List of hybrid vehicles

Short description: none

Template:Inc-transport

| This engineering needs to be updated. Please update this engineering to reflect recent events or newly available information. (June 2014)

|

The Lohner–Porsche Mixte Hybrid was the first gasoline–electric hybrid automobile.

This is a list of hybrid vehicles. A hybrid could theoretically have any two power sources, but hybrid vehicles have typically combined an internal combustion engine with a battery and electric motor(s).

This list includes both regular hybrid electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids, in chronological order of first production. Since Porsche made the first hybrid car in 1899 there have been a number of hybrid vehicles; but there was a marked increase in interest in, and development of, hybrid vehicles for personal transport in the late 1990s.

## Contents

* 1 Automobiles
* 1.1 Overview by decade
* 1.2 Early designs: 1899–1917
* 2 Concepts
* 3 Buses
* 3.1 Date unknown
* 4 See also
* 5 References
* 6 External links

## Automobiles

Template:Inc-transport

### Overview by decade

Year  | Company  | Name  | Type  | Comments  | MPG

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Pre-1950
1899  | Jacob Lohner & Co.  |  | Automobile  |  |
1900  | Pieper of Belgium  |  | Automobile  |  |
1901  | Jacob Lohner & Co.  | Lohner–Porsche | Automobile  |  |
1905  | Fischer Motor Vehicle Co.  | Petrol–electric Omnibus  | Bus  |  |
1906  | Auto-Mixte |  | Automobile  | Pieper patent  |
1907  | AL (French car)  |  | Automobile  |  |
1911  | Tilling-Stevens  | TTA1 petrol–electric (in service on Thomas Tilling routes)  | Bus  | Petrol–electric transmission, but no storage battery and no propulsion except with the petrol engine running  |
1915  | Owen Magnetic | Touring Car  | Automobile  | The 'Car of a Thousand Speeds'  |
1915  | Woods Motor Vehicle  | Dual Power Model 44  | Automobile  |  |
1950s
1951  | Compagnie Normande d'Etudes  | Arbel | Automobile  | A petrol–electric hybrid powered on the Lohner–Porsche principle. Very few made and most were prototypes. A nuclear power plant was proposed for the 1958 version.  |
1960s
1969  | Mercedes-Benz | Mercedes-Benz OE 302  | Bus
1969  | General Motors | General Motors XP-883 | Automobile  |  |
1970s
1970  | Lviv Bus Factory  | LAZ 360EM  | Bus  | First and last low floor Soviet city bus with hybrid transmission, this bus was built as a concept bus, and only one example was made.  |
1972  |  | Towns Microdot | Automobile  |  |
1979  | Fiat  | Fiat 131 Ibrida[1] | Automobile  | Fiat hybrid prototype, 903 cc engine mated to a 24 kW (33 PS; 32 hp) DC  |
1980s
1980  | Daihatsu Motor Co.  | Daihatsu Charmant Hybrid  | Automobile  | This four-door, four-seater car was part of a series of EV prototypes constructed by Daihatsu in the seventies and eighties. It used a 550 cc two-cylinder engine which charged the batteries, and was augmented by two DC electric motors during acceleration.[2] |
