IAU designated constellations

Short description: Constellations recognized by the International Astronomical Union

IAU designated constellations in equirectangular projection (epoch B1875.0)

In contemporary astronomy, 88 constellations are recognized by the International Astronomical Union (IAU).[1] Each constellation is a region of the sky bordered by arcs of right ascension and declination, together covering the entire celestial sphere. Their boundaries were officially adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1928[2] and published in 1930.[3]

The ancient Mesopotamians and later the Greeks established most of the northern constellations in international use today, listed by the Roman-Egyptian astronomer Ptolemy. The constellations along the ecliptic are called the zodiac. When explorers mapped the stars of the southern skies, European astronomers proposed new constellations for that region, as well as ones to fill gaps between the traditional constellations. Because of their Roman and European origins, every constellation has a Latin name. In 1922, the International Astronomical Union adopted three-letter abbreviations for 89 constellations, the modern list of 88 plus Argo.[4] After this, Eugène Joseph Delporte drew boundaries for each of the 88 constellations so that every point in the sky belonged to one constellation.[1][3] Therefore, when an object is said to lay inside a particular constellation, it is understood to be positioned within these specified boundaries.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Modern constellations
* 2.1 Abbreviations
* 2.2 List
* 3 Asterisms
* 4 See also
* 5 Notes
* 6 References
* 7 External links

## History

Some constellations are no longer recognized by the IAU but may appear in older star charts and other references. The most notable of these is Argo Navis, which was one of Ptolemy's original 48 constellations. In the 1750s, the French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille divided this into three separate constellations: Carina, Puppis, and Vela.[5]

## Modern constellations

The 88 constellations depict 42 animals, 29 inanimate objects, and 17 humans or mythological characters.

### Abbreviations

Each IAU constellation has an official three-letter abbreviation based on the Latin genitive form of the constellation name. As the genitive is similar to the base name, the majority of the abbreviations are the first three letters of the constellation name: Ori for Orion/Orionis, Ara for Ara/Arae, and Com for Coma Berenices. Some abbreviations use letters beyond the initial three to unambiguously identify the constellation: Aps for Apus/Apodis, CrA for Corona Australis, CrB for Corona Borealis, Crv for Corvus. (Crater is abbreviated Crt to prevent confusion with CrA.) In other cases, the abbreviation contains letters from the genitive not appearing in the base name, as in Hyi for Hydrus/Hydri, to avoid confusion with Hydra, abbreviated Hya; and Sge for Sagitta/Sagittae, to avoid confusion with Sgr for Sagittarius. When letters are taken from the second word of a two-word name, the first letter from the second word is capitalised: CMa for Canis Major, CMi for Canis Minor. Two cases are ambiguous: Leo for the constellation Leo could be mistaken for Leo Minor (abbreviated LMi), and Tri for Triangulum could be mistaken for Triangulum Australe (abbreviated TrA).[6]

In addition to the three-letter abbreviations used today, the IAU also introduced four-letter abbreviations in 1932. The four-letter abbreviations were repealed in 1955 and are now obsolete, but were included in the NASA Dictionary of Technical Terms for Aerospace Use (NASA SP-7) published in 1965.[7] These are labeled "NASA" in the table below and are included here for reference only.

### List

For help with the literary English pronunciations, see the pronunciation key. There is considerable diversity in how Latinate names are pronounced in English. For traditions closer to the original, see Latin spelling and pronunciation.

Constellation  | Abbreviations  | Genitive  | Origin  | Meaning  | Brightest star  | Area (sq. deg.)

