Periodic table (large cells)

Short description: large-cell versions of the periodic table

Part of a series on the

Periodic table

Periodic table forms

* 18-column

* 32-column

* Alternative forms

* Janet's left step

* Beyond period 7

* Aufbau
* Fricke
* Pyykkö

Periodic table history

* Dmitri Mendeleev
* predictions

* Discovery of elements

* Naming & etymology

*     * for places
* for people
* controversies

* (in East Asia)

* Systematic element names

Sets of elements

By periodic table structure

* Groups (1–18)

* 1 (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr — lithium family, s¹ metals" class="nowrap">alkali metals)
* Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra — beryllium group, s² metals" class="nowrap">2 (alkaline earth metals)
* Sc, Y… — scandium group, s² d¹ metals">3
* Ti, Zr, Hf, Rf — titanium and analogs, transition metals with 4 valence electrons">4
* V, Nb, Ta, Db — vanadium and analogs, transition metals with 5 valence electrons">5
* Cr, Mo, W, Sg — chromium and analogs, transition metals with 6 valence electrons">6
* Mn, Tc, Re, Bh — manganese and analogs, transition metals with 7 valence electrons">7
* Fe, Ru, Os, Hs — iron and analogs, transition metals with 8 valence electrons">8
* Co, Rh, Ir, Mt — cobalt and analogs, transition metals with 9 valence electrons">9
* Ni, Pd, Pt, Ds — nickel and analogs, transition metals with 10 valence electrons">10
* Cu, Ag, Au, Rg — coinage metals, transition metals with 11 valence electrons">11
* Zn, Cd, Hg, Cn — zinc group, s² d¹⁰ metals">12
* B, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Nh — boron group, s² p¹ elements">13
* C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Fl — carbon group, s² p² elements">14
* N, P, As, Sb, Bi, Mc — nitrogen group, s² p³ elements" class="nowrap">15 (pnictogens)
* O, S, Se, Te, Po, Lv — oxygen group, s² p⁴ elements" class="nowrap">16 (chalcogens)
* F, Cl, Br, I, At, Ts — fluorine group, s² p⁵ elements" class="nowrap">17 (halogens)
* He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn, Og — elements having a complete valence shell" class="nowrap">18 (noble gases)

* Periods (1–7, ...)

* H, He, Z = 1–2">1
* Li … Ne, Z = 3–10">2
* Na … Ar, Z = 11–18">3
* K … Kr, Z = 19–36">4
* Rb … Xe, Z = 37–54">5
* Cs … Rn, Z = 55–86">6
* Fr … Og, Z = 87–118">7

* 8+
* Aufbau
* Fricke
* Pyykkö

* Blocks (s, p, d, f, ...)

*     * Atomic orbitals
* Aufbau principle

By metallic classification

* Metals

* alkali
* alkaline earth

* transition
* post-transition

* lanthanide
* actinide (superactinide)

* Metalloids

*     * dividing metals & nonmetals

* Nonmetals

* reactive nonmetals
* noble gases

By other characteristics

* Coinage metals
* Platinum-group metals

* Precious metals
* Refractory metals

* Heavy metals
* Light metals

* Native metals
* Noble metals

* Main-group elements
* Rare-earth elements

* Transuranium, transplutonium elements

* Major, minor & trans- actinides

Elements

List of chemical elements

* by abundance (in human body)

* by atomic properties
* by isotope stability

* by annual production
* by symbol

Properties of elements

* Atomic weight
* Crystal structure

* Electron affinity
* configuration

* Electronegativity (Allen, Electronegativity#Pauling_electronegativity

Data pages for elements

* Abundance
* Atomic radius
* Boiling point
* Critical point
* Density
* Elasticity
* Electrical resistivity
* Electron affinity / configuration
* Electronegativity
* Hardness
* Heat capacity / of fusion / of vaporization
* Ionization energy
* Melting point
* Oxidation state
* Speed of sound
* Thermal conductivity / expansion coefficient
* Vapor pressure

* Book
* Category
* Chemistry Portal

* v
* t
* e

The periodic table is a tabular method of displaying the chemical elements. It can show much information, after name, symbol and atomic number. Also, for each element mean atomic mass value for the natural isotopic composition of each element can be noted. The two layout forms originate from two graphic forms of presentation of the same periodic table. Historically, when the f-block was identified it was drawn below the existing table, with markings for its in-table location (this page uses dots or asterisks). Also, a common presentation is to put all 15 lanthanide and actinide columns below, while the f-block only has 14 columns. One lanthanide and actinide each are d-block elements, belonging to group 3 with scandium and yttrium, though whether these are the first of each series (lanthanum and actinium) or the last (lutetium and lawrencium) has been disputed. The tables below show lanthanum and actinium as group 3 elements, as this is the more common form in the literature.

