Trial by television in golf tournaments

Short description: Phenomenon in sport

Golf is an unusual sport in that television viewers can directly influence the outcome of a game by reporting rules infringements which would otherwise have been missed. Numerous golfers have been penalized at, or disqualified from, televised tournaments after a rules infringement which was not spotted by players or a referee at the time but was later noticed by a member of the public and communicated to tournament officials by phone, tweet or email. If a player has already signed their scorecard by the time such an infringement is discovered, disqualification is frequently the outcome. In April 2011, the USGA and The R&A announced a rule change which would allow players to avoid disqualification if a rules infringement was discovered after they had signed their scorecard.[1] In December 2017, the same bodies announced a local rule change which would greatly limit the number of such incidents from 1 January 2018.[2]

## Instances of golf tournaments being influenced by television viewers

Date | Player | Tournament | Details

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1987-02-07 | Craig Stadler | Shearson Lehman Brothers Andy Williams Open | At the 14th hole in his third round at Torrey Pines in 1987,[3] Stadler knelt on a towel as he set up for a shot under the overhanging branches of a tree. TV viewers rang tournament organizers to point out that he had broken rule 13–3, which prohibits building a stance. He was disqualified after appearing to finish in a tie for second place.[4] In 1995, Stadler got revenge on the tree which had caused him so much trouble when Torrey Pines offered him the opportunity to cut it down.[5]
1991-02-28 | Paul Azinger | Doral-Ryder Open | Azinger received a retrospective 2 shot penalty during his second round at Doral Country Club after a TV viewer from Colorado[6] noticed that he had dislodged a stone while taking his stance in a water hazard on the 18th hole of his first round. Azinger was only one shot off the lead at the time but was penalized under rule 13-4[7] for moving a loose impediment in a hazard and disqualified for signing for an incorrect score.[8]
2011-01-06 | Camilo Villegas | Tournament of Champions | Villegas was disqualified after the second round at Kapalua, Hawaii, when a TV viewer pointed out a rules infringement on his 15th hole.[9] After twice chipping up a slope only to see the ball roll back to him, he had brushed away some grass from in front of his divot while the ball was still rolling.[10] A two shot penalty was enforced after he'd signed his scorecard, which resulted in disqualification for signing for an incorrect score.
2013-04-12 | Tiger Woods | Masters Tournament | Woods was penalized 2 shots for taking an incorrect drop on the 15th hole of his second round after finding water at the par 5. PGA Tour Champions golfer and experienced rules official, David Eger, spotted the breach on television and contacted tournament officials but following an initial review of the incident, it was decided that no offense had taken place. However, in a post-round interview with ESPN, Woods unknowingly incriminated himself by saying that he dropped "two yards"[11] behind the location of the original shot. Officials then had no choice but to reverse their decision and apply a 2 shot penalty under rule 33–7, which allows the committee to waive disqualification.[12] Nick Faldo called for Woods to withdraw because he had knowingly dropped in the wrong place but he declined to do so.[13]
2013-05-03 | Sergio García | Wells Fargo Championship | García was cleared of any wrongdoing after a TV viewer claimed that he'd replaced his ball incorrectly on the 17th hole of his second round at Quail Hollow. His 68 stood after rules officials reviewed footage of the incident and decided that García had no case to answer.[14]
2013-06-13 | Steve Stricker | U.S. Open | A television viewer notified USGA officials that Stricker had improved the lie in an area where he intended to take a drop after a poor tee shot on the 3rd hole of his 1st round at the 2013 US Open at Merion Golf Club, Pennsylvania.[15] Officials reviewed footage of the alleged incident and determined that no rule had been broken.
2013-06-13 | Adam Scott | U.S. Open | Several television viewers thought that Scott had grounded his club in a hazard on the 5th hole of his 1st round at the 2013 US Open at Merion Golf Club.[16] A rules official discussed the incident with Scott after the round and determined that no rule had been broken.
2011-01-20 | Pádraig Harrington | Abu Dhabi Golf Championship | Harrington brushed his ball and moved it very slightly closer to the hole as he removed his ball marker on the 16th green in his first round and was given a retrospective two-stroke penalty. As he had already signed his scorecard, he was disqualified for signing for a wrong score.[17] Harrington later stated that he had been sure that the ball returned to its original position after he touched it but slow motion replays showed that it had moved forward 'three dimples' and back 'maybe a dimple and a half'.[18] European Tour senior referee, Andy McFee, had to watch footage of the incident about 60 times[19] before concluding that an infringement had actually occurred.