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|
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IAU​[8] | NASA​[9] | Name  | Vis. mag.
Andromeda
/ænˈdrɒmɪdə/[10] | And | Andr | Andromedae | ancient (Ptolemy) | Andromeda (mythological character) | Alpheratz | 2.06  | 722
Antlia
/ˈæntliə/[10] | Ant | Antl | Antliae | 1756, Lacaille, as Antlia Pneumatica | (air) pump | α Antliae | 4.25  | 239
Apus
/ˈeɪpəs/[11] | Aps | Apus | Apodis
/ˈæpoʊdɪs/[11] | 1598, Plancius, Keyser, de Houtman[lower-alpha 1] | bird-of-paradise | Paradys | 3.83  | 206
Aquarius
/əˈkwɛəriəs/[10] | Aqr | Aqar | Aquarii | ancient (Ptolemy) | water-bearer | Sadalsuud | 2.87  | 980
Aquila
/ˈækwɪlə/[10] | Aql | Aqil | Aquilae | ancient (Ptolemy) | eagle | Altair | 0.76  | 652
Ara
/ˈɛərə/[11] | Ara | Arae | Arae
/ˈɛəriː/[11] | ancient (Ptolemy) | altar | β Arae | 2.84  | 237
Aries
/ˈɛər(i)iːz/[10][11] | Ari | Arie | Arietis
/əˈraɪ.ɪtɪs/[11] | ancient (Ptolemy) | ram | Hamal | 2.00  | 441
Auriga
/ɔːˈraɪɡə/[10][11] | Aur | Auri | Aurigae
/ɔːˈraɪdʒiː/[11] | ancient (Ptolemy) | charioteer | Capella | 0.08  | 657
Boötes
/boʊˈoʊtiːz/[10] | Boo | Boot | Boötis | ancient (Ptolemy) | herdsman | Arcturus | −0.05  | 907
Caelum
/ˈsiːləm/[11] | Cae | Cael | Caeli
/ˈsiːlaɪ/[11] | 1756, Lacaille, as Caelum Sculptorium | chisel or engraving tool | α Caeli | 4.46  | 125
Camelopardalis
/kəˌmɛloʊˈpɑːrdəlɪs/​[11] | Cam | Caml | Camelopardalis
/kəˌmɛloʊˈpɑːrdəlɪs/​[11] | 1613, Plancius[lower-alpha 2] | giraffe | β Camelo­pardalis | 4.02  | 757
Cancer
/ˈkænsər/[10] | Cnc | Canc | Cancri | ancient (Ptolemy) | crab | Tarf | 3.52  | 506
Canes Venatici
/ˈkeɪniːz vɪˈnætɪsaɪ/[11] | CVn | CVen | Canum Venaticorum | 1690, Hevelius | hunting dogs | Cor Caroli | 2.81  | 465
Canis Major
/ˈkeɪnɪs ˈmeɪdʒər/[11] | CMa | CMaj | Canis Majoris | ancient (Ptolemy) | greater dog | Sirius | −1.46  | 380
Canis Minor
/ˈkeɪnɪs ˈmaɪnər/[11] | CMi | CMin | Canis Minoris | ancient (Ptolemy) | lesser dog | Procyon | 0.34  | 183
Capricornus
/ˌkæprɪˈkɔːrnəs/[11] | Cap | Capr | Capricorni
/ˌkæprɪˈkɔːrnaɪ/[11] | ancient (Ptolemy) | sea goat[12] | Deneb Algedi | 2.81  | 414
Carina
/kəˈraɪnə/[10] | Car | Cari | Carinae | ancient (Ptolemy); 1756, Lacaille, split from Argo Navis | keel | Canopus | −0.74  | 494
Cassiopeia