Although precursors to this table exist, its invention is generally credited to Russia n chemist Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869. Mendeleev invented the table to illustrate recurring ("periodic") trends in the properties of the elements. The layout of the table has been refined and extended over time, as new elements have been discovered, and new theoretical models have been developed to explain chemical behavior.[1]

Contents

18-column layout
Periodic table with f-block separated
32-column layout
References
Notes

## 18-column layout

* v
* t
* e

Periodic table (large cells, 18-column layout)

Group →  | 1 | 2 | 3 |  | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18

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| Alkali metal  | Alkaline earth metal  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Boron group  | Carbon group  | Pnictogen  | Chalcogen  | Halogen  | Noble gas
CAS:  | IA  | IIA  | IIIB  |  | IVB  | VB  | VIB  | VIIB  | VIIIB  | IB  | IIB  | IIIA  | IVA  | VA  | VIA  | VIIA  | VIIIA
old IUPAC: | IA  | IIA  | IIIA  |  | IVA  | VA  | VIA  | VIIA  | VIII  | IB  | IIB  | IIIB  | IVB  | VB  | VIB  | VIIB  | 0
Period ↓

Period ↓ | Hydrogen

* 1.008
* [1.0078, 1.0082]

| ->element name
atomic number
chemical symbol

* standard atomic weight

|  | Chemistry:Helium

* 4.0026
* 4.002602(2)

2 | Chemistry:Lithium

* 6.94
* [6.938, 6.997]

| Chemistry:Beryllium

* 9.0122
* 9.0121831(5)

|  | Chemistry:Boron

* 10.81
* [10.806, 10.821]

| Chemistry:Carbon

* 12.011
* [12.009, 12.012]

| Chemistry:Nitrogen

* 14.007
* [14.006, 14.008]

| Chemistry:Oxygen

* 15.999
* [15.999, 16.000]

| Chemistry:Fluorine

* 18.998
* 18.998403163(6)

| Chemistry:Neon

* 20.180
* 20.1797(6)

3 | Chemistry:Sodium

* 22.990
* 22.98976928(2)

| Chemistry:Magnesium

* 24.305
* [24.304, 24.307]

|  | Chemistry:Aluminium

* 26.982
* 26.9815384(3)

| Chemistry:Silicon

* 28.085
* [28.084, 28.086]

| Chemistry:Phosphorus

* 30.974
* 30.973761998(5)

| Chemistry:Sulfur

* 32.06
* [32.059, 32.076]

| Chemistry:Chlorine

* 35.45
* [35.446, 35.457]

| Chemistry:Argon

* 39.95
* [39.792, 39.963]

4 | Chemistry:Potassium

* 39.098
* 39.0983(1)

| Chemistry:Calcium

* 40.078(4)
* 40.078(4)

| Chemistry:Scandium

* 44.956
* 44.955908(5)

|  | Chemistry:Titanium

* 47.867
* 47.867(1)

| Chemistry:Vanadium

* 50.942
* 50.9415(1)

| Chemistry:Chromium

* 51.996
* 51.9961(6)

| Chemistry:Manganese

* 54.938
* 54.938043(2)

| Chemistry:Iron

* 55.845(2)
* 55.845(2)

| Chemistry:Cobalt

* 58.933
* 58.933194(3)

| Chemistry:Nickel

* 58.693
* 58.6934(4)

| Chemistry:Copper

* 63.546(3)
* 63.546(3)

| Chemistry:Zinc

* 65.38(2)
* 65.38(2)

| Chemistry:Gallium

* 69.723
* 69.723(1)

| Chemistry:Germanium

* 72.630(8)
* 72.630(8)

| Chemistry:Arsenic

* 74.922
* 74.921595(6)

| Chemistry:Selenium

* 78.971(8)
* 78.971(8)

| Chemistry:Bromine

* 79.904
* [79.901, 79.907]

| Chemistry:Krypton

* 83.798(2)
* 83.798(2)