2010-08-23 | Juli Inkster | Safeway Classic | Inkster was disqualified after swinging a weighted training aid during a 30-minute wait on the 10th tee during her third round, after a television viewer contacted tournament organizers to query the use of the aid. While rules staff at the tournament made the initial ruling, they also contacted the USGA for confirmation.[20] She was informed of the disqualification after leaving the final green and stated that she was unaware that she had broken any rule.[21]
2012-11-16 | Yoo Sun-young | CME Group Titleholders | Yoo Sun-young was penalized 1 shot for an incorrect drop on the 14th hole of her second round after several TV viewers tweeted that her arm was below horizontal when she dropped the ball after taking an unplayable lie.[22]
2013-03-16 | Stacy Lewis | RR Donnelley LPGA Founders Cup | Lewis was penalized 2 shots after a TV viewer noticed her caddie testing the sand in a fairway bunker on the 16th hole of her third round.[23] He had appeared to bounce on his right foot in an apparent attempt to gauge the thickness of the sand, thus violating rule 13–4.[24] Lewis went on to win the tournament after a final round 64[25] and afterwards thanked the caller who had reported the rule breach, because it gave her more motivation.[26]
2017-04-02 | Lexi Thompson | ANA Inspiration | Thompson was penalized 4 shots as she walked off the 12th hole in the final round at Mission Hills Country Club, California after a TV viewer called in to point out that she had incorrectly replaced her ball on the 17th green the previous day. The LPGA didn't reach a decision on the penalty until midway through the final round, when she was penalized two shots for an incorrect ball placement and a further two shots for signing an incorrect scorecard.[27] Despite this, she fought back to get into a playoff, eventually losing to Ryu So-yeon.[28][29]
2012-02-19 | Peter Whiteford | Avantha Masters | Whiteford was disqualified early in the final round after TV viewers reported that his ball had moved prior to playing his 3rd shot to the 18th hole of his 3rd round. Those present at the incident had agreed that the ball hadn't moved but TV replays confirmed that it had, so Whiteford was penalized one shot and disqualified for signing for an incorrect score.[30]
2005-03-25 | Colin Montgomerie | Indonesian Open | Montgomerie left the course without marking his ball[31] following a weather warning while preparing to play his third shot on the 14th hole of his second round at Cengkareng Golf Club. On returning the next day and finding that his ball had been removed, he placed a new ball in a position which allowed him to take a much easier stance and save par.[32] While the tournament referee and his playing partners were initially happy with the ball's placement, Søren Kjeldsen and Gerry Norquist later contacted tour officials to express concern after viewing television pictures of the incident.[33] No action was taken at the time but European Tour chief referee, John Paramor, later reviewed the footage and stated that he would have applied a two shot penalty in that situation.[34] On viewing video of the incident, Montgomerie admitted that the ball had been replaced incorrectly and donated his £24,000 winnings to charity,[35] an action which some viewed as an admission of cheating.[36] However, he retained the world ranking points that came with his tied 4th-place finish,[37] which he needed in an attempt to regain a place in the world's top 50 and become eligible for the upcoming US Masters. Although cleared of any wrongdoing at the time, the Players' Tournament Committee later issued a carefully worded statement to express their dissatisfaction with Montgomerie's actions.[38] and the incident fuelled a long running feud with Sandy Lyle.[39]
2013-10-25 | Simon Dyson | BMW Masters | Dyson was tied for second going into the 3rd round but was disqualified after being penalized for touching the line of his putt on the 8th green during his second round, a breach of rule 16-1a.[40] Chief referee, John Paramor, had viewed footage of the incident after several television viewers had contacted tournament officials to report that Dyson had tapped something down with his ball on the line of his putt.[41] Having therefore signed for an incorrect score, Dyson was disqualified. A three-man disciplinary panel later fined him £30,000 and gave him a 2-month ban, suspended for 18 months, for deliberately pressing down a spike mark despite knowing it to be against the rules.[42] The director of tour operations had decided that extra investigation was required after officials found evidence of other similar violations earlier in the season.[43]
2012-05-24 | Graeme McDowell | BMW PGA Championship | McDowell's drive on the 18th hole of his 1st round at Wentworth finished in trees on the right of the fairway. After playing his second shot, he asked on-course reporter, Richard Boxall, to have the Sky Sports studio team review the tape to determine if the ball had moved before he addressed it but by the time it was found that it had rotated by 'a couple of dimples',[44] a TV viewer had already called Sky to report the infraction.[45] McDowell was therefore penalized 2 shots – one for causing his ball to move and one for not replacing it after it was deemed to have moved while he was still 10 feet away from it.[46] The first penalty shot was unavoidable under the rules but the second could've been avoided if McDowell had had the incident reviewed before taking his second shot.[47] He stated afterwards that players had become scared of trial by TV.[48]
