:10.1136/bmjspcare-2015-000906.61. ISSN 2045-435X. PMID 25960483. https://spcare.bmj.com/content/5/Suppl_1/A19.3.

* v
* t
* e

Medical mnemonics (list)

* ABC
* AEIOU-TIPS
* APGAR
* ASHICE
* CASMEET
* DCAP-BTLS
* FAST
* Hs and Ts
* IS PATH WARM?
* MARCHE
* OPQRST
* RICE
* RNCHAMPS
* RPM-30-2-Can Do
* SAD PERSONS
* SAMPLE
* SBAR
* SOAP
* SOCRATES

* v
* t
* e

Pain and nociception]]

By region/system|

| HEENT|

* Headache
* Neck
* Odynophagia (swallowing)
* Toothache

|

Respiratory system|

* Sore throat
* Pleurodynia

Musculoskeletal|

* Arthralgia (joint)
* Bone pain
* Myalgia (muscle)
* Muscle soreness: Acute / Delayed onset

Neurologic|

* Congenital insensitivity to pain
* HSAN
* Type I
* II congenital sensory neuropathy
* III familial dysautonomia
* IV congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis
* V congenital insensitivity to pain with partial anhidrosis
* Neuralgia
* Pain asymbolia
* Pain disorder
* Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder
* Allodynia
* Chronic pain
* Hyperalgesia
* Hypoalgesia
* Hyperpathia
* Phantom pain
* Referred pain

Other|

* Pelvic pain
* Proctalgia
* Back
* Low back pain (LBP)

Tests|

* Cold pressor test
* Dolorimeter
* Grimace scale (animals)
* Hot plate test
* Tail flick test

Related concepts|

* Anterolateral system
* Pain management
* Anesthesia
* Cordotomy
* Pain scale
* Pain threshold
* Pain tolerance
* Posteromarginal nucleus
* Substance P
* Suffering
* OPQRST
* Philosophy of pain
* Cancer pain
* Drug-seeking behavior

0.00

(0 votes)

Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOCRATES (pain assessment). Read more

|

Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Medicine:SOCRATES_(pain_assessment)&oldid=260279"
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template