5 | Chemistry:Rubidium

* 85.468
* 85.4678(3)

| Chemistry:Strontium

* 87.62
* 87.62(1)

| Chemistry:Yttrium

* 88.906
* 88.90584(1)

|  | Chemistry:Zirconium

* 91.224(2)
* 91.224(2)

| Chemistry:Niobium

* 92.906
* 92.90637(1)

| Chemistry:Molybdenum

* 95.95
* 95.95(1)

| Chemistry:Technetium

[97]

| Chemistry:Ruthenium

* 101.07(2)
* 101.07(2)

| Chemistry:Rhodium

* 102.91
* 102.90549(2)

| Chemistry:Palladium

* 106.42
* 106.42(1)

| Chemistry:Silver

* 107.87
* 107.8682(2)

| Cadmium

* 112.41
* 112.414(4)

| Chemistry:Indium

* 114.82
* 114.818(1)

| Chemistry:Tin

* 118.71
* 118.710(7)

| Chemistry:Antimony

* 121.76
* 121.760(1)

| Chemistry:Tellurium

* 127.60(3)
* 127.60(3)

| Chemistry:Iodine

* 126.90
* 126.90447(3)

| Chemistry:Xenon

* 131.29
* 131.293(6)

6 | Chemistry:Caesium

* 132.91
* 132.90545196(6)

| Chemistry:Barium

* 137.33
* 137.327(7)

| Chemistry:Lanthanum

* 138.91
* 138.90547(7)

58-71
| Chemistry:Hafnium

* 178.49(2)
* 178.486(6)

| Chemistry:Tantalum

* 180.95
* 180.94788(2)

| Chemistry:Tungsten

* 183.84
* 183.84(1)

| Chemistry:Rhenium

* 186.21
* 186.207(1)

| Chemistry:Osmium

* 190.23(3)
* 190.23(3)

| Chemistry:Iridium

* 192.22
* 192.217(2)

| Platinum

* 195.08
* 195.084(9)

| Chemistry:Gold

* 196.97
* 196.966570(4)

| Chemistry:Mercury

* 200.59
* 200.592(3)

| Chemistry:Thallium

* 204.38
* [204.38, 204.39]

| Chemistry:Lead

* 207.2±1.1
* 207.2(1)

| Chemistry:Bismuth

* 208.98
* 208.98040(1)

| Chemistry:Polonium

[209]

| Chemistry:Astatine

[210]

| Chemistry:Radon

[222]

7 | Chemistry:Francium

[223]

| Chemistry:Radium

[226]

| Chemistry:Actinium

[227]

90-103
| Chemistry:Rutherfordium

104

[267]

| Chemistry:Dubnium

105

[268]

| Chemistry:Seaborgium

106

[269]

| Chemistry:Bohrium

107

[270]

| Chemistry:Hassium

108

[269]

| Chemistry:Meitnerium

109

[278]

| Chemistry:Darmstadtium

110

[281]

| Chemistry:Roentgenium

111

[282]

| Chemistry:Copernicium

112

[285]

| Chemistry:Nihonium

113

[286]

| Chemistry:Flerovium

114

[289]

| Chemistry:Moscovium

115

[290]

| Chemistry:Livermorium

116

[293]

| Chemistry:Tennessine

117

[294]

| Chemistry:Oganesson

118

[294]

|  | Chemistry:Cerium

* 140.12
* 140.116(1)

| Chemistry:Praseodymium

* 140.91
* 140.90766(1)

| Chemistry:Neodymium

* 144.24
* 144.242(3)

| Chemistry:Promethium

[145]

| Chemistry:Samarium

* 150.36(2)
* 150.36(2)

| Chemistry:Europium

* 151.96
* 151.964(1)

| Chemistry:Gadolinium

* 157.25(3)
* 157.25(3)

| Chemistry:Terbium

* 158.93
* 158.925354(8)

| Chemistry:Dysprosium

* 162.50
* 162.500(1)

| Chemistry:Holmium

* 164.93
* 164.930328(7)

| Chemistry:Erbium

* 167.26
* 167.259(3)

| Chemistry:Thulium

* 168.93
* 168.934218(6)

| Chemistry:Ytterbium

* 173.05
* 173.045(10)

| Chemistry:Lutetium

* 174.97
* 174.9668(1)

|  | Chemistry:Thorium

* 232.04
* 232.0377(4)

| Chemistry:Protactinium

* 231.04
* 231.03588(1)

| Chemistry:Uranium

* 238.03
* 238.02891(3)

| Chemistry:Neptunium

[237]

| Chemistry:Plutonium

[244]

| Chemistry:Americium

[243]

| Chemistry:Curium

[247]

| Chemistry:Berkelium

[247]

| Chemistry:Californium

[251]

| Chemistry:Einsteinium

[252]

| Chemistry:Fermium

100

[257]

| Chemistry:Mendelevium

101

[258]

| Chemistry:Nobelium

102

[259]

| Chemistry:Lawrencium

103

[266]