1986  |  | Twike | Automobile  | The Twike HEHV designed by a group of Swiss students debuted at the 1986 World expo in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It remains in limited production and available in the United States (source: Neiman Marcus Christmas Book 2007, page 89).  |
1986  | Honda | Gaselle | Automobile  | The Goldwing engine-based Gaselle hybrid gas/electric prototype built by Sarabjit Gandhi drove 8050 km in 16 days as part of the World Energy Autocross.  |
1988  | Alfa Romeo | 33 Ibrida[3][4] | Automobile  |  |
1990s
1991  | Hino | Hino Blue Ribbon HIMR  | Bus  |  |
1992  | Volvo Cars | Volvo ECC | Automobile  | Gas turbine–electric  |
1993  | Mitsubishi | Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Star MBECS, first generation  | Bus  |  |
1993  | Hino | Model unknown, medium duty, for sale in Japan only. First generation.  | Truck  |  |
1995  | Fiat  | Vanzic[5] | Automobile  | Electric motor with the assistance of a thermal energy generator  |
1995  | Nissan | Nissan Diesel UA ERIP  | Bus  |  |
1996  | Isuzu | Isuzu Cubic CHASSE  | Bus  |  |
1996  | Gillig Corporation  | Gillig Phantom Hybrid  | Bus  |  |
1997  | Audi  | Audi A4 Avant Duo | Automobile  | First production Audi Hybrid, third generation of the "Duo" hybrid powertrain, PHEV  |
1997  | Toyota | Toyota Coaster Hybrid EV  | Bus  | First Japanese series hybrid bus  |
1997  | Toyota | Toyota Prius (Japanese market only)  | Automobile  |  |
1998  | New Flyer Industries  | New Flyer DE40LF (diesel–electric hybrid bus), originally called "H40LF"  | Bus  |  |
1999  | Honda | Honda Insight | Automobile  |  |
1999  | Orion International  | Orion VI Hybrid  | Bus  |  |
2000s
2000  | Nissan | Tino Hybrid  | Automobile  | 1.769L QG18DE 74 kW petrol engine and EM29 17 kW electric motor  |
2000  | Fiat  | Multipla Hybrid Power[6] | Automobile  | Thermal engine and electric motor  |
2000  | Toyota | Toyota Prius (introduced to US market)  | Automobile  | 1NZ-FXE 4cyl engine, 2001–2003 model  |
2001  | Toyota | Toyota Crown (Japan only)  | Automobile  | Mild hybrid |
2001  | Toyota | Toyota Estima (Japan only)  | Automobile  |  |
2002  | Honda | Honda Civic Hybrid | Automobile  | Mild hybrid, 2003 model  |
2002?  | Mazda | Mazda Demio e-4WD (Japanese market only)  | Automobile  | Used the electric motor for traction assistance[7] |
2002  | Mitsubishi | Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Star Nonstep HEV bus, second generation  | Bus  |  |
2002  | Nova Bus  | Nova Bus RTS HEV bus (4 units built)  | Bus  |  |
2002  | Motor Coach Industries  | MCI D4000 HEV (4 units built)  | Bus  |  |
2002  | Wrightbus  | Wright Electrocity  | Bus  |  |
2002  | New Flyer Industries  | New Flyer DE60LF  | Bus  |  |
2003  | Hino | Hino Ranger Hybrid, light-duty, for sale in Japan only. Fourth generation  | Truck  |  |
2003  | Orion International  | Orion VII hybrid bus[8] | Bus  |  |
2003  | TransBus International  | TransBus Enviro200H  | Bus  |  |
2003  | Suzuki | Suzuki Twin | Automobile  |  |
2003  | Toyota | Toyota Alphard hybrid (Japan only)  | Automobile  |  |
2003  | Toyota | Toyota Prius | Automobile  | (5-seat midsize, 2004–2009 model, second generation Hybrid Synergy Drive 1,000,000 sold (as of May 15, 2008))  | 48 mpg (city)
