List of production battery electric vehicles

Short description: None

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Tesla Model 3 is the best-selling battery electric automobile in the world since early 2020.[1] Tesla Model Y is the first ever electric vehicle to become the world's best-selling car in the first quarter of 2023, outsold the Toyota Corolla.[2]

This is a list of battery electric vehicles that are mass-produced, formerly produced, and planned. It includes only vehicles exclusively using chemical energy stored in rechargeable battery packs, with no secondary source of propulsion (e.g. hydrogen fuel cell, internal combustion engine, etc.).

## Contents

* 1 Production models
* 1.1 Highway-capable automobiles
* 1.1.1 Outside the Chinese market
* 1.1.2 Chinese-market origin
* 1.2 Non-highway capable automobiles
* 2 Former production models
* 2.1 Post-1995
* 2.2 Pre-1995
* 2.3 Demonstration fleets or prototypes
* 3 Vehicles planned for production
* 4 Motorcycles and scooters
* 5 Buses
* 6 Trucks
* 7 Three-wheelers
* 7.1 Passenger vehicles
* 7.2 Cargo vehicles
* 7.3 Rickshaws
* 8 See also
* 9 Notes
* 10 References
* 11 External links

## Production models

### Highway-capable automobiles

Highway-capable battery electric automobiles capable of 100 km/h (62 mph) highway speed:

#### Outside the Chinese market

Production highway-capable battery electric automobiles originating outside the Chinese market, both dedicated battery electric vehicles (without an ICE-powered counterpart sharing the same body) or non-dedicated battery electric vehicles (based on an ICE-powered vehicle):

Model  | Calendar year
produced  | Body style  | Platform  | Dedicated battery
electric vehicle?[nb 1] | Manufacturer  | Marque origin