1 (red)=Gas 3 (black)=Solid 80 (green)=Liquid 109 (gray)=Unknown Color of the atomic number shows state of matter (at 0 °C and 1 atm)

Primordial From decay Synthetic Border shows natural occurrence of the element

Standard atomic weight Ar, std(E)[2]

* F: 18.998403163(6) -- Standard atomic weight[3]
* C: [12.0096, 12.0116] -- Standard atomic weight is an interval[3]
* F: 18.998, C: 12.011 -- Abridged and conventional value (formal short)[4]
* Po: [209] -- mass number of the most stable isotope

Background color shows subcategory in the metal–metalloid–nonmetal trend:

Metal | Metalloid | Nonmetal | Unknown
chemical
properties

|
|
|

Alkali metal | Alkaline earth metal | Lan­thanide | Actinide | Transition metal | Post-​transition metal | Transition metal | Transition metal

## 32-column layout

## References

* IUPAC periodic table (Retrieved 15 October 2017)
* WebElements Periodic table (professional edition) (Retrieved 20 June 2005)
* Atomic Weights of the Elements 2001, Pure Appl. Chem. 75(8), 1107–1122, 2003
* IUPAC Standard Atomic Weights Revised (2005).
* IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry Third Edition

## Notes

1. ↑ "The periodic table of the elements". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2007-07-22. Archived from the original on 2008-02-13. https://web.archive.org/web/20080213082719/http://www.iupac.org/didac/Didac Eng/Didac01/Content/S01.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-08.
2. ↑ Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 IUPAC 2016, Table 1. sfn error: no target: CITEREFIUPAC2016 (help)
4. ↑ IUPAC 2016, Table 2, 3 combined. sfn error: no target: CITEREFIUPAC2016 (help)

* v
* t
* e

Periodic table

Periodic table forms|

| Standard|

* 18-column
* 32-column

|

Alternative|

* Alternatives
* Janet's left step table

Extended|

* Extension beyond the 7th period
* Aufbau
* Fricke
* Pyykkö

Sets of elements|

| By periodic table structure|

| Groups|

* 1 (Alkali metals)
* 2 (Alkaline earth metals)
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15 (Pnictogens)
* 16 (Chalcogens)
* 17 (Halogens)
* 18 (Noble gases)

|

Periods|

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8+
* Aufbau
* Fricke
* Pyykkö

Blocks|

* s-block
* p-block
* d-block
* f-block
* g-block
* Aufbau principle

By metallicity|

| Metals|

* Alkali metals
* Alkaline earth metals
* Lanthanides
* Actinides
* Transition metals
* Post-transition metals

|

Metalloids|

* Lists of metalloids by source
* Dividing line

Nonmetals|

* Reactive nonmetals
* Noble gases

Other sets|

* Platinum-group metals (PGM)
* Rare-earth elements
* Refractory metals
* Precious metals
* Coinage metals
* Noble metal
* Heavy metals
* Native metals
* Transuranium elements
* Superheavy elements
* Major actinides
* Minor actinides

Elements|

| Lists|

* By: Abundance (in humans)
* Atomic properties
* Nuclear stability
* Production
* Symbol

|

Properties|

* Crystal structure
* Electron configuration
* Electronegativity
* Goldschmidt classification
* Term symbol

Data pages|

* Abundance
* Atomic radius
* Boiling point
* Critical point
* Density
* Elasticity
* Electrical resistivity
* Electron affinity
* Electron configuration
* Electronegativity
* Hardness
* Heat capacity
* Heat of fusion
* Heat of vaporization
* Ionization energy
* Melting point
* Oxidation state
* Speed of sound
* Thermal conductivity
* Thermal expansion coefficient
* Vapor pressure

History|

* Element discoveries
* Mendeleev's predictions
* Naming
* etymology
* controversies
* for places
* for people
* in East Asia

See also|

* IUPAC
* nomenclature
* systematic element name
* Trivial name
* Dmitri Mendeleev

* Book
* Category

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