45 mpg (highway)
2003  | Toyota | Dyna Diesel Hybrid/Toyoace hybrid (commercial truck, Japan only, diesel hybrid)  | Automobile  |  |
2004  | Chevrolet  | Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra Hybrid  | Automobile  | Mild hybrid, w/no electrical motor for propulsion, electricity only used to power accessories  |
2004  | Ford | Ford Escape Hybrid (2005 model)  | SUV  |  |
2004  | Honda | Honda Accord Hybrid  | Automobile  | Mild hybrid, 2005–2007 model, discontinued due to slow sales  | 25 mpg (city)
34 mpg (highway)
2004  | Toyota | Hino Dutro/Toyota Dyna Hybrid, light-duty, for sale in Japan only. Fourth generation  | Truck  |  |
2004  | New Flyer Industries  | New Flyer GE40LF (gasoline–electric hybrid bus)  | Bus  |  |
2004  | Hino | Hino S'elega R Hybrid  | Bus  |  |
2004  | Hino | Hino Blue Ribbon City Hybrid  | Bus  |  |
2004  | Gillig Corporation  | Gillig Low Floor Hybrid  | Bus  |  |
2005  | Honda | Honda Civic Hybrid | Automobile  | 2006 model, second generation  | 49 mpg (city)
51 mpg (highway)
2005  | Lexus | Lexus RX 400h  | Automobile  | 2006 model, 3MZ-FE V6 engine  | (AWD) 27 mpg (city)
25 mpg (highway)
2005  | Toyota | Toyota Highlander/Klueger Hybrid | Automobile  | 2006-2007 model, 3MZ-FE V6 engine  | 2WD
33 mpg (city)
28 mpg (highway)
4WD
31 mpg (city)
27 mpg (highway)
2005  | Mercury automobile  | Mercury Mariner hybrid  | Automobile  | Twin of Ford Escape Hybrid (2005 model)  |
2006  | IC Corporation  | IC Corporation Hybrid School Bus  | Bus  |  |
2006  | Nova Bus  | Nova Bus LFS HEV  | Bus  |  |
2006  | Wrightbus  | Wright Pulsar Gemini HEV  | Bus  |  |
2006  | New Flyer Industries  | New Flyer DE40LFR  | Bus  |  |
2006  | Saturn Corporation  | Saturn Vue Green Line | Automobile  | BAS, mild hybrid, 2007 model  | (2WD) 27 mpg (city)
32 mpg (highway)
2006  | Lexus | Lexus GS 450h  | Automobile  | 2007 model, 2GR-FSE engine  | 25 mpg (city)
28 mpg (highway)
2006  | Toyota | Toyota Camry Hybrid  | Automobile  | 2007 model, 2AZ-FXE engine  | 40 mpg (city)
38 mpg (highway)
2006  | Toyota | Toyota Estima hybrid (redesign, minivan, Japan only)  | Automobile  | It is claimed by Toyota to be the world's first hybrid minibus.  |
2006  | Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corporation  | Canter Eco Hybrid  | Truck  |  |
2006  |  | International FTTS  | Truck  |  |
2007  | New Flyer Industries  | New Flyer DE60LFR  | Bus  |  |
2007  | Lexus | Lexus LS600hL  | Automobile  | 2008 model, first V8 full hybrid, 2UR-FSE engine  |
2007  | Nissan | Nissan Altima | Automobile  | Licensed Toyota Hybrid Synergy Drive | 42 mpg (city)
36 mpg (highway)
2007  | Toyota | Toyota Highlander/Kluger Hybrid | Automobile  | 2008 vehicle redesign, mostly same 3MZ-FE V6 engine  |
2007  | Hino | Hybrid 6500 Medium, light-duty, available in Australia.[9] | Truck  |  |
2007  | E-One  | E-ONE[10] Hybrid Command Center  | Truck  |  |
2007  | Eaton Corporation | Medium-duty hybrid trucks fully commercialized in conjunction with FedEx Express and other partners[11] | Truck  |  |
2007  | Ford | Ford Escape Hybrid  | SUV  | 2008 model year  | (2WD) 36 mpg (city)