|
|
|
|
|
|

Aspark Owl | 2021  | Coupé  |  | Yes  | Aspark  | Japan
Audi Q8 e-tron | 2018  | Crossover SUV  | MLB evo[3] | Yes  | Audi | Germany
Audi e-tron GT | 2021  | Sedan | J1[4] | Yes  | Audi | Germany
Audi Q4 e-tron | 2021  | Crossover SUV  | MEB[5] | Yes  | Audi | Germany
BMW i4 | 2021  | Liftback | CLAR[6] | No  | BMW | Germany
BMW i7  | 2022  | Sedan  | CLAR  | No  | BMW | Germany
BMW iX | 2021  | Crossover SUV  | iX[7] | Yes  | BMW | Germany
BMW iX1  | 2022  | Crossover SUV  | UKL2 | No  | BMW | Germany
BMW iX3 | 2020  | Crossover SUV  | CLAR[8] | No  | BMW | Germany
BrightDrop Zevo | 2022  | Van | BT1  | Yes  | General Motors | United States
Cadillac Lyriq | 2022  | Crossover SUV  | BEV3[9] | Yes  | General Motors | United States
Chevrolet Bolt EUV | 2021  | Crossover SUV  | BEV2[10] | Yes  | General Motors | United States
Chevrolet Bolt EV | 2016  | Hatchback | BEV2[10] | Yes  | General Motors | United States
Citroën e-Berlingo | 2021  | Van  | EMP2 | No  | Stellantis | France
Citroën ë-C3  | 2023  | Hatchback  |  | No  | Stellantis | France
Citroën ë-C4 | 2021  | Crossover SUV and fastback  | eCMP | No  | Stellantis | France
Citroën ë-Jumper/Relay | 2021  | Van  |  | No  | Stellantis | France
Citroën ë-Jumpy/Dispatch/SpaceTourer | 2021  | Van  | EMP2  | No  | Stellantis | France
Cupra Born | 2021  | Hatchback  | MEB  | Yes  | SEAT  | Spain
Dacia Spring Electric  | 2021  | Hatchback  | CMFA-EV[11] | No  | Dacia/Renault | Romania
DS 3 Crossback E-Tense | 2019  | Crossover SUV  | eCMP  | No  | Stellantis | France
Fiat e-Ducato | 2021  | Van  |  | No  | Stellantis | Italy
Fiat e-Scudo/e-Ulysse | 2022  | Van  | EMP2  | No  | Stellantis | Italy
Fiat New 500 | 2020  | Hatchback  |  | Yes  | Stellantis | Italy
Fisker Ocean | 2022  | Crossover SUV  |  | Yes  | Fisker Inc. | United States
Ford E-Transit  | 2021  | Van |  | No  | Ford | United States
Ford F-150 Lightning | 2022  | Pickup truck |  | No  | Ford | United States
Ford Mustang Mach-E  | 2020  | Crossover SUV  | GE1[12] | Yes  | Ford | United States
Genesis Electrified G80  | 2021  | Sedan  | M3  | No  | Genesis Motor  | South Korea
Genesis Electrified GV70  | 2022  | Crossover SUV  | M3  | No  | Genesis Motor  | South Korea
Genesis GV60 | 2021  | Crossover SUV  | E-GMP[13] | Yes  | Genesis Motor  | South Korea
GMC Hummer EV | 2022  | Pickup truck and SUV | BT1[14] | Yes  | General Motors | United States
Honda e | 2020  | Hatchback  |  | Yes  | Honda | Japan
Hyundai Ioniq 5 | 2021  | Crossover SUV  | E-GMP[15] | Yes  | Hyundai | South Korea
Hyundai Ioniq 6 | 2022  | Sedan  | E-GMP  | Yes  | Hyundai | South Korea
Hyundai Kona Electric | 2019  | Crossover SUV  |  | No  | Hyundai | South Korea
Hyundai Porter2 Electric | 2019  | Pickup truck  |  | No  | Hyundai | South Korea
Jaguar I-Pace | 2018  | Crossover SUV  | D7e[16] | Yes  | Jaguar Land Rover | United Kingdom
Kia Bongo EV | 2020  | Pickup truck  |  | No  | Kia | South Korea
Kia EV6 | 2021  | Crossover SUV  | E-GMP[17] | Yes  | Kia | South Korea
Kia Niro EV/e-Niro  | 2018  | Crossover SUV  |  | No  | Kia | South Korea
Kia Ray EV  | 2012  | MPV/minivan |  | No  | Kia | South Korea
Kia Soul EV | 2014  | Crossover SUV  |  | No  | Kia | South Korea
Lexus RZ | 2022  | Crossover SUV  | e-TNGA  | Yes  | Toyota | Japan
Lexus UX 300e | 2020  | Crossover SUV  | TNGA: GA-C[18] | No  | Toyota | Japan
Lordstown Endurance | 2022  | Pickup truck  |  | Yes  | Lordstown Motors | United States
Lotus Eletre | 2023  | Crossover SUV  | EPA[19] | Yes  | Lotus Cars | United Kingdom
Lotus Evija | 2023  | Coupé  | Extreme[20] | Yes  | Lotus Cars | United Kingdom
Lucid Air | 2021  | Sedan  |  | Yes  | Lucid Motors | United States
Mahindra XUV400 | 2022  | Crossover SUV  |  | No  | Mahindra  | India
Maserati Grecale Folgore | 2022  | Crossover SUV  | FCA Giorgio | Yes  | Stellantis | Italy
Mazda MX-30 | 2020  | Crossover SUV  | e-Skyactiv | No  | Mazda | Japan
Mercedes-Benz EQA | 2021  | Crossover SUV  | MFA2  | No  | Mercedes-Benz Group  | Germany
Mercedes-Benz EQB | 2021  | Crossover SUV  | MFA2  | No  | Mercedes-Benz Group  | Germany
Mercedes-Benz EQC | 2021  | Crossover SUV  | MRA  | Yes  | Mercedes-Benz Group  | Germany
Mercedes-Benz EQE | 2022  | Sedan  | EVA  | Yes  | Mercedes-Benz Group  | Germany
Mercedes-Benz EQE SUV  | 2022  | Crossover SUV  | EVA  | Yes  | Mercedes-Benz Group  | Germany
Mercedes-Benz EQS | 2021  | Liftback  | MEA  | Yes  | Mercedes-Benz Group  | Germany
Mercedes-Benz EQS SUV | 2022  | Crossover SUV  | MEA  | Yes  | Mercedes-Benz Group  | Germany
Mercedes-Benz EQV  | 2020  | MPV/minivan  |  | No  | Mercedes-Benz Group  | Germany
Mini Electric/Cooper SE | 2020  | Hatchback  |  | No  | Mini/BMW | United Kingdom
Mitsubishi eK X EV  | 2022  | Hatchback  | KEI-EV  | No  | NMKV | Japan
Mitsubishi Minicab MiEV  | 2011  | Van  |  | No  | Mitsubishi Motors | Japan
Nissan Ariya | 2021  | Crossover SUV  | CMF-EV | Yes  | Nissan | Japan
Nissan Townstar EV | 2021  | Van  | CMF-CD | No  | Nissan (produced by Renault)  | Japan
Nissan Leaf | 2010  | Hatchback  |  | Yes  | Nissan | Japan
Nissan Sakura | 2022  | Hatchback  | KEI-EV  | Yes  | NMKV | Japan
Opel/Vauxhall Combo-e | 2021  | Van  | EMP2  | No  | Stellantis | Germany/United Kingdom
Opel/Vauxhall Corsa Electric | 2019  | Hatchback  | eCMP[21] | No  | Stellantis | Germany/United Kingdom
Opel/Vauxhall Mokka-e | 2020  | Crossover SUV  | eCMP  | No  | Stellantis | Germany/United Kingdom
Opel/Vauxhall Movano-e | 2021  | Van  |  | No  | Stellantis | Germany/United Kingdom
Opel/Vauxhall Vivaro/Zafira-e  | 2021  | Van  | EMP2  | No  | Stellantis | Germany/United Kingdom
Peugeot e-208 | 2019  | Hatchback  | eCMP  | No  | Stellantis | France
Peugeot e-2008 | 2020  | Crossover SUV  | eCMP  | No  | Stellantis | France
Peugeot e-308/e-308 SW | 2022  | Hatchback and station wagon  | EMP2 V3  | No  | Stellantis | France
Peugeot e-Boxer | 2021  | Van  |  | No  | Stellantis | France
Peugeot e-Expert/e-Traveller  | 2021  | Van  | EMP2  | No  | Stellantis | France
Peugeot e-Rifter | 2021  | Van  | EMP2  | No  | Stellantis | France
Pininfarina Battista | 2022  | Coupé  |  | Yes  | Automobili Pininfarina | Germany/Italy
Polestar 2 | 2020  | Liftback  | CMA  | Yes  | Volvo Cars | Sweden
Polestar 3 | 2023  | Crossover SUV  | SPA2 | Yes  | Volvo Cars | Sweden
Porsche Taycan | 2019  | Sedan and shooting brake | J1  | Yes  | Porsche | Germany
Renault Kangoo E-Tech Electric | 2021  | Van  | CMF-CD | No  | Renault | France
Renault Master Z.E./E-Tech Electric | 2018  | Van  |  | No  | Renault | France
Renault Megane E-Tech Electric | 2022  | Crossover SUV  | CMF-EV | Yes  | Renault | France
Renault Twingo Z.E. | 2020  | Hatchback  |  | No  | Renault | France
Renault Zoe | 2012  | Hatchback  |  | Yes  | Renault | France
Rimac Nevera | 2021  | Coupé  |  | Yes  | Rimac Automobili | Croatia
Rivian R1S | 2022  | SUV  |  | Yes  | Rivian | United States
Rivian R1T | 2021  | Pickup truck  |  | Yes  | Rivian | United States
Škoda Enyaq | 2020  | Crossover SUV  | MEB[22] | Yes  | Škoda Auto | Czech Republic
Smart #1 | 2022  | Crossover SUV  | SEA[23] | Yes  | Smart Automobile (produced by Geely)  | Germany
Smart EQ fortwo | 2017  | Hatchback  |  | No  | Smart Automobile  | Germany
SsangYong Korando e-Motion | 2022  | Crossover SUV  |  | No  | KG Mobility | South Korea
Subaru Solterra | 2022  | Crossover SUV  | e-TNGA/e-SGP[24] | Yes  | Subaru (produced by Toyota)  | Japan
Tata Nexon EV  | 2020  | Crossover SUV  |  | No  | Tata Motors Cars  | India
Tata Tiago.ev | 2022  | Hatchback  |  | No  | Tata Motors Cars  | India
Tata Tigor EV  | 2022  | Sedan  |  | No  | Tata Motors Cars  | India
Tesla Model 3 | 2017  | Sedan  | Model 3  | Yes  | Tesla, Inc. | United States
Tesla Model S | 2012  | Liftback  | Model S  | Yes  | Tesla, Inc. | United States
Tesla Model X | 2015  | Crossover SUV  | Model S[25] | Yes  | Tesla, Inc. | United States
Tesla Model Y | 2020  | Crossover SUV  | Model 3[26] | Yes  | Tesla, Inc. | United States
Togg T10X | 2022  | Crossover SUV  |  | Yes  | Togg  | Turkey
Toyota bZ4X | 2022  | Crossover SUV  | e-TNGA[27] | Yes  | Toyota | Japan
Toyota Proace City Electric | 2021  | Van  | EMP2  | No  | Toyota (produced by Stellantis)  | Japan
Toyota Proace Electric  | 2021  | Van  | EMP2  | No  | Toyota (produced by Stellantis)  | Japan
Volkswagen e-Crafter  | 2018  | Van  |  | No  | Volkswagen | Germany
Volkswagen e-Up!  | 2013  | Hatchback  | NSF[28] | No  | Volkswagen | Germany
Volkswagen ID.3 | 2020  | Hatchback  | MEB  | Yes  | Volkswagen | Germany
Volkswagen ID.4 | 2020  | Crossover SUV  | MEB  | Yes  | Volkswagen | Germany
Volkswagen ID.5 | 2022  | Crossover SUV  | MEB  | Yes  | Volkswagen | Germany
Volkswagen ID. Buzz | 2022  | MPV/minivan  | MEB  | Yes  | Volkswagen | Germany
Volvo C40 Recharge | 2021  | Crossover SUV  | CMA | No  | Volvo Cars | Sweden
Volvo EX90 | 2023  | Crossover SUV  | SPA2[29] | Yes  | Volvo Cars | Sweden
Volvo XC40 Recharge | 2020  | Crossover SUV  | CMA  | No  | Volvo Cars | Sweden
VinFast VF e34 | 2021  | Crossover SUV  |  | Yes  | VinFast | Vietnam
VinFast VF 5 | 2023  | Crossover SUV  |  | Yes  | VinFast | Vietnam
VinFast VF 8 | 2021  | Crossover SUV  |  | Yes  | VinFast | Vietnam
VinFast VF 9 | 2021  | Crossover SUV  |  | Yes  | VinFast | Vietnam

#### Chinese-market origin

Wuling Hongguang Mini EV is the best-selling electric car in China.[30]

Current production highway-capable battery electric automobiles originating within the Chinese market, including vehicles produced by Chinese manufacturers for domestic market and export markets, and vehicles developed by foreign manufacturers that are only offered in the Chinese market:

Model  | Calendar year
produced  | Body style  | Manufacturer  | Marque origin

|
|
|
|

Aion LX  | 2019  | Crossover SUV  | GAC Group  | China
Aion S | 2019  | Sedan  | GAC Group  | China
Aion V | 2020  | Crossover SUV  | GAC Group  | China
Aion Y | 2021  | Crossover SUV  | GAC Group  | Chna
Aiways U5  | 2019  | Crossover SUV  | Aiways | China
Aiways U6  | 2021  | Crossover SUV  | Aiways | China
Arcfox Lite | 2017  | Microcar hatchback  | BAIC Group  | China
Arcfox α-S | 2021  | Sedan  | BAIC Group  | China
Arcfox α-T | 2020  | Crossover SUV  | BAIC Group  | China
Audi Q2L e-Tron  | 2019  | Crossover SUV  | Audi | Germany
Audi Q5 e-tron | 2021  | Crossover SUV  | Audi | Germany
Baojun E100 | 2017  | Microcar hatchback  | SAIC-GM-Wuling  | China
Baojun E200/Wuling Nano EV | 2018  | Microcar hatchback  | SAIC-GM-Wuling  | China
Baojun E300/KiWi EV | 2020  | Microcar hatchback  | SAIC-GM-Wuling  | China
Baojun Yep | 2023  | Mini SUV  | SAIC-GM-Wuling  | China
Bestune E01 | 2021  | Crossover SUV  | FAW Group  | China
Bestune NAT | 2021  | MPV/minivan  | FAW Group  | China
BJEV EC3 | 2016  | Hatchback  | BAIC Group  | China
BJEV EC5/Senova X25  | 2019  | Hatchback  | BAIC Group  | China
BJEV EU5/Beijing EU5 | 2018  | Sedan  | BAIC Group  | China
BJEV EU7/Beijing EU7 | 2019  | Sedan  | BAIC Group  | China
BMW i3 (G28) | 2022  | Sedan  | BMW | Germany
Buick Electra E5 | 2022  | Crossover SUV  | General Motors (SAIC-GM)  | United States
Buick Velite 6 | 2019  | Station wagon | General Motors (SAIC-GM)  | United States
Buick Velite 7 | 2020  | Crossover SUV  | General Motors (SAIC-GM)  | United States
BYD Atto 3/Yuan Plus | 2022  | Crossover SUV  | BYD Auto | China
BYD Dolphin | 2021  | Hatchback  | BYD Auto | China
BYD e1 | 2019  | Hatchback  | BYD Auto | China
BYD e2 | 2019  | Hatchback  | BYD Auto | China
BYD e3 | 2019  | Sedan  | BYD Auto | China
BYD e6 | 2011  | MPV/minivan  | BYD Auto | China
BYD Han | 2020  | Sedan  | BYD Auto | China
BYD Qin | 2012  | Sedan  | BYD Auto | China
BYD Seal | 2022  | Sedan  | BYD Auto | China
BYD Song | 2015  | Crossover SUV  | BYD Auto | China
BYD Song Max | 2017  | MPV/minivan  | BYD Auto | China
BYD T3  | 2015  | MPV/minivan  | BYD Auto | China
BYD Tang | 2015  | Crossover SUV  | BYD Auto | China
BYD Yuan | 2019  | Crossover SUV  | BYD Auto | China
Changan BenBen EV/BenBen E-Star | 2015  | Hatchback  | Changan Automobile  | China
Changan CS15EV/CS15 E-Pro | 2017  | Crossover SUV  | Changan Automobile  | China
Changan CS55 EV | 2020  | Crossover SUV  | Changan Automobile  | China
Changan Ruixing EM80 |  | Van  | Changan Automobile  | China
Chery Arrizo 5e  | 2017  | Sedan  | Chery  | China
Chery eQ  | 2014  | Hatchback  | Chery  | China
Chery eQ1 | 2016  | Microcar hatchback  | Chery  | China
Chery eQ2  | 2018  | Sedan  | Chery  | China
Chery eQ5 | 2020  | Crossover SUV  | Chery  | China
Chery QQ Ice Cream  | 2021  | Microcar hatchback  | Chery  | China
Chery Tiggo e  | 2019  | Crossover SUV  | Chery  | China
Chery Wujie Pro  | 2022  | Hatchback  | Chery  | China
Chevrolet Menlo | 2020  | Station wagon  | General Motors (SAIC-GM)  | United States
Ciimo M-NV | 2021  | Crossover SUV  | Dongfeng Honda | China-Japan
Ciimo X-NV | 2020  | Crossover SUV  | Dongfeng Honda | China-Japan
Denza D9 | 2022  | Minivan  | Denza | China
Denza EV/400/500 | 2014  | Liftback  | Denza | China
Denza N8 | 2019  | Crossover SUV  | Denza (produced by BYD)  | China
Dongfeng Aeolus EX1 | 2019  | Hatchback  | Dongfeng Motor  | China
Dongfeng Aeolus Yixuan | 2019  | Sedan  | Dongfeng Motor  | China
Dongfeng EM13 | 2018  | Van  | Dongfeng Motor  | China
Dongfeng Fengon E1 | 2019  | Hatchback  | DFSK Motor  | China
Dongfeng Fengon E3/Seres E3  | 2019  | Crossover SUV  | DFSK Motor  | China
Dongfeng Fengshen A60 EV/Aeolus E70  | 2015  | Sedan  | Dongfeng Motor  | China
Dongfeng Fengxing T1 | 2019  | Hatchback  | Dongfeng Liuzhou Motor | China
Dongfeng Ruitaite EM10 |  | Van  | Dongfeng Motor  | China
Dongfeng Sokon EC31/EC35/EC36  | 2018  | Pickup truck and van  | DFSK Motor  | China
Enovate ME5 | 2021  | Crossover SUV  | Enovate | China
Enovate ME7 | 2019  | Crossover SUV  | Enovate | China
Everus VE-1 | 2019  | Crossover SUV  | Guangqi Honda | China-Japan
Farizon E5/E5L |  | Van  | Farizon Auto  | China
Ford Territory EV  | 2019  | Crossover SUV  | Ford (JMC-Ford)  | United States
Geely Emgrand EV |  | Sedan  | Geely | China
Geely Emgrand GSe | 2018  | Hatchback  | Geely | China
Geometry A | 2019  | Sedan  | Geely | China
Geometry C | 2019  | Crossover SUV  | Geely | China
Geometry E | 2022  | Crossover SUV  | Geely |
Great Wall Wingle 7 EV | 2018  | Pickup truck  | Great Wall Motors | China
Higer H4E | 2016  | Van  | Higer  | China
HiPhi X | 2020  | Crossover SUV  | HiPhi  | China
HiPhi Z | 2022  | Shooting brake  | HiPhi  | China
Honda e:NS1  | 2022  | Crossover SUV  | Honda (Dongfeng Honda)  | Japan