2017-07-09 | Jon Rahm | Dubai Duty Free Irish Open | Rahm escaped penalty after appearing to replace his ball incorrectly on the 6th green[49] of his final round at Portstewart Golf Club. His birdie putt finished on playing partner, Daniel Im's, ball marker, so he marked his ball to the side and then moved his marker one putter head away to avoid Im's line.[50] However, when replacing the ball, he appeared to place it in front of the marker rather than beside it.[51] Tour officials received 4 emails from television viewers regarding the incident but were already aware of it.[52] The tournament's chief referee, Andy McFee, spoke to Rahm on the 13th green and accepted that he had 'definitely made the effort'[53] to replace the ball correctly. Some professional golfers, including Brandel Chamblee and Steve Flesch expressed concern that Rahm escaped penalty because it was accepted that it was not his 'intent' to cheat.[54] Rahm won the tournament by 6 shots[55] and later explained that his unorthodox marking had been done to save time as it was raining.[56]
2005-05-12 | Miguel Ángel Martín | British Masters | A television viewer notified tournament officials that Martin had stood on a sapling which would've interfered with his swing while taking a stance for a shot on the 9th hole (his 18th) at the Forest of Arden, thus breaching Rule 13–2.[57] European Tour chief referee, John Paramor, said that since he could've taken his stance without standing on the sapling, he should've incurred a penalty of 2 strokes.[58] Since Martin had already submitted his card without including the penalty, he was disqualified for signing for a wrong score.[59] Martin had signed for a 1 under par 71 and was only 2 shots behind the leaders when he was disqualified and stated afterwards that he hadn't thought he was breaking any rules.[60] Martin had previously faced allegations of cheating when Maarten Lafeber accused him of improving his lie at the Portuguese Open in 2002 and only agreed to sign his card under duress.[61]
1980-03-23 | Tom Watson | MONY Tournament of Champions | Tom Watson was penalized 2 shots after television microphones picked up a comment from Lee Trevino, saying that Watson had advised him to change his stance during the final round at La Costa.[62] After a TV viewer called officials to highlight the rule breach, Watson was asked about the incident and admitted giving Trevino advice. He was penalized 2 strokes under rule 8-1 but still went on to win by 3 shots from Jim Colbert.[63]
2013-09-13 | Tiger Woods | BMW Championship | Woods was penalized 2 shots after a freelance videographer for PGA Tour Entertainment filmed his ball moving slightly on the 1st hole of his 2nd round at Conway Farms Golf Club and an editor spotted the infringement while working on the footage.[64] A 1 shot penalty was assessed under Rule 18-2a when Woods moved a twig near his ball, causing it to move but because he did not then replace the ball, a further 1 shot penalty was applied.[65] Slugger White, the PGA Tour VP of Rules and Competitions, advised Woods not to sign his card until he had seen video footage of the incident.[66] Woods vehemently disagreed with the rules officials' view that his ball had moved from its position, insisting instead that it had merely oscillated.[67] He was furious after being notified of the penalty[68] and reportedly punched a wall in anger.[69] The resulting quadruple bogey 8 changed his score for the round from 70 to 72 but Woods escaped disqualification because the issue was raised before he signed his card.[70]
2018-11-30 | Tiger Woods | Hero World Challenge | On the 18th hole of his second round, Woods missed the fairway to the right, his ball eventually finishing at the base of a bush in a native area.[71] Playing on his knees and with a much restricted backswing, Woods used an 8 iron to hit the ball 15 yards forward into the rough, from where he proceeded to double bogey the hole en route to a score of 69.[72] Slow motion, ultra high definition video replays of the shot prompted commentators to suggest that Woods may have either hit the ball twice or scooped it back into play, potentially in violation of Rule 14-1 or Rule 14–4. After completing the round, Woods reviewed footage of the incident in the scorer's hut with rules officials, who decided that no penalty would be applied.[73] He later admitted that even though he had intended to play a legitimate shot and thought he had done so, video footage of the incident did appear to show a double hit. Woods avoided a penalty due to a decision in the rules of golf that was introduced in 2017, which states that a penalty will not be applied in circumstances where the infraction is only visible using the degree of precision that can be provided by video technology.[74][75]
