Abstract differential geometry

Short description: Differential geometry without calculus

The adjective abstract has often been applied to differential geometry before, but the abstract differential geometry (ADG) of this article is a form of differential geometry without the calculus notion of smoothness, developed by Anastasios Mallios and Ioannis Raptis from 1998 onwards.[1]

Instead of calculus, an axiomatic treatment of differential geometry is built via sheaf theory and sheaf cohomology using vector sheaves in place of bundles based on arbitrary topological spaces.[2] Mallios says noncommutative geometry can be considered a special case of ADG, and that ADG is similar to synthetic differential geometry.

## Contents

* 1 Applications
* 1.1 ADG Gravity
* 2 See also
* 3 References
* 4 Further reading

## Applications

### ADG Gravity

Mallios and Raptis use ADG to avoid the singularities in general relativity and propose this as a route to quantum gravity.[3]

## See also

* Discrete differential geometry
* Analysis on fractals

## References

1. ↑ "Geometry of Vector Sheaves: An Axiomatic Approach to Differential Geometry", Anastasios Mallios, Springer, 1998, ISBN 978-0-7923-5005-7
2. ↑ "Modern Differential Geometry in Gauge Theories: Maxwell fields", Anastasios Mallios, Springer, 2005, ISBN 978-0-8176-4378-2
3. ↑ Mallios, Anastasios; Raptis, Ioannis (2004). "Smooth Singularities Exposed: Chimeras of the Differential Spacetime Manifold". arXiv:gr-qc/0411121.

## Further reading

* Space-time foam dense singularities and de Rham cohomology, A Mallios, EE Rosinger, Acta Applicandae Mathematicae, 2001

* v
* t
* e

Theories of gravitation

Standard|

| Newtonian gravity (NG)|

* Newton's law of universal gravitation
* Gauss's law for gravity
* Poisson's equation for gravity
* History of gravitational theory

|

General relativity (GR)|

* Introduction
* History
* Mathematics
* Exact solutions
* Resources
* Tests
* Post-Newtonian formalism
* Linearized gravity
* ADM formalism
* Gibbons–Hawking–York boundary term

Alternatives to
general relativity|

| Paradigms|

* Classical theories of gravitation
* Quantum gravity
* Theory of everything

|

Classical|

* Einstein–Cartan
* Bimetric theories
* Gauge theory gravity
* Teleparallelism
* Composite gravity
* f(R) gravity
* Infinite derivative gravity
* Massive gravity
* Modified Newtonian dynamics, MOND
* AQUAL
* Tensor–vector–scalar
* Nonsymmetric gravitation
* Scalar–tensor theories
* Brans–Dicke
* Scalar–tensor–vector
* Conformal gravity
* Scalar theories
* Nordström
* Whitehead
* Geometrodynamics
* Induced gravity
* Chameleon
* Pressuron
* Degenerate Higher-Order Scalar-Tensor theories

Quantum-mechanical|

* Euclidean quantum gravity
* Canonical quantum gravity
* Wheeler–DeWitt equation
* Loop quantum gravity
* Spin foam
* Causal dynamical triangulation
* Asymptotic safety in quantum gravity
* Causal sets
* DGP model
* Rainbow gravity theory

Unified-field-theoric|

* Kaluza–Klein theory
* Dilaton
* Supergravity

Unified-field-theoric and
quantum-mechanical|

* Noncommutative geometry
* Semiclassical gravity
* Superfluid vacuum theory
* Logarithmic BEC vacuum
* String theory
* M-theory
* F-theory
* Heterotic string theory
* Type I string theory
* Type 0 string theory
* Bosonic string theory
* Type II string theory
* Little string theory
* Twistor theory
* Twistor string theory

Generalisations /
extensions of GR|

* Scale relativity
* Liouville gravity
* Lovelock theory
* (2+1)-dimensional topological gravity
* Gauss–Bonnet gravity
* Jackiw–Teitelboim gravity

Pre-Newtonian
theories and
toy models|

* Aristotelian physics
* CGHS model
* RST model
* Mechanical explanations
* Fatio–Le Sage
* Entropic gravity
* Gravitational interaction of antimatter
* Physics in the medieval Islamic world
* Theory of impetus

Related topics|

* Graviton

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