Honda e:NP1  | 2022  | Crossover SUV  | Honda (Guangqi Honda)  | Japan
Hongqi E-HS3 | 2018  | Crossover SUV  | FAW Group  | China
Hongqi E-HS9 | 2020  | Crossover SUV  | FAW Group  | China
Hongqi E-QM5 | 2022  | Sedan  | FAW Group  | China
Hyundai Lafesta EV | 2019  | Sedan  | Hyundai | South Korea
Hyundai Mistra EV | 2021  | Sedan  | Hyundai | South Korea
IM L7 | 2022  | Sedan  | IM Motors | China
JAC iC5/E J7/Sehol E50A  | 2019  | Sedan  | JAC Motors  | China
JAC iEV6E/Sehol E10X | 2021  | Hatchback  | JAC Motors  | China
JAC iEV7S/Sehol E20X | 2017  | Crossover SUV  | JAC Motors  | China
JAC iEVA50 | 2018  | Sedan  | JAC Motors  | China
JAC iEVS4  | 2019  | Crossover SUV  | JAC Motors  | China
JAC J3 EV  | 2020  | Crossover SUV  | JAC Motors  | China
Jetour X70S EV  | 2019  | Crossover SUV  | Chery Automobile  | China
Kandi K23  |  | Hatchback  | Kandi | China
Kandi K27  |  | Hatchback  | Kandi | China
Kia K3 EV  | 2021  | Sedan  | Kia | South Korea
Leapmotor C11 | 2020  | Crossover SUV  | Leapmotor | China
Leapmotor S01  | 2019  | Coupé  | Leapmotor | China
Leapmotor T03 | 2020  | Hatchback  | Leapmotor | China
Maple 30X/Geometry EX3 | 2020  | Crossover SUV  | Geely Auto  | China
Maple 80V  | 2020  | MPV/minivan  | Geely Auto  | China
Maxus EG10 | 2016  | MPV/minivan  | SAIC Motor  | China
Maxus Euniq 5 | 2019  | MPV/minivan  | SAIC Motor  | China
Maxus Euniq 6 EV  | 2021  | Crossover SUV  | SAIC Motor  | China
Maxus Mifa 9 | 2021  | Minivan/MPV  | SAIC Motor  | China
Maxus T90 EV | 2021  | Pickup truck  | SAIC Motor  | China
Mazda CX-30 EV | 2021  | Crossover SUV  | Mazda | Japan
MG4 EV | 2022  | Hatchback  | SAIC Motor  | China
MG ZS EV  | 2018  | Crossover SUV  | SAIC Motor  | China
Mitsubishi Airtrek | 2022  | Crossover SUV  | GAC Mitsubishi  | Japan
Modern IN | 2021  | Crossover SUV  | Beijing Automobile Works  | China
NAC Chang Da H9 | 2017  | Van  | Nanjing Automobile-SAIC Motor  | China
Neta GT | 2023  | Coupé  | Hozon Auto | China
Neta U | 2020  | Crossover SUV  | Hozon Auto | China
Neta S | 2021  | Sedan  | Hozon Auto | China
Neta V | 2020  | Crossover SUV  | Hozon Auto | China
Nio EC6 | 2020  | Crossover SUV  | Nio | China
Nio EC7 | 2023  | Crossover SUV  | Nio | China
Nio EP9 | 2016  | Coupé  | Nio | China
Nio ES6 | 2019  | Crossover SUV  | Nio | China
Nio ES7 | 2022  | Crossover SUV  | Nio | China
Nio ES8 | 2018  | Crossover SUV  | Nio | China
Nio ET5 | 2021  | Sedan  | Nio | China
Nio ET7 | 2021  | Sedan  | Nio | China
Nissan Sylphy Z.E. | 2018  | Sedan  | Nissan | Japan
Ora Cherry Cat | 2022  | Crossover SUV  | Great Wall Motor | China
Ora Good Cat/Funky Cat | 2020  | Hatchback  | Great Wall Motor | China
Ora Lightning Cat/Next Cat/Grand Cat | 2022  | Sedan  | Great Wall Motor | China
Ora White Cat | 2020  | Hatchback  | Great Wall Motor | China
Oushang A600 EV | 2019  | MPV/minivan  | Changan Automobile  | China
Qiantu K50 | 2017  | Coupé  | Qiantu Motor | China
Renault City K-ZE | 2019  | Hatchback  | Renault | France
Roewe Clever | 2020  | Microcar hatchback  | SAIC Motor  | China
Roewe Ei5/MG 5 EV/MG EP  | 2017  | Station wagon  | SAIC Motor  | China
Roewe Ei6 | 2016  | Sedan  | SAIC Motor  | China
Roewe Ei6 Max | 2020  | Sedan  | SAIC Motor  | China
Roewe ER6 | 2020  | Sedan  | SAIC Motor  | China
Roewe ERX5  | 2019  | Crossover SUV  | SAIC Motor  | China
Roewe Marvel R  | 2018  | Crossover SUV  | SAIC Motor  | China
Roewe/MG Marvel X | 2020  | Crossover SUV  | SAIC Motor  | China
Sehol E20X | 2018  | Hatchback  | JAC Motors  | China
Sehol X4 | 2020  | Crossover SUV  | JAC Motors  | China
Singulato iS6 | 2019  | Crossover SUV  | Singulato | China
SRM Shineray X30LEV  | 2018  | Van  | Shineray Group  | China
Toyota C-HR EV  | 2020  | Crossover SUV  | GAC Toyota | China-Japan
Toyota IZOA EV  | 2020  | Crossover SUV  | FAW Toyota  | China-Japan
Toyota bZ3 | 2023  | Sedan  | FAW Toyota  | China-Japan
Trumpchi GE3 | 2017  | Crossover SUV  | GAC Group  | China
Trumpchi GS4 EV | 2016  | Crossover SUV  | GAC Group  | China
Volkswagen e-Lavida | 2019  | Sedan  | Volkswagen | Germany
Volkswagen ID.6 | 2021  | Crossover SUV  | Volkswagen | Germany
Weltmeister E5 | 2021  | Sedan  | Weltmeister | China
Weltmeister EX5 | 2018  | Crossover SUV  | Weltmeister | China
Weltmeister EX6 | 2020  | Crossover SUV  | Weltmeister | China
Weltmeister W6 | 2021  | Crossover SUV  | Weltmeister | China
Wuling Air EV | 2022  | Microcar hatchback  | SAIC-GM-Wuling  | China
Wuling Hongguang Mini EV | 2020  | Microcar hatchback  | SAIC-GM-Wuling  | China
XPeng G3/Identity X | 2018  | Crossover SUV  | XPeng | China
XPeng G9 | 2022  | Crossover SUV  | XPeng | China
XPeng P5 | 2021  | Sedan  | XPeng | China
XPeng P7 | 2020  | Sedan  | XPeng | China
Yangwang U8 | 2023  | SUV  | BYD Auto | China
Zeekr 001 | 2021  | Shooting brake  | Geely | China
Zeekr X | 2023  | Crossover SUV  | Geely | China