/ˌkæsioʊˈpiːə/[10][11] | Cas | Cass | Cassiopeiae
/ˌkæsioʊˈpiːiː/[11] | ancient (Ptolemy) | Cassiopeia (mythological character) | Schedar | 2.24  | 598
Centaurus
/sɛnˈtɔːrəs/[10] | Cen | Cent | Centauri | ancient (Ptolemy) | centaur | Alpha Centauri | −0.27  | 1060
Cepheus
/ˈsiːfiəs/[11] | Cep | Ceph | Cephei
/ˈsiːfiaɪ/[11] | ancient (Ptolemy) | Cepheus (mythological character) | Alderamin  | 2.46  | 588
Cetus
/ˈsiːtəs/[11] | Cet | Ceti | Ceti
/ˈsiːtaɪ/[11] | ancient (Ptolemy) | sea monster (later interpreted as a whale) | Diphda | 2.02  | 1231
Chamaeleon
/kəˈmiːliən/[10] | Cha | Cham | Chamaeleontis | 1598, Plancius, Keyser, de Houtman[lower-alpha 1] | chameleon | α Chamae­leontis | 4.06  | 132
Circinus
/ˈsɜːrsɪnəs/[10] | Cir | Circ | Circini | 1756, Lacaille | compasses | Xami | 3.19  | 93
Columba
/koʊˈlʌmbə/[10] | Col | Colm | Columbae | 1592, Plancius,[lower-alpha 2] split from Canis Major | dove | Phact | 2.65  | 270
Coma Berenices
/ˈkoʊmə ˌbɛrəˈnaɪsiːz/[11] | Com | Coma | Comae Berenices
/ˈkoʊmiː ˌbɛrəˈnaɪsiːz/[11] | ancient (Ptolemy); 1536, Caspar Vopel,[13] split from Leo | Berenice's hair | β Comae Berenices | 4.26  | 386
Corona Australis
/koʊˈroʊnə ɔːˈstrælɪs, -ˈstreɪ-/[10][11] | CrA | CorA | Coronae Australis | ancient (Ptolemy) | southern crown | Meridiana | 4.09  | 128
Corona Borealis
/koʊˈroʊnə ˌbɔːriˈælɪs, -ˈeɪlɪs/[10][11] | CrB | CorB | Coronae Borealis | ancient (Ptolemy) | northern crown | Alphecca | 2.24  | 179
Corvus
/ˈkɔːrvəs/[10] | Crv | Corv | Corvi | ancient (Ptolemy) | crow | Gienah | 2.59  | 184
Crater
/ˈkreɪtər/[10] | Crt | Crat | Crateris | ancient (Ptolemy) | krater (bowl for mixing wine) | δ Crateris | 3.56  | 282
Crux
/ˈkrʌks/[10] | Cru | Cruc | Crucis | 1589, Plancius, split from Centaurus | cross | Acrux | 0.76  | 68
Cygnus
/ˈsɪɡnəs/[10] | Cyg | Cygn | Cygni | ancient (Ptolemy) | swan | Deneb | 1.25  | 804
Delphinus
/dɛlˈfaɪnəs/[10] | Del | Dlph | Delphini | ancient (Ptolemy) | dolphin | Rotanev | 3.62  | 189
Dorado
/dəˈrɑːdoʊ/[14] | Dor | Dora | Doradus | 1598, Plancius, Keyser, de Houtman[lower-alpha 1] | mahi-mahi (dolphinfish) | α Doradus | 3.26  | 179
Draco
/ˈdreɪkoʊ/[11] | Dra | Drac | Draconis
/drəˈkoʊnɪs/[11] | ancient (Ptolemy) | dragon | Eltanin | 2.23  | 1083
Equuleus
/ɪˈkwuːliəs/[11] | Equ | Equl | Equulei