31 mpg (highway)
(4WD) 32 mpg (city) 29 mpg (highway)

2007  | Mazda | Mazda Tribute Hybrid | SUV  | Twin of Ford Escape Hybrid  |
2007  | Mercury automobile  | Mercury Mariner Hybrid  | SUV  | Twin of Ford Escape Hybrid  |
2008  | Alexander Dennis  | Alexander Dennis Enviro200H  | Bus  |  |
2008  | Alexander Dennis  | Alexander Dennis Enviro400H  | Bus  |  |
2008  | Alexander Dennis  | Alexander Dennis Enviro500H  | Bus  |  |
2008  | Beiqi Foton/Eaton Corporation | Beiqi Foton with Eaton Corp. diesel–electric hybrid powertrains[12] | Bus  |  |
2008  | Hino | Hino S'elega Hybrid (second generation)  | Bus  |  |
2008  | New Flyer  | Xcelsior XDE40 Hybrid  | Bus  |  |
2008  | Optare  | Optare Tempo  | Bus  |  |
2008  | Volvo | Volvo B5L Hybrid  | Bus  |  |
2008  | Wrightbus  | Wright Gemini 2 HEV  | Bus  |  |
2008  | Chevrolet  | Chevrolet Malibu | Automobile  | BAS, mild hybrid, canceled in 2009  |
2008  | Buick | Buick Lacrosse Hybrid  | Automobile  | BAS, mild hybrid, Chinese market only, Twin of Chevrolet Malibu |
2008  | Cadillac | Cadillac Escalade (2009 model)  | SUV  | Global Hybrid Cooperation |
2008  | Chevrolet  | Chevrolet Tahoe (2008 model)  | SUV  | Global Hybrid Cooperation, RWD/AWD  |
2008  | GMC  | GMC Yukon Hybrid (2008 model)  | SUV  | Global Hybrid Cooperation  |
2008  | Chevrolet  | Chevrolet Silverado Hybrid (2009 model)  | Truck  | Global Hybrid Cooperation, first full hybrid full-size pickup truck  | 2WD 18 mpg (city)/21 mpg (highway)
4WD 17 mpg (city)/19 mpg (highway)
2008  | GMC  | GMC Sierra Hybrid (2009 model)  | Truck  | Global Hybrid Cooperation | 2WD 18 mpg (city)/21 mpg (highway)
4WD 17 mpg (city)/19 mpg (highway)
2008  | Dodge  | Dodge Durango Hybrid (2009 model)  | SUV  | Global Hybrid Cooperation, 2009 model only, Estimated overall production figures for the Durango and Aspen hybrid is around 800 cars[13] |
2008  | Chrysler | Chrysler Aspen Hybrid (2009 model)  | SUV  | Twin of Dodge Durango Hybrid |
2008  | Saturn Corporation  | Saturn Vue Green Line (2008–2010 model)  | Automobile  | BAS, mild hybrid |
2008  | Saturn Corporation  | Saturn AURA Green Line (2008–2010 model)  | Automobile  | BAS, mild hybrid | 28 mpg (city)

35 mpg (highway)

2008  | Toyota | Toyota Crown hybrid  | Automobile  | Redsign, now a full hybrid, Japanese market  |
2008  | BYD Auto | BYD F3DM Plug-in hybrid, (China market)  | Automobile  |  |
2008  | Komatsu Limited | Komatsu PC200-8 Hybrid excavator  | Excavator  |  |
2009  | BMW | BMW X6 ActiveHybrid (US market)  | Automobile  | Global Hybrid Cooperation, BMW's first full hybrid  |
2009  | Ford | Ford Fusion Hybrid | Automobile  | 1st generation (2010), rebadged variant of Mercury Milan Hybrid, Lincoln MKZ Hybrid |
2009  | Mercury | Mercury Milan Hybrid | Automobile  | Rebadged variant of Ford Fusion Hybrid, Lincoln MKZ Hybrid |
2009  | Honda | Honda Insight (2010 model year)  | Automobile  | Second-generation model, now as a 5-door hatchback  |
2009  | Lexus | Lexus RX 450h  | Automobile  | 2010 model, 2GR-FXE V6 engine, 2nd generation  |
2009  | Lexus | Lexus HS 250h/Toyota Sai | Automobile  | 2AZ-FXE engine, similar to Camry hybrid  |
2009  | Mercedes-Benz | Mercedes S400 BlueHybrid | Automobile  | Global Hybrid Cooperation, mild hybrid, first lithium-ion battery hybrid and first Mercedes hybrid  |
2009  | Mercedes-Benz | Mercedes ML 450 Hybrid 4MATIC | SUV  | Global Hybrid Cooperation |
2009  | Toyota | Toyota Prius | Automobile  | 3rd generation, 2010 model year, 2ZR-FXE I4 engine  | 51 mpg (city)

48 mpg (highway)