### Non-highway capable automobiles

Battery electric automobiles not capable of 100 km/h (62 mph) highway speed:

Model  | Calendar year
produced  | Manufacturer  | Marque origin

|
|
|

Aixam e-City/e-Coupe[31] | 2017  | Aixam | France
Arcimoto FUV | 2019  | Arcimoto | United States
Citroën Ami/Opel Rocks Electric | 2020  | Stellantis | France/Germany
Renault Twizy | 2012  | Renault | France
Tazzari Zero | 2009  | Tazzari Group  | Italy
Toyota C+pod | 2021  | Toyota | Japan
Toyota COMS | 2000  | Toyota Auto Body  | Japan

## Former production models

### Post-1995

Model  | Calendar
year
produced  | Calendar
year
discontinued  | Manufacturer  | Marque origin  | Notes

|
|
|
|
|

Azure Transit Connect Electric | 2010  | 2012  | Azure Dynamics and Ford | United States  | Around 500 units were sold before Azure stopped production in March 2012.[32]
Besturn X40 EV400/EV460 | 2017  | 2021  | FAW Group  | China  |
Bolloré Bluecar | 2011  |  | Véhicule Électriques Pininfarina Bolloré  | France  | Cumulative sales in France totaled 5,689 units by the end of September 2016.[33]
Buddy | 2005  |  | Buddy Electric  | Norway  |
BMW i3 | 2013  | 2022  | BMW | Germany  | Global sales exceeded 220,000 throughout lifetime.
BYD e5 | 2015  | 2020  | BYD Auto | China  |
Chery QQ3 EV  | 2015  | 2020  | Chery Automobile  | China  |
Chevrolet S-10 EV | 1997  | 1998  | General Motors | United States  | S-10 with GM EV1 powertrain, over 100 produced and only about 60 sold to private owners.
Chevrolet Spark EV | 2013  | 2016  | General Motors | United States  | The Spark EV was released in selected markets in California and Oregon in June 2013.[34] GM planned to sell the Spark in Canada, South Korea and select European markets.[35][36]
Chrysler TEVan/EPIC | 1993  | 1999  | Chrysler | United States  | Sold primarily to electric utilities, only 56 were produced and were sold for approximately $120,000 each.
Citroën AX Électrique | 1993  | 1996  | PSA Group | France  | 374 produced between December 1993 and 1996.[37]
Citroën Berlingo électrique | 1998  | 2005  | PSA Group | France  |
Citroën Berlingo Electric (2010)  | 2010  | 2013  | PSA Group | France  | In 2016 worldwide sales were 491, with just 19 sold in the UK.[38]
Citroën C1 ev'ie | 2009  | 2011  | PSA Group | France  | EV conversion produced by Electric Car Corporation.
Citroën C-Zero | 2010  | 2020  | PSA Group (produced by Mitsubishi Motors)  | France  | Similar to Mitsubishi i-MiEV.
Citroën E-Méhari | 2016  | 2019  | PSA Group and Bolloré  | France  | Approximately 1,000 cars were planned to be produced in collaboration with the French electric car producer Bolloré.[39]
Citroën Saxo Électrique | 1997  | 2002  | PSA Group | France  | 6,400 produced with Peugeot 106.[40]
CityEl | 1987  |  | Citycom GmbH  | Denmark/Germany  | Three-wheeled EV, produced in Germany.
Coda Sedan | 2012  | 2013  | Coda Automotive | United States  | Sales began in California in March 2012.
Dynasty IT | 2001  | 2007  | Dynasty Electric Vehicles  | Canada  | A NEV produced in Canada and later sold to Karakoram Motors in Pakistan.
Elcat Electric Vehicles  | 1990  | 2002  | ELCAT  | Finland  |
Fiat 500e | 2013  | 2019  | Fiat Chrysler Automobiles  | Italy  | U.S. sales totaled 27,211 units.[41]
Ford Focus Electric  | 2011  | 2018  | Ford | United States  | U.S. sales totaled 9,226 units.[42]
Ford Ranger EV  | 1998  | 2003  | Ford | United States  | Several hundred were produced for lease only, almost all were recovered and most destroyed.
Ford Think City  | 2000  | 2002  | Ford | United States  |
General Motors EV1 | 1996  | 2003  | General Motors | United States  | First generation (1996–1997) used VRLA batteries, second generation (1999–2003) used NiMH batteries.
GTA MyCar  | 2003  | 2017  | EuAuto Technology/GreenTech Automotive  | Hong Kong  | A NEV designed by Giorgetto Giugiaro and produced by a Hong Kong company in China.
Honda Clarity Electric | 2017  | 2019  | Honda | Japan  |
Honda EV Plus  | 1997  | 1999  | Honda | Japan  | About 300 produced.[43]
Honda Fit EV  | 2012  | 2014  | Honda | Japan  | Production was be limited to only 1,100 units over the first three years. Deliveries to retail customers in the U.S. began in July 2012 and availability is limited to California and Oregon.[44]
Hyundai Ioniq Electric | 2016  | 2022  | Hyundai | South Korea  |
Leahead i1 | 2015  | 2016  | GAC Toyota | China-Japan  |
Lumeneo Smera | 2013  | 2013  | Lumeneo  | France  | Highway speed-capable microcar. Sold 10 cars in 2013 before going bankrupt.[45]
Mahindra e2o | 2013  | 2017  | Mahindra Electric | India  |
Mahindra e2o Plus | 2016  | 2019  | Mahindra & Mahindra  | India  | [46]
Mahindra eVerito  | 2016  | 2019  | Mahindra & Mahindra  | India  | [47]
Mercedes-Benz A-Class E-Cell  | 2010  | 2010  | Daimler AG  | Germany  | Developed with Tesla Motors. Limited production of 500 A-Class E-Cell electric cars was built, for trial purposes and lease to customers in Europe.[48]
Mercedes-Benz B-Class Electric Drive  | 2014  | 2019  | Daimler AG  | Germany  | Production for retail customers began in April 2014.[49]
Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG Electric Drive  | 2013  | 2013  | Daimler AG  | Germany  | Fewer than 100 units were sold.[50]
Mercedes-Benz Vito E-Cell | 2010  |  | Daimler AG  | Germany  |
Mia | 2011  | 2013  | Mia Electric  | France  |
Miles XS500  |  |  | Miles Electric Vehicles  | United States  | Production electric vehicle based on the Chery QQ.
Mitsubishi i-MiEV | 2009  | 2021  | Mitsubishi Motors | Japan
Modec | 2007  | 2011  | Modec | United Kingdom  | Electric delivery vans.
Neta N01 | 2018  | 2020  | Hozon Auto | China  | Over 18,000 units were sold.[51]
Nissan Hypermini | 1999  | 2001  | Nissan | Japan  | 219 produced.
Ora iQ | 2018  | 2020  | Great Wall Motor | China  | 10,300 units were sold in the first full year of sales, 2019.[52]
Ora Black Cat | 2019  | 2022  | Great Wall Motor | China  | [53]
Ora White Cat | 2020  | 2022  | Great Wall Motor | China  | [53]
Opel Ampera-e  | 2017  | 2020  | PSA Group (produced by GM)  | Germany  |
Peugeot 106 Électrique | 1996  | 2003  | PSA Group | France  | Similar to Citroën Saxo
Peugeot iOn  | 2010  | 2020  | PSA Group (produced by Mitsubishi Motors)  | France  | Similar to Mitsubishi i-MiEV.
Peugeot Partner Électrique | 1998  | 2005  | PSA Group | France  |
Ranz E50  | 2015  | 2016  | FAW Toyota  | China-Japan  | [54]
Renault Fluence Z.E./Renault Samsung SM3 Z.E. | 2011  | 2020  | Renault | France  | Global sales totaled 10,600 units through December 2019, mostly composed of SM3 Z.E. units.[55]
REVA/REVAi/G-Wiz i | 2001  | 2019  | Reva Electric Car Company  | India  | Since 2001 more than 4,000 cars were sold worldwide by March 2011 and was available in 26 countries.[56][57] Sales in the UK, where it was sold as the G-Wiz and became its main market, ended by late 2011.[58]
Roewe E50 | 2012  | 2016  | SAIC Motor  | China  |
SEAT e-Mii | 2020  | 2021  | SEAT  | Spain  | [59][60]
Škoda/Tatra Beta  | 1994  | 1997  | Škoda ELCAR Ejpovice  | Czech Republic  | About 100 produced, using nickel-cadmium batteries[61][62]
Škoda Citigo iV | 2019  | 2020  | Škoda Auto | Czech Republic  | [63][64]
Smart ED | 2007  | 2017  | Daimler AG  | Germany  | Available for lease in the United States since early 2011. Originally converted by Zytek from 100 Smart Fortwos.
smart EQ forfour | 2017  | 2021  | Daimler AG  | Germany  |
Tesla Roadster (first generation) | 2008  | 2012  | Tesla Motors | United States  |
The Kurrent | 2006  | 2007  | American Electric Motor Vehicle Company  | United States  | Neighborhood electric vehicle.
Think City | 2008  | 2011  | Think Global | Norway  | Successor of the Ford Th!nk.
Toyota eQ/Scion iQ EV | 2011  | 2013  | Toyota | Japan  | Deployed in limited quantities for research purposes.
Toyota RAV4 EV (1997) | 1997  | 2003  | Toyota | Japan  | Leased and sold on US east and west coast. 1,484 were leased and/or sold in California.[65][66]
Toyota RAV4 EV (2012) | 2012  | 2014  | Toyota | Japan  | Leased and sold only in California, from 2012 through 2015. 2,489 units were sold in the U.S. through April 2015.[67][68]
Volkswagen e-Golf  | 2014  | 2020  | Volkswagen | Germany  | [69]
Volvo C30 Electric  | 2010  | 2012  | Volvo Cars | Sweden  |
Venturi Fétish | 2004  | 2007  | Venturi  | Monaco  | Only 25 units have been produced.[70]
Wheego Whip LiFe | 2011  | 2013  | Shuanghuan Auto and Wheego Technologies  | China-United States  | Sales began in the U.S. in April 2011.[71] A total of 34 units had been sold by March 2012,[72] and 400 had been produced when production ended in 2013.
ZENN  | 2006  | 2010  | ZENN Motor Company  | Canada  | Based on the Microcar MC2
Zinoro 1E | 2013  |  | BMW Brilliance  | China-Germany  |
Zinoro 60H | 2017  | 2019  | BMW Brilliance  | China-Germany  |
Zotye E200 | 2016  | 2020  | Zotye  | China  | Sales ended in early 2020.[73]

### Pre-1995

Model  | Calendar year produced  | Calendar year discontinued  | Manufacturer  | Marque origin  | Notes

|
|
|
|
|

AM General Jeep DJ-5E Electruck | 1974  | 1974  | AM General | United States  | Sold to United States Postal Service and Canada Post.[74]
Baker Electric  | 1899  | 1914  | Baker Motor Vehicle  | United States  |
CitiCar | 1974  | 1977  | Sebring-Vanguard  | United States  | Microcar, a total of 4,444 units were produced up to 1979.[75]
Detroit Electric | 1907  | 1939  | Anderson Electric Car Company  | United States  | Between 1907 and 1939 a total of 13,000 electric cars were built.[76]
Enfield 8000 | 1973  | 1973  | Enfield Automotive | United Kingdom  | 120 cars were built in total, of which 65 were used by the Electricity Council.[77]
Fiat Panda Elettra  | 1990  | 1998  | Fiat  | Italy  |
Henney Kilowatt | 1959  | 1960  | Henney Motor Company | United States  |
Scottish Aviation Scamp | 1964  | 1966  | Scottish Aviation | United Kingdom  | Produced for the Central Electricity Generating Board. 13 prototypes only.
Sinclair C5 | 1985  | 1985  | Sinclair Vehicles  | United Kingdom  | Recumbent tricycle. Out of 14,000 C5s made, only 5,000 were sold.[78]
Studebaker Electric | 1902  | 1912  | Studebaker | United States  | Produced from 1902 to 1912 in South Bend, Indiana
VAZ-111E | 1989  | 1998  | AvtoVAZ  | Soviet Union |
Zagato Zele | 1974  | 1976  | Zagato  | Italy  | Made by the Italian design firm Zagato. About 500 vehicles were made.