/ɪˈkwuːliaɪ/[11] | ancient (Ptolemy) | pony | Kitalpha | 3.92  | 72
Eridanus
/ɪˈrɪdənəs/[11] | Eri | Erid | Eridani
/ɪˈrɪdənaɪ/[11] | ancient (Ptolemy) | river Eridanus (mythology) | Achernar | 0.43  | 1138
Fornax
/ˈfɔːrnæks/ | For | Forn | Fornacis | 1756, Lacaille, as Fourneau Chymique | (chemical) furnace | Dalim | 3.92  | 398
Gemini
/ˈdʒɛmɪnaɪ/[10] | Gem | Gemi | Geminorum | ancient (Ptolemy) | twins (Lugal-irra and Meslamta-ea, later Castor and Pollux) | Pollux | 1.14  | 514
Grus
/ˈɡrʌs/[11] | Gru | Grus | Gruis
/ˈɡruːɪs/[11] | 1598, Plancius, Keyser, de Houtman[lower-alpha 1] | crane (bird) | Alnair | 1.74  | 366
Hercules
/ˈhɜːrkjʊliːz/[11] | Her | Herc | Herculis | ancient (Ptolemy) | Hercules (mythological character) | Korne­phoros | 2.81  | 1225
Horologium
/ˌhɒrəˈlɒdʒiəm, -ˈloʊ-/[10][11] | Hor | Horo | Horologii | 1756, Lacaille | pendulum clock | α Horologii | 3.85  | 249
Hydra
/ˈhaɪdrə/[10] | Hya | Hyda | Hydrae | ancient (Ptolemy) | Hydra (mythological creature) | Alphard | 2.00  | 1303
Hydrus
/ˈhaɪdrəs/[10] | Hyi | Hydi | Hydri | 1598, Plancius, Keyser, de Houtman[lower-alpha 1] | lesser water snake | β Hydri | 2.80  | 243
Indus
/ˈɪndəs/[10] | Ind | Indi | Indi | 1598, Plancius, Keyser, de Houtman[lower-alpha 1] | Indian (of unspecified type)[15] | α Indi | 3.11  | 294
Lacerta
/ləˈsɜːrtə/[10] | Lac | Lacr | Lacertae | 1690, Hevelius | lizard | Stellio | 3.76  | 201
Leo
/ˈliːoʊ/[10] | Leo | Leon | Leonis | ancient (Ptolemy) | lion | Regulus | 1.35  | 947
Leo Minor
/ˈliːoʊ ˈmaɪnər/[10] | LMi | LMin | Leonis Minoris | 1690, Hevelius | lesser lion | Praecipua | 3.83  | 232
Lepus
/ˈliːpəs/[11] | Lep | Leps | Leporis
/ˈlɛpərɪs/[10][11] | ancient (Ptolemy) | hare | Arneb | 2.59  | 290
Libra
/ˈlaɪbrə, ˈliː-/[10] | Lib | Libr | Librae | ancient (Ptolemy) | balance | Zuben­eschemali | 2.61  | 538
Lupus
/ˈljuːpəs/[10] | Lup | Lupi | Lupi | ancient (Ptolemy) | wolf | Uridim  | 2.30  | 334
Lynx
/ˈlɪŋks/[10] | Lyn | Lync | Lyncis | 1690, Hevelius | lynx | α Lyncis | 3.14  | 545
Lyra
/ˈlaɪrə/[10] | Lyr | Lyra | Lyrae | ancient (Ptolemy) | lyre / harp | Vega | 0.03  | 286
Mensa
/ˈmɛnsə/[10] | Men | Mens | Mensae | 1756, Lacaille, as Mons Mensæ | Table Mountain (South Africa) | Hoerikwaggo | 5.09  | 153
Microscopium