2009  | Phoenix Motorcars  | Phoenix Motorcars  | Automobile  | Starts selling plug-in hybrid SUV & Truck in California 2009 (also available all-electric); Assembled in the United States; no projected release date outside California yet  |
2009  | Hyundai Motor Company | Hyundai Elantra LPI Hybrid  | Automobile  | first hybrid to adopt advanced lithium polymer (Li–Poly) batteries and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as fuel; South Korean market only  |
2010s
2010  | BMW | BMW ActiveHybrid 7 | Automobile  | Mild hybrid, lithium-ion battery  |
2010  | Fiat  | Fiat Panda hybrid fuel cell/battery | Automobile  |  |
2010  | Honda | Honda CR-Z | Automobile  |  |
2010  | Honda | Honda Fit Hybrid[14] | Automobile  | Japanese and European market only  |
2010  | Hyundai | Hyundai Sonata Hybrid  | Automobile  | 2011 model, sales began end of 2010  |
2010  | Toyota | Toyota Auris Hybrid  | Automobile  | 2ZR-FXE I4 engine. similar to 3rd gen Prius powertrain  |
2010  | Toyota | Toyota Highlander hybrid  | Automobile  | revised hybrid powertrain, similar to RX 450h, 2011 model  |
2010  | Lincoln  | MKZ Hybrid  | Automobile  | 1st generation (2011), rebadged variant of Ford Fusion Hybrid and Mercury Milan Hybrid |
2010  | Porsche | Porsche Cayenne S  | Automobile  | 2011 model, sales began end of 2010  |
2010  | Chevrolet  | Volt | Automobile  | 2011 model, also called Opel Ampera  |
2010  | Alexander Dennis  | Alexander Dennis Enviro350H  | Bus  |  |
2010  | New Flyer  | Xcelsior XDE35 Hybrid  | Bus  |  |
2010  | Optare  | Optare Versa  | Bus  |  |
2010  | Porsche | Porsche 918 Spyder | Automobile  | 2014 Model. 4.6L V8 engine + 2 electric motors – 823 bhp (614 kW; 834 PS)  |
2011  | Honda | Honda Civic Hybrid | Automobile  | 2011 redesign, 1.5L engine, lithium-ion battery  |
2011  | Kia | Kia Optima Hybrid  | Automobile  | 2011 model, Twin of Hyundai Sonata Hybrid |
2011  | Infiniti | Infiniti M35 Hybrid  | Automobile  | 2011 model  |
2011  | Toyota | Toyota Prius v/Toyota Prius α  | Automobile  | 2012 model. It will be called Prius + in Europe  |
2011  | Toyota | Toyota Camry Hybrid  | Automobile  | 2012 model  |
2011  | Volkswagen | VW Touareg Hybrid | SUV  | 2012 model  |
2011  | Fisker Automotive | Fisker Karma | Automobile  | 2012 model  |
2011  | Toyota | Crown | Automobile  | 2012 model, Japanese and Chinese market  |
2011  | Lexus | Lexus CT 200h hybrid  | Automobile  | similar to Prius powertrain, 2ZR-FXE I4 engine  |
2011  | Peugeot | Peugeot 3008 HYbrid4  | Automobile  | The world's first production diesel–electric hybrid  |
2011  | Peugeot | Peugeot 508 RXH | Automobile  | diesel–electric hybrid  |
2011  | Citroën | Citroën DS5 HYbrid4  | Automobile  | diesel–electric hybrid  |
2011  | Porsche  | Panamera S Hybrid | Automobile  | 2012 Model  |
2011  | Audi  | A8 Hybrid | Automobile  | 2012 model  |
2011  | Audi  | A6 Hybrid | Automobile  | 2012 model  |
2011  | Audi  | Q5 Hybrid | SUV  | 2012 model  |
2011  | Mercedes-Benz  | E 300 Bluetec Hybrid, E 400 Hybrid | Automobile  | 2012 - 2016 model years. E 300 Bluetec Hybrid is a diesel–electric hybrid  |
2011  | Toyota  | Toyota Prius c/Toyota Aqua | Automobile  | Several world markets except Europe, called Aqua in Japan  |
2011  | Chevrolet  | Malibu Hybrid | Automobile  | 2011 model year, mild hybrid using GM eAssist  |