### Demonstration fleets or prototypes

Model  | Calendar year produced  | Calendar year discontinued  | Manufacturer  | Marque origin  | Notes

|
|
|
|
|

AC Propulsion tzero | 1997  | 1997  | AC Propulsion | United States  | Two-seat sportster prototype, four produced.[citation needed]
Autobianchi Y10 Electrica | 1989  | 1990  |  |  | [79]
BMW ActiveE | 2012  | 2012  | BMW | Germany  | Field testing in the U.S. began in January 2012, after the Mini E trial ended.[80] Available only in select markets.[81]
Elcat Electric Vehicles  |  | 2002  | Elcat Automotive  | Finland  |
Electrorides ZeroTruck | 2008  |  | Electrorides | United States  | Based on an Isuzu N-series platform, retrofitted with a UQM Technologies electric motor.[82]
Electrosport | 1971  | 1974  | Electric Fuel Propulsion Company  | United States  |
EMC E36 | 2011  | 2011  |  |  |
Hyundai BlueOn | 2009  | 2010  | Hyundai | South Korea  | Field testing with 30 units began in South Korea by late 2010, production was planned.[83]
Iveco Daily | 2010  |  | Iveco | Italy  |
Lada Ellada | 2011  |  | AvtoVAZ  | Russia  |
Mercedes-Benz Vito 108E  | 1996  |  | Daimler AG  | Germany  | [84]
Mini E | 2009  | 2010  | BMW | United Kingdom  | Built for field trials.[85]
Miles ZX40ST  | 2007  |  | Miles Electric Vehicles  | United States  |
Mitsubishi Fuso eCanter | 2016  |  | Mitsubishi Fuso | Japan  |
Nissan Altra EV | 1998  | 2002  | Nissan | Japan  | Only about 200 vehicles were ever produced mainly for fleet.[86]
Optimal Energy Joule | 2008  | 2012  | Optimal Energy  | South Africa  | A concept car that was never released commercially; development ceased in April 2012.
Tango | 2005  |  | Commuter Cars | United States  |
Tata Indica Vista EV  | 2008  | 2011  | Tata Motors Cars  | India  |
Volkswagen Golf blue-e-motion  | 2011  | 2012  | Volkswagen | Germany  |
Volkswagen Golf CITYStromer |  |  | Volkswagen | Germany  |
Volkswagen Jetta CITYStromer |  |  | Volkswagen | Germany  |
Wrightspeed X1 | 2006  |  | Wrightspeed  | United States  | An Ariel Atom sports car modified to use an all-electric powertrain. Production has been cancelled.
Zytek Lotus Elise | 1998  | 2003  | Lotus Cars and Zytek  | United Kingdom  |

## Vehicles planned for production

Model  | Calendar year

|

Acura EUV  | 2024
Alpha Motor Corporation Alpha Wolf | 2023
Aptera | 2024
Aston Martin Lagonda All-Terrain  | 2023
Audi A6 e-tron  | 2023
Bentley EV  | 2025
BMW i5  | 2024
BYD Seagull and BYD Sea Lion  | 2022/2023
Cadillac Celestiq | 2024
Cadillac Escalade IQ  | 2024
Canoo MPDV | 2024
Chevrolet Blazer EV | 2023
Chevrolet Equinox EV | 2023
Chevrolet Silverado EV | 2023
Chrysler Airflow (EV) | 2024
City Transformer CT-1  | 2024[87]
City Transformer urban CT-2  | 2024[88]
Cupra Tavascan | 2024
DeLorean Alpha5 | 2024
Dodge eMuscle  | 2024
EdisonFuture EF1-T  | 2025
Faraday Future FF91  | 2023
Ferrari EV  | 2025
Ford E-Transit Custom  | 2023
Ford Explorer EV  | 2024
Ford Fiesta EV  | 2023
Genesis Essentia  | 2023
Honda Prologue | 2024
Humble Motors Humble One  | 2025[89]
Hyundai Ioniq 7  | 2024
Iveco eDaily  | 2023
Izera Z100  | 2023[90]
Izera T100[90] | 2023
Jeep Wrangler Magneto EV  | 2023
Kia EV9 | 2023
Lexus LF-Z  | 2025
Lincoln Aviator Electric  | 2024
Lincoln Mark E  | 2023
Maserati GranTurismo Folgore | 2023
Mercedes-Benz EQG  | 2024
Mullen Technologies Mullen FIVE  | 2023
Polestar 4 | 2023
Polestar 5 | 2024 (Precept Concept)
Porsche Macan EV  | 2023
Ram 1500 REV | 2024
Rolls-Royce Spectre | 2023
Smart #3 | 2023
Sono Motors Sion | 2023[91]
Tata Harrier EV  | 2024
Tata Curvv  | 2024
Tesla Roadster (second generation) | 2023
Tesla Semi  | 2023
Volkswagen ID.7 | 2023
Volkswagen ID. Space Vizzion | 2023
Volvo XC60 EV  | 2024
Volvo EX30 | 2023/2024
Zeekr 009 | 2023

## Motorcycles and scooters

## Buses

Main articles: Engineering:Electric bus and Engineering:List of electric bus makers

VinBus made by VinFast from Vietnam

* Alexander Dennis Enviro 200
* BYD C9
* BYD K9
* Higer Steed EV
* Optare Metrocity EV
* Optare Metrodecker EV
* Optare Versa EV
* Oreos 2X (PVI)
* Oreos 4X (PVI)
* eBuzz K7[92]
* VinBus

## Trucks

* Tesla Cybertruck production to start mid-2023.[93]
* Tesla Semi, all-electric class 8 truck: Elon Musk announced that Tesla is starting Tesla Semi production in 2022 October and that Pepsi is going to get the first electric trucks starting December.[94]

## Three-wheelers

### Passenger vehicles

Passenger three-wheeler in New Delhi

Aptera Motors

* Aptera (solar electric vehicle)

Champion polyplast

* SAARTHI SHAVAK E AUTO[citation needed]

Mahindra Electric Mobility Limited

Omega Seiki Mobility

Piaggio Vehicles Private Limited

### Cargo vehicles

Cargo electric three wheeler in Faridabad, India

Altigreen Propulsion Labs Pvt Ltd[citation needed]

* NEEV
* NEEV HD
* NEEV LR

Keto Motors Private Limited

* BULKe
* BULKe plus 2.0

Kinetic Green Energy & Power Solutions Ltd[citation needed]

* KINETIC SAFAR STAR – 400
* KINETIC SAFAR JUMBO – PICKUP

Lohia Auto Industries

* Humsafar iB

Mahindra Electric Mobility Limited[citation needed]

* Treo Zor
* Treo Zor FB
* Treo Zor DV

Omega Seiki Mobility [citation needed]

* RAGE+
* SUN-RI

### Rickshaws

E-Rickshaw in Delhi

Kinetic Green Energy & Power Solutions Ltd[citation needed]

* KINETIC SAFAR SMART
* Kinetic SAFAR SMART LFP

Mahindra Electric Mobility Limited[citation needed]

* Treo Yaari HRT
* Treo Yaari SFT

Omega Seiki Mobility[citation needed]

* RIDE

## See also

* Battery electric multiple unit
* Battery electric vehicle
* Electric aircraft
* Electric boat
* Electric fire engine
* Electric motorcycles and scooters
* Electric vehicle conversion
* Plug-in electric vehicle
* Plug-in hybrid

## Notes

1. ↑ Indicates whether the vehicle is a dedicated battery electric vehicle without any non-battery electric counterpart sharing the same underpinnings or body