/ˌmaɪkroʊˈskɒpiəm/ | Mic | Micr | Microscopii | 1756, Lacaille | microscope | γ Microscopii | 4.68  | 210
Monoceros
/məˈnɒsɪrəs/[10][11] | Mon | Mono | Monocerotis | 1613, Plancius[lower-alpha 2] | unicorn | β Monocerotis | 3.74  | 482
Musca
/ˈmʌskə/[11] | Mus | Musc | Muscae
/ˈmʌsiː/[10][11] | 1598, Plancius, Keyser, de Houtman[lower-alpha 1] | fly | α Muscae | 2.69  | 138
Norma
/ˈnɔːrmə/[10] | Nor | Norm | Normae
/ˈnɔːrmiː/[10] | 1756, Lacaille | carpenter's level | γ2 Normae | 4.02  | 165
Octans
/ˈɒktænz/[11] | Oct | Octn | Octantis
/ɒkˈtæntɪs/[11] | 1756, Lacaille | octant (instrument) | ν Octantis | 3.73  | 291
Ophiuchus
/ˌɒfiˈjuːkəs/[10] | Oph | Ophi | Ophiuchi | ancient (Ptolemy) | serpent-bearer | Rasalhague | 2.07  | 948
Orion
/oʊˈraɪən/[10] | Ori | Orio | Orionis
/oʊˈraɪənɪs, ˌɒriˈoʊnɪs/[11] | ancient (Ptolemy) | Orion (mythological character) | Rigel | 0.13  | 594
Pavo
/ˈpeɪvoʊ/[10][11] | Pav | Pavo | Pavonis
/pəˈvoʊnɪs/[11] | 1598, Plancius, Keyser, de Houtman[lower-alpha 1] | peacock | Peacock | 1.94  | 378
Pegasus
/ˈpɛɡəsəs/[10] | Peg | Pegs | Pegasi | ancient (Ptolemy) | Pegasus (mythological winged horse) | Enif | 2.40  | 1121
Perseus
/ˈpɜːrsiəs/[11] | Per | Pers | Persei
/ˈpɜːrsiaɪ/[11] | ancient (Ptolemy) | Perseus (mythological character) | Mirfak | 1.82  | 615
Phoenix
/ˈfiːnɪks/[10] | Phe | Phoe | Phoenicis
/fɪˈnaɪsɪs/ | 1598, Plancius, Keyser, de Houtman[lower-alpha 1] | phoenix | Ankaa | 2.38  | 469
Pictor
/ˈpɪktər/[11] | Pic | Pict | Pictoris
/pɪkˈtɔːrɪs/[11] | 1756, Lacaille, as Equuleus Pictoris | painter (originally 'painter's easel') | α Pictoris | 3.27  | 247
Pisces
/ˈpaɪsiːz, ˈpɪ-/[10][11] | Psc | Pisc | Piscium
/ˈpɪʃiəm/[11] | ancient (Ptolemy) | fish (plural) | Alpherg | 3.61  | 889
Piscis Austrinus
/ˈpaɪsɪs ɔːˈstraɪnəs/ | PsA | PscA | Piscis Austrini | ancient (Ptolemy) | southern fish | Fomalhaut | 1.16  | 245
Puppis
/ˈpʌpɪs/[11] | Pup | Pupp | Puppis
/ˈpʌpɪs/[11] | ancient (Ptolemy); 1756, Lacaille, split from Argo Navis | poop deck | Naos | 2.25  | 673
Pyxis
/ˈpɪksɪs/[10] | Pyx | Pyxi | Pyxidis | 1756, Lacaille, as Pyxis Nautica | mariner's compass | α Pyxidis | 3.67  | 221
Reticulum
/rɪˈtɪkjʊləm/[10] | Ret | Reti | Reticuli | 1756, Lacaille | reticle | Rhombus | 3.32  | 114
Sagitta