2021-03-11 | Viktor Hovland | The Players Championship | After his first round, Hovland received a phone call from a TV viewer, alerting him to the fact that he had putted from the wrong place on the 15th green, in violation of rule 14.7.[76] After receiving the call (from his mother who was watching in Norway), he immediately rang rules officials and requested a review of the incident.[77] Video footage confirmed that he had moved his ball by the length of a putter head after finishing on Justin Thomas's line but then moved it an additional putter head in the wrong direction instead of returning the ball to its original location. Hovland stated that he had no recollection of breaking the rule but accepted the penalty,[78] thus increasing his score for the round from 70 to 72. He avoided disqualification thanks to Rule 3.3b, which allows a player to be retroactively penalised shots for unknowingly violating a rule.[79]
2025-07-18 | Shane Lowry | The Open Championship | On the par-5 12th hole of his second round, Lowry took a practice swing in the left rough, where his drive had finished.[80] While playing the 15th hole in the same round, he was informed by a rules official that the broadcast TV feed appeared to show his ball move when he took that practice swing.[81] Following a 20 minute review, the R&A stated that they considered Lowry's ball to have moved in a "clear" manner and applied a one shot penalty for causing the ball to move and a further shot penalty for playing from the wrong place.[82] Lowry maintained that he had been hadn't seen any movement despite looking towards the ball at the time but accepted the ruling as he did not want to be thought a cheat.[83] Many commentators stated that the ruling was unduly harsh and that officials should've accepted Lowry's word that he didn't see the ball move,[84] while the R&A stated that the 'naked eye' test applies whether the player saw the movement or not.[85] The penalty increased Lowry's score for the round from 70 to 72 but he still made the cut, eventually finishing T40th.[86]

## Sources

1. ↑ "Rule changed to spare players from being DQ'd in cases of 'trial by TV'". PGA of America. http://www.pga.com/rule-changed-spare-players-being-dqd-in-cases-trial-tv.
2. ↑ Ferguson, Doug (11 December 2017). "Golf tours to eliminate 2-shot penalty for TV call-in reviews". Chicago Tribune. http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/golf/ct-golf-tv-rules-violation-lexi-thompson-20171211-story.html.
3. ↑ Strege, John (December 12, 2017). "The man who took the call that DQ'd Craig Stadler, empowering viewers to phone in rules violations for next 30 years". Golf Digest. https://www.golfdigest.com/story/the-man-who-took-the-call-that-dqd-craig-stadler-empowering-viewers-to-phone-in-rules-violations-for-next-30-years. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
4. ↑ Holbreich, Curt (18 February 1988). "Craig Stadler, One Year After : He Throws in the Towel Over Last Year's Incident". Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-02-18-sp-43560-story.html.
5. ↑ "Craig Stadler Takes a Knee, Gets DQ'd at Torrey Pines". Golf Magazine. October 19, 2015. http://www.golf.com/tour-and-news/craig-stadler-takes-knee-gets-dqd-torrey-pines. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
6. ↑ Diaz, Jaime (2 March 1991). "Busy Round: Perry Leads; Nicklaus Has 63; Azinger Disqualified". The New York Times: p. 43 (section 1). https://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/02/sports/busy-round-perry-leads-nicklaus-has-63-azinger-disqualified.html.
7. ↑ Shapiro, Leonard (8 March 1991). "Azinger Case Reveals New Golf Hazard TV Watchers". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/sports/1991/03/08/azinger-case-reveals-new-golf-hazard-tv-watchers/87b28a46-b380-4f9c-8886-bc38b3ff3496/.
8. ↑ Mayo, Michael (2 March 1991). "Doral`s Agony And Ecstasy Azinger Shoots 65, Then Learns of DQ". Sun Sentinel (Florida). http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1991-03-02/sports/9101110288_1_incorrect-scorecard-two-stroke-penalty-paul-azinger.
9. ↑ "Villegas disqualified from Kapalua after viewer phones in rules violation". PGA of America. http://www.pga.com/camilo-villegas-disqualified-kapalua-after-viewer-phones-in-rules-violation.
10. ↑ McAllister, Mike (January 7, 2011). "Villegas DQ'd after rules violation". PGA Tour. https://www.pgatour.com/tourreport/2011/01/villegas-dqs-after-rules-violation.html.
11. ↑ "The Story Behind Tiger's Ruling at the Masters: How Woods Was Saved From Disqualification". Golf Magazine. January 7, 2015. http://www.golf.com/tour-and-news/tiger-woods-drop-masters-2013-inside-story. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
12. ↑ "Tiger Woods receives two-stroke penalty, not disqualification at Masters". Golf Magazine. April 13, 2013. http://www.golf.com/ap-news/tiger-woods-gets-reprieve-masters. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
13. ↑ Harig, Bob (April 13, 2013). "Tiger Woods penalized 2 shots". ESPN. http://www.espn.com/golf/masters13/story/_/id/9167230/2013-masters-tiger-penalized-2-strokes-ball-drop-15.