2012  | Buick  | LaCrosse Hybrid | Automobile  | 2012 model year, twin of Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid |
2012  | Buick  | Regal | Automobile  | 2012 model year, mild hybrid using GM eAssist  |
2012  | Toyota  | Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid | Automobile  | It is based on the 2012 Prius third generation. Available in Japan, U.S. and Europe  |
2012  | Toyota  | Toyota Yaris Hybrid  | Automobile  | Europe only. Available since June 2012.[15] |
2012  | Lexus  | Lexus ES 300h  | Automobile  | 2012 model  |
2012  | Lexus  | Lexus GS 450h | Automobile  | 2012 model  |
2012  | Honda  | Acura ILX Hybrid  | Automobile  |  |
2012  | BYD  | Qin plug-in hybrid  | Automobile  |  |
2012  | BMW  | BMW ActiveHybrid 5  | Automobile  | 2013 model  |
2012  | BMW  | BMW ActiveHybrid 3  | Automobile  | 2013 model  |
2012  | Ford  | Ford Fusion Hybrid | Automobile  | 2013 model  |
2012  | Lincoln  | MKZ Hybrid | Automobile  | 2nd generation (2013-1020), rebadged variant of Ford Fusion Hybrid and Mercury Milan Hybrid |
2012  | Ford  | Ford C-Max Hybrid  | Compact MPV | 2013 model  |
2012  | Ford  | Ford C-Max Energi plug-in hybrid  | Compact MPV/SUV  | 2013 model  |
2012  | Volvo  | Volvo V60 Plug-in Hybrid (diesel)  | Wagon  | Scheduled for November 2012 (Europe only)  |
2012  | Volkswagen  | Volkswagen Jetta Hybrid  | Automobile  | Scheduled for late 2012 as a 2013 model  |
2012  | Toyota  | Toyota Avalon Hybrid  | Automobile  | 2013 model year  |
2012  | New Flyer  | Xcelsior XDE60 Hybrid  | Bus  |  |
2013  | Ford  | Ford Fusion Energi plug-in hybrid  | Automobile  | U.S. sales scheduled to begin by early 2013  |
2013  | Mitsubishi  | Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV | SUV | Sales scheduled to begin in the Japanese market in the first half of 2013  |
2013  | Honda  | Honda Accord Hybrid | Automobile  | 2014 model year  |
2013  | Honda  | Honda Accord Plug-in Hybrid  | Automobile  | 2014 model year  |
2013  | Honda  | Honda Fit Hybrid | Automobile  | 2014 model year, Japanese Market only  |
2013  | Honda  | Honda City / Grace Hybrid | Automobile  | 2014 model year, Japanese / Malaysian Market only  |
2013  | Honda  | Vezel / HR-V hybrid | SUV  | Japanese Market only, 2014 model year  |
2013  | Nissan  | Pathfinder Hybrid | SUV  | 2014 model year, canceled within the same year or the next depending on country  |
2013  | Subaru  | Crosstrek Hybrid | SUV  | 2014 model year  |
2013  | BMW  | BMW i3 REx  | Automobile  | This is the plug-in hybrid version of all-electric car scheduled for late 2013  |
2013  | Fisker  | Fisker Surf |  | Production is scheduled for 2013  |
2013  | Cadillac  | Cadillac ELR plug-in hybrid  | Automobile  | Scheduled for U.S. market launch by late 2013 as a 2014 model year, Related to Chevy Volt |
2013  | McLaren | McLaren P1 | Automobile  | 3.8L Twin-turbo V8 engine with KERS – 903 bhp (673 kW; 916 PS). Can run on battery alone  |
2013  | Ferrari | LaFerrari | Automobile  | 2014 model year. 6.3L V12 engine with KERS – 963 bhp (718 kW; 976 PS)  |
2013  | Porsche  | Panamera S E-Hybrid | Automobile  | 2014 model year  |
2013  | Roewe  | 550 PHEV | Automobile  |  |
2014  | Chevrolet  | Impala | Automobile  | 2014 model year, mild hybrid with eAssist, discontinued in 2015 due to poor sales  |
2014  | Acura  | RLX Sport Hybrid | Automobile  | 2014 model year  |