/səˈdʒɪtə/[10] | Sge | Sgte | Sagittae | ancient (Ptolemy) | arrow | Telum | 3.47  | 80
Sagittarius
/ˌsædʒɪˈtɛəriəs/[10] | Sgr | Sgtr | Sagittarii | ancient (Ptolemy) | archer | Kaus Australis | 1.85  | 867
Scorpius
/ˈskɔːrpiəs/[10] | Sco | Scor | Scorpii | ancient (Ptolemy) | scorpion | Antares | 0.91  | 497
Sculptor
/ˈskʌlptər/[10] | Scl | Scul | Sculptoris | 1756, Lacaille, as Apparatus Sculptoris | sculptor (originally 'sculptor's tools') | α Sculptoris | 4.30  | 475
Scutum
/ˈskjuːtəm/[10] | Sct | Scut | Scuti | 1690, Hevelius, as Scutum Sobiescianum | shield (of Sobieski) | Tianbian | 3.83  | 109
Serpens[16]
/ˈsɜːrpɛnz/ | Ser | Serp | Serpentis | ancient (Ptolemy) | snake | Unukalhai | 2.62  | 637
Sextans
/ˈsɛkstənz/[11] | Sex | Sext | Sextantis
/sɛksˈtæntɪs/[11] | 1690, Hevelius | sextant | α Sextantis | 4.49  | 314
Taurus
/ˈtɔːrəs/[10] | Tau | Taur | Tauri | ancient (Ptolemy) | bull | Aldebaran | 0.86  | 797
Telescopium
/ˌtɛlɪˈskɒpiəm/ | Tel | Tele | Telescopii | 1756, Lacaille | telescope | α Telescopii | 3.51  | 252
Triangulum
/traɪˈæŋɡjʊləm/ | Tri | Tria | Trianguli | ancient (Ptolemy) | triangle | Alaybasan | 3.00  | 132
Triangulum Australe
/traɪˈæŋɡjʊləm ɔːˈstræliː, -ˈstreɪ-/ | TrA | TrAu | Trianguli Australis | 1598, Plancius, Keyser, de Houtman[lower-alpha 1] | southern triangle | Atria | 1.91  | 110
Tucana
/tjuːˈkeɪnə/ | Tuc | Tucn | Tucanae | 1598, Plancius, Keyser, de Houtman[lower-alpha 1] | toucan | Lang-Exster | 2.85  | 295
Ursa Major
/ˌɜːrsə ˈmeɪdʒər/[10] | UMa | UMaj | Ursae Majoris | ancient (Ptolemy) | great bear | Alioth | 1.77  | 1280
Ursa Minor
/ˌɜːrsə ˈmaɪnər/[10] | UMi | UMin | Ursae Minoris | ancient (Ptolemy) | lesser bear | Polaris | 1.98  | 256
Vela
/ˈviːlə/[10] | Vel | Velr | Velorum
/vɪˈloʊrəm/ | ancient (Ptolemy); 1756, Lacaille, split from Argo Navis | sails | γ Velorum | 1.83  | 500
Virgo
/ˈvɜːrɡoʊ/[10] | Vir | Virg | Virginis | ancient (Ptolemy) | virgin, maiden | Spica | 0.97  | 1294
Volans
/ˈvoʊlænz/[11] | Vol | Voln | Volantis
/voʊˈlæntɪs/[11] | 1598, Plancius, Keyser, de Houtman,[lower-alpha 1] as Piscis Volans | flying fish | γ Volantis | 3.61  | 141
Vulpecula
/vʌlˈpɛkjʊlə/[10] | Vul | Vulp | Vulpeculae | 1690, Hevelius, as Vulpecula cum Ansere | little fox (originally, 'little fox with the goose') | Anser | 4.40  | 268