14. ↑ "Sergio Garcia cleared after ball-marking probe at Wells Fargo Championship". 4 May 2013. http://www.skysports.com/golf/news/12232/8690749/sergio-garcia-cleared-after-ball-marking-probe-at-wells-fargo-championship.
15. ↑ Williamson, Peter (15 June 2013). "Stricker latest to get trial by TV treatment". Irish Examiner. http://www.irishexaminer.com/sport/golf/stricker-latest-to-get-trial-by-tv-treatment-234239.html.
16. ↑ Harig, Bob (June 13, 2013). "Viewers inquire about Adam Scott". ESPN. https://www.espn.com/golf/usopen13/story/_/id/9385211/2013-us-open-adam-scott-eyed-rules-violation-cleared.
17. ↑ Garside, Kevin (21 January 2011). "Padraig Harrington disqualified from Abu Dhabi HSBC Championship". The Daily Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/golf/8273207/Padraig-Harrington-disqualified-from-Abu-Dhabi-HSBC-Championship.html.
18. ↑ Donegan, Lawrence (21 January 2011). "Padraig Harrington disqualification prompts calls for rule changes". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2011/jan/21/padraig-harrington-disqualification-abu-dhabi.
19. ↑ Mahoney, Paul (January 21, 2011). "Padraig Harrington disqualified after viewer e-mails rules violation". Golf Magazine. http://www.golf.com/tour-and-news/padraig-harrington-disqualified-after-viewer-e-mails-rules-violation. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
20. ↑ "Inkster DQ'd from LPGA Safeway Classic". Golf Magazine. August 21, 2010. http://www.golf.com/ap-news/inkster-dqd-lpga-safeway-classic. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
21. ↑ "Juli Inkster disqualified". ESPN. Associated Press. August 21, 2010. https://www.espn.com/golf/news/story?id=5482498.
22. ↑ Kay, Emily (November 16, 2012). "LPGA's Twitter campaign leads to rules brouhaha at Titleholders tourney". https://www.sbnation.com/golf/2012/11/16/3655622/lpga-yoo-sun-young.
23. ↑ Pennington, Bill; Crouse, Karen (13 April 2013). "Attention, Second-Guessers: Golf Takes Calls (and Texts)". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/14/sports/golf/television-viewers-flag-rule-violations-as-golf-officials-take-note.html.
24. ↑ Judd, Jenny (March 18, 2013). "Lesson Learned: Turn Penalties into Positives". PGA of America. https://www.pga.com/golf-instruction/lesson-learned/fundamentals/stacy-lewis-keys-victory-lpga-founders-cup.
25. ↑ "RR Donnelley LPGA Founders Cup Leaderboard". Golf Channel. http://www.golfchannel.com/tours/lpga/2013/rr-donnelley-lpga-founders-cup.
26. ↑ Bacon, Shane (March 18, 2013). "Stacy Lewis thanked the viewer who called in a penalty on her caddie, won event anyway". https://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/golf-devil-ball-golf/stacy-lewis-thanked-viewer-called-penalty-her-caddie-150651218--golf.html?guccounter=1.
27. ↑ "Golfer penalized day later, loses lead after tv viewer alerts officials to improper ball placement". Fox4. Associated Press. April 3, 2017. http://fox4kc.com/2017/04/03/golfer-penalized-day-later-loses-lead-after-tv-viewer-alerts-officials-to-improper-ball-placement/.
28. ↑ Berhow, Josh (April 3, 2017). "Lexi given 4-stroke penalty after TV viewer spots rules violation, loses in playoff". Golf Magazine. http://www.golf.com/tour-news/2017/04/02/lexi-thompson-given-four-stroke-penalty-after-viewer-notifies-lpga-rules-violation/. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
29. ↑ "Lexi Thompson gets 4-shot penalty, loses major after viewer tip". ESPN. Associated Press. April 2, 2017. https://www.espn.com/golf/story/_/id/19062269/lexi-thompson-gets-4-shot-penalty-loses-major-viewer-tip/.
30. ↑ "Peter Whiteford disqualified over ball-moving incident". BBC Sport. 9 February 2012. https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/golf/17088739.
31. ↑ Mair, Lewine (12 May 2005). "Montgomerie takes the rap for ball blunder". The Daily Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/golf/europeantour/2359501/Montgomerie-takes-the-rap-for-ball-blunder.html.
32. ↑ Harig, Bob (January 28, 2009). "Monty's made for match play". ESPN. http://www.espn.com/golf/columns/story?columnist=harig_bob&id=3861668.