## References

1. ↑ Holland, Maximilian (10 March 2020). "Tesla Passes 1 Million EV Milestone & Model 3 Becomes All Time Best Seller". https://cleantechnica.com/2020/03/10/tesla-passes-1-million-ev-milestone-and-model-3-becomes-all-time-best-seller/. "Tesla’s quarterly reports, meanwhile, had put the Model 3’s cumulative sales at 447,980 at the end of 2019."
2. ↑ Munoz, Juan Felipe (2023-05-25). "Tesla Model Y Was The World's Best-Selling Car In Q1 2023". Motor1. https://www.motor1.com/news/669135/tesla-model-y-worlds-best-selling-car-q1-2023/.
3. ↑ "The first all-electric Audi on the basis of the MLB evo". https://www.audi-technology-portal.de/en/download?file=2896.
4. ↑ "The J1 performance platform – the first e-tron GT concept". https://www.audi-technology-portal.de/en/download?file=2950.
5. ↑ "Audi Q4 e-tron concept" (in en). https://www.audi.com/en/innovation/concept-cars/q4-e-tron-concept.html.
6. ↑ Toma, Sebastian (19 October 2021). "BMW Prepping New Platform for 2025 Release, It Will Be Fit for Any Kind of EV" (in en). https://www.autoevolution.com/news/bmw-prepping-new-platform-for-2025-release-it-will-be-fit-for-any-kind-of-ev-172062.html.
7. ↑ DeMattia, Nico (1 July 2021). "BMW iX: This is why an EV-focused platform is exciting" (in en-US). https://www.bmwblog.com/2021/07/01/bmw-ix-ev-platform-is-exciting/.
8. ↑ "BMW Has A Totally New Approach To Building EVs" (in en-us). 20 July 2020. https://carbuzz.com/news/bmw-has-a-totally-new-approach-to-building-evs.
9. ↑ "2023 Cadillac Lyriq". 23 June 2021. https://gmauthority.com/blog/gm/cadillac/lyriq/2023-cadillac-lyriq/.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "GM BEV2 Vehicle Platform". 25 May 2017. https://gmauthority.com/blog/gm/gm-platforms/gm-bev-2-platform/.
11. ↑ "Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi Alliance To Unveil 35 New EVs By 2030" (in en-US). 27 January 2022. https://www.carscoops.com/2022/01/renault-nissan-mitsubishi-alliance-to-unveil-35-new-evs-by-2030/.
12. ↑ Radu, Vlad (8 January 2021). "A Complete Overview of the Ford Mustang Mach-E's Diverse Powertrain Options" (in en). https://www.autoevolution.com/news/a-complete-overview-of-the-ford-mustang-mach-es-diverse-powertrain-options-154178.html.
13. ↑ "Genesis presents the first E-GMP model" (in en-US). 19 August 2021. https://www.electrive.com/2021/08/19/genesis-presents-the-first-e-gmp-model/.
14. ↑ "GMC Hummer EV Won't Share Components With ICE Trucks From GM" (in en). https://insideevs.com/news/458415/gmc-hummer-ev-no-components-sharing-bespoke/.
15. ↑ "Introducing the E-GMP | Brand – Hyundai Worldwide" (in en). https://www.hyundai.com/worldwide/en/brand/e-gmp-revolution.
16. ↑ "Tesla Model S vs Jaguar I-Pace" (in en). https://www.autoexpress.co.uk/tesla/model-s/108090/tesla-model-s-vs-jaguar-i-pace.
17. ↑ "Kia presents first dedicated electric car Kia EV6 on E-GMP" (in en-US). 30 March 2021. https://www.electrive.com/2021/03/30/kia-presents-first-dedicated-electric-car-kia-ev6-on-e-gmp/.
18. ↑ "New 2021 Lexus UX 300e electric SUV on sale now with 196-mile range" (in en). https://www.autoexpress.co.uk/lexus/ux/108379/new-2021-lexus-ux-300e-electric-suv-sale-now-196-mile-range.
19. ↑ Pappas, Thanos (31 August 2021). "Lotus Teases Four New EV Models, Including Three SUVs And A Sportscar". https://www.carscoops.com/2021/08/lotus-teases-four-new-ev-models-including-three-suvs-and-a-sportscar/.
20. ↑ "1,973-hp Lotus Evija electric hypercar enters final stage of development" (in en). https://www.motorauthority.com/news/1126163_1-973-hp-lotus-evija-electric-hypercar-enters-final-stage-of-development.
21. ↑ "Modular Multi-Energy Platforms: For Efficient Variety of Models" (in en). https://www.media.stellantis.com/em-en/opel/press/modular-multi-energy-platforms-for-efficient-variety-of-models.
22. ↑ "Get to know the MEB platform, the base of the ŠKODA ENYAQ iV" (in en-GB). 8 October 2020. https://www.skoda-storyboard.com/en/skoda-world/innovation-and-technology/get-to-know-the-meb-platform-the-base-of-the-skoda-enyaq-iv/.
23. ↑ "New Smart #1 is 268bhp spearhead for brand's all-EV relaunch" (in en). https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/new-cars/new-smart-1-268bhp-spearhead-brands-all-ev-relaunch.
24. ↑ "Subaru Unveils Solterra Global All-Electric SUV" (in en). https://insideevs.com/news/546942/subaru-solterra-world-premiere/.
25. ↑ "Tesla Model X design & styling" (in en). https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-review/tesla/model-x/design.
26. ↑ "Tesla Model Y: Features, Prices, Specs, and More" (in en-US). https://electrek.co/guides/tesla-model-y/.
27. ↑ "2023 Toyota BZ4X Debuts With Estimated 250-Mile Range, Up To 215 HP" (in en). https://www.motor1.com/news/548378/toyota-bz4x-production-spec-debut/.
28. ↑ "Volkswagen e-Up! price and specifications". https://www.fleetnews.co.uk/electric-fleet/electric-car-and-van-data/volkswagen/e-up--1189.
29. ↑ "2024 Volvo EX90 First Look: Swedish Electric Flagship SUV Debuts" (in en). 9 November 2022. https://www.motortrend.com/news/2024-volvo-ex90-first-look-electric-luxury-suv-review/.
30. ↑ Kane, Mark (2022-01-14). "China: Wuling Hong Guang MINI EV Sets Massive Sales Record". https://insideevs.com/news/560897/china-wuling-hongguang-sales-2021/.
31. ↑ "Voiture electrique sans permis e Aixam : votre voiture sans permis electrique – Aixam". http://www.mon-aixam-electrique.com/.
32. ↑ John Voelcker (17 October 2012). "Nissan e-NV200: Driving Nissan's Prototype Electric Minivan". Green Car Reports. http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1079897_nissan-e-nv200-driving-nissans-prototype-electric-minivan. Retrieved 19 October 2012.
33. ↑ Cobb, Jeff (10 October 2016). "France Becomes Fifth Nation To Buy 100,000 Plug-in Vehicles". HybridCars.com. http://www.hybridcars.com/france-becomes-fifth-nation-to-buy-100000-plug-in-vehicles/.
34. ↑ John Voelcker (20 June 2013). "First 2014 Chevrolet Spark EVs Now At CA, Oregon Dealers". Green Car Reports. http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1084889_first-2014-chevrolet-spark-evs-now-at-ca-oregon-dealers.
35. ↑ "Chevrolet Spark EV priced below $25,000 with tax incentives; Oregon and Canada added to markets". Green Car Congress. 27 November 2012. http://www.greencarcongress.com/2012/11/sparkev-20121127.html.
36. ↑ Mike Szostech. "Chevy Spark EV will be sold in Europe Too". My Electric Car Forums. http://www.myelectriccarforums.com/chevy-spark-ev-will-be-sold-in-europe-too/.
37. ↑ "Citroën Celebrates 20 Years of Pioneering the Electric Automobile" (in en-CA). 16 December 2013. https://citroenvie.com/citroen-celebrates-20-years-of-pioneering-the-electric-automobile/.
38. ↑ "Citroen E-Berlingo signals brand's electric ambitions". 21 March 2017. https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/new-cars/citroen-e-berlingo-signals-brands-electric-ambitions.
39. ↑ Pander, Jürgen (4 March 2016). "Elektroautos in Kleinserie – Zum Knutschen" (in de). Spiegel.de. http://www.spiegel.de/auto/aktuell/elektroautos-auf-dem-genfer-autosalon-wir-verzichten-a-1080490.html.