## Asterisms

Various other non-IAU-designated patterns, known as asterisms, exist alongside the constellations. Some are part of one larger constellation, while others consist of stars in two adjoining constellations. Examples include the Big Dipper in Ursa Major; the Teapot in Sagittarius; the Square of Pegasus in Pegasus and Andromeda; and the False Cross in Carina and Vela.

## See also

* Lists of astronomical objects
* List of constellations by area
* Biblical names of stars
* Lists of stars by constellation
* Constellation family
* Galactic quadrant

## Notes

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 With the exception of Triangulum Australe (which was mentioned but not precisely charted earlier), these southern constellations first appeared on a globe engraved by Jodocus Hondius and published by Petrus Plancius in 1598. The constellations were based on observations by Dutch navigators Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser and Frederick de Houtman, who were commissioned by Plancius to chart the southern sky on a voyage to what is now Indonesia. It is no longer clear who formed the observations into the constellations shown on the globe, and modern authors generally give credit to some combination of Kaiser, de Houtmann, and Plancius. The constellations are also widely but incorrectly attributed to Johann Bayer, since they first became widely known from his star atlas Uranometria, published in 1603.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 The constellations Camelopardalis, Columba, and Monoceros, formed by Petrus Plancius in 1592 and in 1613, are often erroneously attributed to Jacob Bartsch and Augustin Royer.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "The Constellations". International Astronomical Union. https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/constellations/.
2. ↑ Paul Stroobant, "(3) Commission des notations, des unités et de l'économie des publications", in: F.J.M. Stratton (ed.), Transactions of the International Astronomical Union: Vol. III. Third General Assembly held at Leiden, July 5 to July 13, 1928 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1929), pp. 17, 223 & 299.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Eugène Delporte; International Astronomical Union (1930). Délimitation scientifique des constellations. At the University press. https://historiadelaastronomia.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/delporte.pdf.
4. ↑ Paul Stroobant, "Meetings of Standing Committees: (3) Notations", in: A. Fowler (ed.), Transactions of the International Astronomical Union: Vol. I. First General Assembly held at Rome, May 2nd to May 10th, 1922 (London: Imperial College Bookstall, 1922), pp. 158 & 207.
5. ↑ "Argo Navis". Ian Ridpath’s Star Tales. http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/argo.html.
6. ↑ Russell, Henry Norris (1922). "The New International Symbols for the Constellations". Popular Astronomy 30: 469. Bibcode: 1922PA.....30..469R.
7. ↑ "Constellations". Ian Ridpath. http://www.ianridpath.com/constellations1.html.
8. ↑ "The Constellations". International Astronomical Union. https://iauarchive.eso.org/public/themes/constellations/.
9. ↑ NASA Dictionary of terms for Aerospace Use – table V, Constellations
10. ↑ 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 10.15 10.16 10.17 10.18 10.19 10.20 10.21 10.22 10.23 10.24 10.25 10.26 10.27 10.28 10.29 10.30 10.31 10.32 10.33 10.34 10.35 10.36 10.37 10.38 10.39 10.40 10.41 10.42 10.43 10.44 10.45 10.46 10.47 10.48 10.49 10.50 10.51 10.52 10.53 10.54 10.55 10.56 10.57 OED, 2nd edition
11. ↑ 11.00 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10 11.11 11.12 11.13 11.14 11.15 11.16 11.17 11.18 11.19 11.20 11.21 11.22 11.23 11.24 11.25 11.26 11.27 11.28 11.29 11.30 11.31 11.32 11.33 11.34 11.35 11.36 11.37 11.38 11.39 11.40 11.41 11.42 11.43 11.44 11.45 11.46 11.47 11.48 11.49 11.50 11.51 11.52 11.53 11.54 11.55 11.56 11.57 11.58 Random House Dictionary
12. ↑ Ridpath, Ian. "Capricornus". http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/capricornus.html.
13. ↑ "Comae Berenices". http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/comaberenices.html.
14. ↑ "Definition of dorado". Collins English Dictionary. http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/dorado.
15. ↑ Ridpath, Ian. "Indus". http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/indus.html.
16. ↑ Serpens may be divided into Serpens Cauda (serpent's tail) and Serpens Caput (serpent's head), but these disjoint areas are considered part of the same constellation by the IAU.

## External links

* The Constellations 1 – Ian Ridpath's history of IAU constellations.
* Ian Ridpath's Star Tales: Constellation Mythology and History – Ian Ridpath's Star Tales.
* VizieR – CDS's archive of constellation boundaries. The text file constbnd.dat gives the 1875.0 coordinates of the vertices of the constellation regions, together with the constellations adjacent to each boundary segment.

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The 88 modern constellations

* Andromeda
* Antlia
* Apus
* Aquarius
* Aquila
* Ara
* Aries
* Auriga
* Boötes
* Caelum
* Camelopardalis
* Cancer
* Canes Venatici
* Canis Major
* Canis Minor
* Capricornus
* Carina
* Cassiopeia
* Centaurus
* Cepheus
* Cetus
* Chamaeleon
* Circinus
* Columba
* Coma Berenices
* Corona Australis
* Corona Borealis
* Corvus
* Crater
* Crux
* Cygnus
* Delphinus
* Dorado
* Draco
* Equuleus
* Eridanus
* Fornax
* Gemini
* Grus
* Hercules
* Horologium
* Hydra
* Hydrus
* Indus
* Lacerta
* Leo
* Leo Minor
* Lepus
* Libra
* Lupus
* Lynx
* Lyra
* Mensa
* Microscopium
* Monoceros
* Musca
* Norma
* Octans
* Ophiuchus
* Orion
* Pavo
* Pegasus
* Perseus
* Phoenix
* Pictor
* Pisces
* Piscis Austrinus
* Puppis
* Pyxis
* Reticulum
* Sagitta
* Sagittarius
* Scorpius
* Sculptor
* Scutum
* Serpens
* Sextans
* Taurus
* Telescopium
* Triangulum
* Triangulum Australe
* Tucana
* Ursa Major
* Ursa Minor
* Vela
* Virgo
* Volans
* Vulpecula