33. ↑ Donegan, Lawrence (12 May 2005). "When Kjeldsen spilled the beans on Montgomerie's ball mystery". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2005/may/12/golf.lawrencedonegan.
34. ↑ Donegan, Lawrence (12 May 2005). "Montgomerie rebuked over ball blunder". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2005/may/12/golf.lawrencedonegan1.
35. ↑ "Montgomerie's Indonesian gaffe prompts R&A to reconsider rules". The Scotsman. 13 October 2005. https://www.scotsman.com/sport/golf/montgomerie-s-indonesian-gaffe-prompts-r-amp-a-to-reconsider-rules-1-1100068.
36. ↑ Reason, Mark (29 May 2005). "Evans out in the open over Montgomerie affair". The Daily Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/golf/europeantour/2360331/Evans-out-in-the-open-over-Montgomerie-affair.html.
37. ↑ "Wirachant wins by five shots". http://www.golftoday.co.uk/tours/2005/Enjoy_Jakarta_Indonesia_Open/round4report.html.
38. ↑ Corrigan, James (28 May 2005). "Monty under a cloud as 'Jakartagate' unrest grows". The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/golf/monty-under-a-cloud-as-jakartagate-unrest-grows-492429.html.
39. ↑ "The Open: Colin Montgomerie is a cheat, says Sandy Lyle". The Daily Telegraph. 14 June 2009. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/golf/theopen/5823648/The-Open-Colin-Montgomerie-is-a-cheat-says-Sandy-Lyle.html.
40. ↑ Corrigan, James (26 October 2013). "Simon Dyson disqualified from BMW Masters after cruel trial-by-TV conviction". The Daily Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/golf/10406606/Simon-Dyson-disqualified-from-BMW-Masters-after-cruel-trial-by-TV-conviction.html.
41. ↑ Metcalfe, Nick (October 28, 2013). "Simon Dyson disqualified at BMW Masters after trial by TV". Metro. http://metro.co.uk/2013/10/28/simon-dyson-faces-further-problems-after-trial-by-tv-forces-disqualification-4164293/.
42. ↑ "Dyson Punished After European Tour Hearing". Sky News. 5 December 2013. https://news.sky.com/story/dyson-punished-after-european-tour-hearing-10425572.
43. ↑ Brown, Oliver (31 October 2013). "Simon Dyson facing prospect of European Tour ban following his disqualification from the BMW Masters". The Daily Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/golf/10416403/Simon-Dyson-facing-prospect-of-European-Tour-ban-following-his-disqualification-from-the-BMW-Masters.html.
44. ↑ Mahoney, Paul (May 24, 2012). "McDowell eight shots back after bizarre penalty at BMW PGA Championship". Golf Magazine. http://www.golf.com/tour-and-news/graeme-mcdowell-eight-shots-back-after-bizarre-penalty-bmw-pga-championship. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
45. ↑ Garside, Kevin (24 May 2012). "Trial by television sees Graeme McDowell fall foul of ridiculous regulation". The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/golf/trial-by-television-sees-graeme-mcdowell-fall-foul-of-ridiculous-regulation-7786073.html.
46. ↑ Tait, Alistair (May 24, 2012). "McDowell's two-stroke penalty a bit much". Golfweek. https://golfweek.com/2012/05/24/mcdowell-stunned-freak-incident-wentworth/magazine. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
47. ↑ "Graeme McDowell hits out at 'strange little fiddly rules' after two-stroke penalty at Wentworth". The Daily Telegraph. 24 May 2012. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/golf/9288182/Graeme-McDowell-hits-out-at-strange-little-fiddly-rules-after-two-stroke-penalty-at-Wentworth.html.
48. ↑ "McDowell: Players scared of trial by TV". The Scotsman. 25 May 2012. https://www.scotsman.com/sport/golf/mcdowell-players-scared-of-trial-by-tv-1-2317120.
49. ↑ "Jon Rahm avoids penalty for not replacing ball correctly at Irish Open". 9 July 2017. http://www.skysports.com/golf/news/12040/10943019/jon-rahm-avoids-penalty-for-not-replacing-ball-correctly-at-irish-open.
50. ↑ "Rahm puts trial by TV out of his mind -- with help from Eminem". ESPN. June 19, 2017. https://www.espn.com/golf/theopen17/story/_/id/20093071/golf-icymi-open-henrik-stenson-sky-high-ambitions-claret-jug.