40. ↑ Museum, Lane Motor. "Citroën Saxo Electrique-1997 – Lane Motor Museum" (in en-gb). https://www.lanemotormuseum.org/collection/cars/item/citroen-saxo-electrique-1997.
41. ↑ "Monthly plug-in sales scorecard". https://insideevs.com/monthly-plug-in-sales-scorecard/.
42. ↑ Loveday, Steven. "Monthly Plug-In EV Sales Scorecard". https://insideevs.com/news/343998/monthly-plug-in-ev-sales-scorecard/.
43. ↑ Rechtin, Mark (26 April 1999). "Honda pulls the plug on EV Plus". Automotive News. https://www.autonews.com/article/19990426/ANA/904260758/honda-pulls-the-plug-on-ev-plus.
44. ↑ Zach McDonald (20 July 2012). "Honda Registers First Fit EV Delivery". Plugincars.com. http://www.plugincars.com/honda-registers-first-fit-ev-delivery-123312.html.
45. ↑ "SMERA specifications". Lumeneo.fr. http://www.lumeneo.fr/smera_technical_specifications_eng.php.
46. ↑ Mohile, Shally Seth (30 April 2019). "M&M stops producing India's first electric car model amid flagging sales". Business Standard India. https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/m-m-pulls-the-plug-on-india-s-1st-e-car-over-flagging-sales-safety-norms-119043001421_1.html.
47. ↑ "Mahindra e-Verito launched at Rs 9.50 lakh". 2 June 2016. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/auto/mahindra-e-verito-launched-at-rs-9-50-lakh/mahindra-e-verito-launched/slideshow/52554663.cms.
48. ↑ "Mercedes-Benz Introduces the Battery-Powered A-Class E-CELL; Production Run of 500". Green Car Congress. 15 September 2010. http://www.greencarcongress.com/2010/09/aclassecell-20100915.html.
49. ↑ Eric Loveday (11 April 2014). "Mercedes-Benz B-Class Electric Drive Enters Production – Job #1 Rolls Off The Line". InsideEVs.com. http://insideevs.com/mercedes-benz-b-class-electric-drive-now-production-job-1-rolls-line/.
50. ↑ Siu, Jason (13 October 2016). "Audi Quietly Discontinues All-Electric R8 E-Tron – Again". HybridCars.com. http://www.hybridcars.com/audi-quietly-discontinues-all-electric-r8-e-tron-again/.
51. ↑ "Neta N01 China auto sales figures". 17 January 2019. https://carsalesbase.com/china-neta-n01/.
52. ↑ "Ora iQ China Sales Figures". https://carsalesbase.com/china-ora-iq/.
53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 Zhang, Phate (February 15, 2022). "Ora reportedly discontinues two lower-priced models". https://cnevpost.com/2022/02/15/ora-reportedly-stops-taking-orders-for-some-lower-priced-models/.
54. ↑ "FAW-Toyota Ranz E50 EV launched on the Shanghai Auto Show" (in en-US). 24 April 2015. https://carnewschina.com/2015/04/24/faw-toyota-ranz-e50-ev-launched-on-the-shanghai-auto-show/.
55. ↑ Groupe Renaul (19 March 2020). "2019 Universal Registration Document". Renault. https://group.renault.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/urd_2019_-3-avril_14h.pdf. See pp. 24 and 39. Since the launch of the Renault electric program, the Group has sold more than 252,000 electric vehicles in Europe and more than 273,550 electric vehicles worldwide. Since inception, a total of 181,893 Zoe cars, 48,821 Kangoo Z.E. electric vans and 10,600 Fluence Z.E./SM3 Z.E. cars have been sold globally through December 2019.
56. ↑ Praveena Sharma (17 March 2011). "Govt subsidy may rev up Reva sales". Daily News & Analysis India. http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report_govt-subsidy-may-rev-up-reva-sales_1520820.
57. ↑ "Mahindra REVA: Petrol-free REVA". REVA Electric Car Company. http://www.petrolfreeworld.com/. Click on Sales and Service Locator
58. ↑ Nikki Gordon-Bloomfield (16 February 2011). "EXCLUSIVE: What Killed The Electric Car? For G-Wiz, Other Electric Cars". Green Car Reports. http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1055499_exclusive-what-killed-the-electric-car-for-g-wiz-other-electric-cars.
59. ↑ "2020 SEAT Mii Electric Revealed In Production Form" (in en). https://www.motor1.com/news/352899/2020-seat-mii-production-version/.
60. ↑ EV, Discover. "SEAT ends Mii electric production after a year". https://www.discoverev.co.uk/ev-news/seat-ends-mii-electric-production-after-year.
61. ↑ "Elektromobily Tatra". Electroauto.cz. http://www.electroauto.cz/tatra.html.
62. ↑ "Tři etapy rozvoje elektrických vozidel v České republice". Odbornecasopisy.cz. http://www.odbornecasopisy.cz/index.php?id_document=25644.
63. ↑ "Skoda Citigo to be released as EV in 2019" (in en-US). 7 March 2018. https://www.electrive.com/2018/03/07/skoda-citigo-released-ev-2019/.
64. ↑ "Skoda Kills Off The All Citigo Models, Including All-Electric Citigo iV" (in en). https://insideevs.com/news/442756/skoda-citigo-killed-off-in-europe/.
65. ↑ Jim Motavalli (16 July 2010). "Toyota and Tesla Plan an Electric RAV4". New York Times. http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/07/16/toyota-and-tesla-plan-an-electric-rav4/.
66. ↑ "Toyota Concept Vehicles-- RAV4 EV". Toyota USA. http://www.toyota.com/concept-vehicles/rav4ev.html.
67. ↑ Jeff Cobb (6 January 2014). "December 2013 Dashboard". HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates. http://www.hybridcars.com/december-2013-dashboard/.
68. ↑ Jeff Cobb (3 December 2014). "November 2014 Dashboard". HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates. http://www.hybridcars.com/november-2014-dashboard/. See section "November 2014 Battery Electric Car Sales Numbers"
69. ↑ Sensiba, Jennifer (31 December 2020). "End of the Line for Volkswagen e-Golf Makes Way for Volkswagen ID.3" (in en-US). https://cleantechnica.com/2020/12/31/end-of-the-line-for-volkswagen-e-golf-makes-way-for-volkswagen-id-3/.
70. ↑ Linde, Arvid (2010) (in en). Electric Cars – The Future is Now!. Veloce Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84584-498-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=9U1iemwAWUcC&q=Venturi+Fétish&pg=PA88.
71. ↑ Blanco, Sebastian (17 December 2011). "Wheego delivers first LiFe vehicle in time for Earth Day". AutoblogGreen. http://green.autoblog.com/2011/04/22/wheego-delivers-first-life-vehicle-earth-day/.
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73. ↑ "Zotye E200 China auto sales figures" (in en-US). 15 March 2016. https://carsalesbase.com/china-zotye-e200/.
74. ↑ Committee on Appropriations; House of Representatives; Ninety-fifth Congress; second session (1978). Department of the Interior and related agencies appropriations for 1979. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 343. https://books.google.com/books?id=Joq2AAAAIAAJ&q=DJ-5E+Electruck. Retrieved 26 December 2010.
75. ↑ "Electric car for the average Joe not far away". Wheels.ca. 14 September 2012. http://www.wheels.ca/feature/electric-car-for-the-average-joe-not-far-away/.
76. ↑ John Voelcker (19 March 2013). "All-Electric Sports Car Coming Next Month From Detroit Startup?". Green Car Reports. http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1082994_all-electric-corvette-coming-next-month-from-detroit-startup. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
77. ↑ "Test Extra: Enfield 8000 Electric". Autocar 144 (4137): 66–69. 21 February 1976.
78. ↑ Adamson, Ian; Kennedy, Richard (1986). Sinclair and the 'Sunrise' Technology. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books. p. 188.
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