* Astronomy:Lists of constellations

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Constellation history

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The 48 constellations listed by Ptolemy after 150 AD

* Andromeda
* Aquarius
* Aquila
* Ara
* Argo Navis
* Aries
* Auriga
* Boötes
* Cancer
* Canis Major
* Canis Minor
* Capricornus
* Cassiopeia
* Centaurus
* Cepheus
* Cetus
* Corona Australis
* Corona Borealis
* Corvus
* Crater
* Cygnus
* Delphinus
* Draco
* Equuleus
* Eridanus
* Gemini
* Hercules
* Hydra
* Leo
* Lepus
* Libra
* Lupus
* Lyra
* Ophiuchus
* Orion
* Pegasus
* Perseus
* Pisces
* Piscis Austrinus
* Sagitta
* Sagittarius
* Scorpius
* Serpens
* Taurus
* Triangulum
* Ursa Major
* Ursa Minor
* Virgo

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The 41 additional constellations added in the 16th and 17th centuries

* Vespucci or Corsalius early 16c: Crux
* Triangulum Australe
* Vopel 1536: Coma Berenices
* Keyser & de Houtman 1596: Apus
* Chamaeleon
* Dorado
* Grus
* Hydrus
* Indus
* Musca
* Pavo
* Phoenix
* Tucana
* Volans
* Plancius 1613: Camelopardalis
* Columba
* Monoceros
* Habrecht 1621: Reticulum
* Hevelius 1683: Canes Venatici
* Lacerta
* Leo Minor
* Lynx
* Scutum
* Sextans
* Vulpecula
* de Lacaille 1763: Antlia
* Caelum
* Carina
* Circinus
* Fornax
* Horologium
* Mensa
* Microscopium
* Norma
* Octans
* Pictor
* Puppis
* Pyxis
* Sculptor
* Telescopium
* Vela

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Obsolete constellations (including Ptolemy's Argo Navis)

* Anser
* Antinous
* Apes
* Argo Navis
* Asterion
* Cancer Minor
* Cerberus
* Chara
* Custos Messium
* Felis
* Frederici Honores/Gloria Frederici
* Gallus
* Globus Aerostaticus
* Jordanus
* Lilium
* Lochium Funis
* Machina Electrica
* Malus
* Mons Maenalus
* Musca Borealis
* Noctua
* Officina Typographica
* Polophylax
* Psalterium Georgianum/Harpa Georgii
* Quadrans Muralis
* Ramus Pomifer
* Robur Carolinum
* Sceptrum Brandenburgicum
* Sceptrum et Manus Iustitiae
* Solarium
* Rangifer/Tarandus
* Taurus Poniatovii
* Telescopium Herschelii
* Testudo
* Tigris
* Triangulum Minus
* Turdus Solitarius
* Vespa
* Vultur cadens
* Vultur volans

* obsolete constellation names

* Apis
* Phoenicopterus
* Serpentarius
* Xiphias

Template:ConstellationsListedByPtolemy

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Constellations introduced by Johannes Hevelius after 1687

IAU-recognized constellations|

* Canes Venatici
* Lacerta
* Leo Minor
* Lynx
* Scutum
* Sextans
* Vulpecula

Obsolete constellations
(non-IAU constellations)|

* Cerberus
* Mons Maenalus
* Triangulum Minus

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Constellations introduced by Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille after 1756

* Antlia
* Caelum
* Circinus
* Fornax
* Horologium
* Mensa
* Microscopium
* Norma
* Octans
* Pictor
* Pyxis
* Reticulum
* Sculptor
* Telescopium

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