51. ↑ Gaines, Cork (July 9, 2017). "Jon Rahm wins Irish Open after controversial non-penalty decision – here's what happened". https://www.businessinsider.com/jon-rahm-wins-irish-open-no-penalty-2017-7.
52. ↑ Tait, Alistair (July 9, 2017). "Jon Rahm avoids penalty for mis-marking ball at Irish Open". Golfweek. https://golfweek.com/2017/07/09/european-tour-jon-rahm-no-penalty-for-mis-marking-ball-at-irish-open-explanation/. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
53. ↑ "Jon Rahm avoids penalty at Irish Open". The Independent. Press Association. 9 July 2017. https://www.independent.ie/sport/jon-rahm-avoids-penalty-at-irish-open-35911374.html.
54. ↑ Beall, Joel (July 9, 2017). "Did Jon Rahm illegally mark his ball? Here's why he didn't get penalized for a potential rules violation". Golf Digest. https://www.golfdigest.com/story/did-jon-rahm-illegally-mark-his-ball-heres-why-he-didnt-get-penalized-for-a-potential-rules-violation. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
55. ↑ "Irish Open: Jon Rahm wins at Portstewart by six shots after rules scare". BBC Sport. 9 July 2017. https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/golf/40550264.
56. ↑ Brzezinski, Alec (July 9, 2017). "Jon Rahm explains controversial non-penalty after Irish Open win". http://www.sportingnews.com/other-sports/news/jon-rahm-irish-open-win-penalty-moved-ball/1sf91xupokb8s1lj9qk8lgdvuf.
57. ↑ Reid, Philip (13 May 2005). "Funny old day at the office". The Irish Times. https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/funny-old-day-at-the-office-1.441679.
58. ↑ "Eagle-eyed viewer gets Martin disqualified". Irish Examiner. 12 May 2005. https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/sport/eagle-eyed-viewer-gets-martin-disqualified-202268.html.
59. ↑ Donegan, Lawrence (13 May 2005). "Martin the latest to fall foul of viewer power". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2005/may/13/golf.lawrencedonegan.
60. ↑ Smith, David (13 May 2005). "Martin out in new cheating row". Evening Standard. https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/martin-out-in-new-cheating-row-7220055.html.
61. ↑ "Dane pips man-in-million Monty". The Scotsman. 27 May 2002. https://www.scotsman.com/sport/golf/dane-pips-man-in-million-monty-1-568589.
62. ↑ Anderson, Dave (4 December 1983). "Sports Of The Times; Watson-Player Fallout". The New York Times: p. 3 (section 5). https://www.nytimes.com/1983/12/04/sports/sports-of-the-times-watson-player-fallout.html.
63. ↑ McAfee, James. "Pros Can't Give Each Other Advice". http://theaposition.com/jamesamcafee/golf/110/pros-can-t-give-each-other-advice.
64. ↑ Ferguson, Doug (September 14, 2013). "Tiger Woods given 2-shot penalty at BMW Championship". PGA of America. https://www.pga.com/news/pga-tour/tiger-woods-given-2-shot-penalty-bmw-championship.
65. ↑ "Woods given two-shot penalty at BMW Championship". ESPN. September 14, 2013. http://en.espn.co.uk/golf/sport/story/238171.html.
66. ↑ "BMW Championship: Tiger Woods hit with two-shot penalty after second round". 14 September 2013. http://www.skysports.com/golf/news/12232/8920467/bmw-championship-tiger-woods-hit-with-two-shot-penalty-after-second-round.
67. ↑ "Tiger Woods doesn't think he deserved 2-shot penalty at BMW Championship". Golf Magazine. September 14, 2013. http://www.golf.com/ap-news/tiger-woods-doesnt-think-he-deserved-penalty-bmw-championship. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
68. ↑ Corrigan, James (15 September 2013). "Tiger Woods angry over two-shot penalty at BMW Championship". The Daily Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/golf/tigerwoods/10311450/Tiger-Woods-angry-over-two-shot-penalty-at-BMW-Championship.html.
69. ↑ Kay, Emily (September 17, 2013). "Another Tiger Woods penalty controversy raises eyebrows for Johnny Miller". https://www.sbnation.com/golf/2013/9/17/4737628/bmw-championship-2013-tiger-woods-penalty-johnny-miller.
70. ↑ "Tiger Woods hit with 2-shot penalty at BMW for moving ball while removing twigs". Golf Magazine. September 13, 2013. http://www.golf.com/ap-news/woods-given-2-shot-penalty-bmw-championship. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
71. ↑ Myers, Alex (November 30, 2018). "Tiger Woods avoids penalty for double-hitting a shot, but not controversy on Day 2 at Hero World Challenge". Golf Digest. https://www.golfdigest.com/story/tiger-woods-avoids-penalty-for-double-hitting-a-shot-but-not-controversy-on-day-2-at-hero-world-challenge. Retrieved 31 December 2018.
72. ↑ DiMeglio, Steve (November 30, 2018). "Tiger Woods dodges a penalty on the final hole, can't overcome cold putter". USA Today. https://eu.usatoday.com/story/sports/golf/2018/11/30/tiger-woods-dodges-penalty-hero-world-challenge/2166673002/.
73. ↑ "Woods avoids penalty as Rahm & Stenson share Hero World Challenge lead". November 30, 2018. https://sports.yahoo.com/woods-avoids-penalty-rahm-stenson-233709677.html.
74. ↑ Diaz, Jaime (April 25, 2017). "USGA and R&A announce immediate changes limiting power of video evidence in rules decisions". Golf Digest. https://www.golfdigest.com/story/usga-and-randa-announce-immediate-rule-change-limiting-power-of-video-evidence. Retrieved 31 December 2018.
75. ↑ Romine, Brentley (November 30, 2018). "Tiger Woods cards 69, avoids penalty at Hero World Challenge". Golfweek. https://golfweek.com/2018/11/30/tiger-woods-cards-69-awaits-ruling-at-hero-world-challenge/. Retrieved 31 December 2018.
76. ↑ Morfit, Cameron (March 11, 2021). "Score bumped from 70 to 72 after hitting ball from wrong spot on 15". PGA Tour. https://www.pgatour.com/article/news/latest/2021/03/11/viktor-hovland-assessed-two-shot-penalty-at-the-players-championship-tpc-sawgrass-stadium-course.
77. ↑ Rayson, Zac (March 13, 2021). "Golfer cops penalty at Players – thanks to his mother in Norway". Fox Sports. https://www.foxsports.com.au/golf/the-players-championship/the-players-championship-2021-golf-news-viktor-hovland-penalty-mother-lee-westwood/news-story/9fc92d7074f2b070f3ab2afdfe0a8a70.
78. ↑ Woodard, Adam (March 11, 2021). "Viktor Hovland assessed two-shot penalty Thursday at the Players Championship". Golfweek. https://golfweek-eu.usatoday.com/story/sports/golf/2021/03/11/viktor-hovland-two-shot-penalty-players-championship/76519945007/. Retrieved 28 June 2025.
79. ↑ Lavner, Ryan (March 11, 2021). "Viktor Hovland self-reports penalty after mom’s call, then MCs from The Players". NBC Sports. https://www.nbcsports.com/golf/news/players-2021-viktor-hovland-docked-two-shots-after-mismarking-ball-15. .
80. ↑ Stafford, Ali (July 19, 2025). "The Open: Shane Lowry's penalty explained - What happened, why was he punished, what are the rules and what was said at Royal Portrush?". https://www.skysports.com/golf/news/12176/13398796/the-open-shane-lowrys-penalty-explained-what-happened-why-was-he-punished-what-are-the-rules-and-what-was-said-at-royal-portrush.
81. ↑ Nuggetti, Paolo (July 18, 2025). "Shane Lowry penalized at Open after ball appears to move". ESPN. https://www.espn.co.uk/golf/story/_/id/45770914/shane-lowry-penalized-open-ball-appears-move.
82. ↑ Bantock, Jack (July 19, 2025). "'I didn't see it move': Shane Lowry accepts controversial two-shot Open penalty to avoid social media 'slaughter'". CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2025/07/19/sport/shane-lowry-two-shot-open-penalty-spt. Retrieved 24 July 2025.
83. ↑ Stafford, Ali (July 19, 2025). "The Open: Shane Lowry hit with two-shot penalty after second round at Royal Portrush in major blow to challenge". https://www.skysports.com/golf/news/14866/13398535/the-open-shane-lowry-hit-with-two-shot-penalty-after-second-round-at-royal-portrush-in-major-blow-to-challenge. .
84. ↑ "Was Shane Lowry's costly penalty at Open Championship unfair?". Golf Magazine. July 18, 2025. https://golf.com/news/shane-lowry-open-championship-ruling-unfair/. Retrieved 24 July 2025.
85. ↑ Gray, Andy (July 18, 2025). "Lowry won't be called 'cheat' after Open penalty". BBC Sport. https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/golf/articles/cr5v9035vj7o.
86. ↑ "The Open 2025: Leaderboard, final results from Royal Portrush". NBC Sports. July 20, 2025. https://www.nbcsports.com/golf/news/the-open-2025-leaderboard-final-results-from-royal-portrush.

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