2014  | Lexus  | NX 300h | SUV  | 2015 model year  |
2014  | Nissan  | X-Trail Hybrid | SUV  | 2015 model year, for the Asian market  |
2014  | Infiniti  | Q70 | Automobile  | 2014 model year, rename of Infiniti M35 Hybrid |
2014  | Infiniti  | Q50 | Automobile  | 2014 model year  |
2014  | Infiniti  | QX60 | SUV  | 2014 model year  |
2014  | BMW  | BMW i8 | Automobile  | Retail deliveries began in June 2014  |
2014  | BMW  | BMW 530 LE | Automobile  | 2015 model, Chinese market  |
2014  | Porsche  | Cayenne S E-Hybrid | SUV  | 2015 model year  |
2014  | Audi  | Q7 e-tron  | SUV  |  |
2014  | Audi  | A3 Sportback e-tron  | Automobile  |  |
2014  | Volkswagen  | Golf GTE  | Automobile  | Shares the same powertrain as the Audi A3 Sportback e-tron  |
2014  | Volkswagen  | XL1  | Automobile  | Limited run of 250 vehicles  |
2015  | BMW  | BMW 225xe iPerformance  | Automobile  | Retail deliveries began late 2015  |
2015  | BMW  | X5 xDrive 40e iPerformance | SUV  | 2016 model year  |
2015  | BMW  | X1 xDrive 25LE | SUV  | 2016 model year, Chinese market  |
2015  | BYD  | Tang | SUV  |  |
2015  | Chevrolet  | Volt | Automobile  | 2016 model year  |
2015  | Hyundai  | Sonata PHEV | Automobile  | 2016 model year  |
2015  | Kia  | Optima Hybrid | Automobile  | 2016 model year, twin of Hyundai Sonota, but is not a PHEV  |
2015  | Mercedes-Benz  | C350e | Automobile  | 2016 model year  |
2015  | Mercedes-Benz  | GLC 350e | SUV  | 2016 model year  |
2015  | Mercedes-Benz  | GLE 550e | SUV  | 2016 model year  |
2015  | Mercedes-Benz  | S500e  | Automobile  | 2016 model year  |
2015  | Toyota  | Prius | Automobile  | 2016 model year  |
2015  | Toyota  | RAV4 | SUV  | 2016 model year  |
2015  | Lexus  | RX 450h | SUV  | 2016 model year  |
2015  | Nissan  | Murano Hybrid | SUV  | 2016 model year  |
2015  | Volvo  | XC90 T8 | SUV  | 2016 model year  |
2015  | Volkswagen  | Passat GTE  | Automobile  |  |
2016  | BMW  | BMW 330e iPerformance | Automobile  | Retail deliveries began 2016  |
2016  | BMW  | 740e iPerformance | Automobile  | 2017 model year  |
2016  | BMW  | 530e iPerformance | Automobile  | 2017 model year  |
2016  | Mercedes  | E 350e | Automobile  | 2017 model year  |
2016  | Chrysler  | Pacifica Hybrid | Van  | 2017 model year  |
2016  | Chevrolet  | Malibu Hybrid  | Automobile  | 2016 model year, first full hybrid of Malibu  |
2016  | Chevrolet  | Silverado Hybrid  | Truck  | 2016 model year, mild hybrid with eAssist, California only 2016, only certain states 2017  |
2016  | GMC  | Sierra Hybrid  | Truck  | 2016 model year, twin of Chevrolet Silverado Hybrid |
2016  | Ferrari  | LaFerrari Aperta  | Automobile  | 2016 model year  |
2016  | Koenigsegg  | Regera | Automobile  | 2016 model year, utilizes 3 electric motors and a single speed gearbox  |
2016  | Hyundai  | Hyundai Ioniq | Automobile  | Retail deliveries began 2016  |
2016  | Kia  | Niro | SUV  | 2017 model year  |
2016  | Kia  | Optima PHEV | Automobile  | 2017 model year, Twin of Hyundai Sonata PHEV |
2016  | Toyota  | Prius Prime | Automobile  | 2017 model year, PHEV version of Prius  |
2016  | Volvo  | S90 T8 | Automobile  | 2017 model year  |
2016  | Volvo  | V90 T8 | Wagon  | 2017 model year  |
2016  | Zinoro  | 60H | Automobile  |  |
2017  | Honda/Acura  | Honda NSX | Automobile  | 2017 model year. Released March 14, 2016. 3.5L V6 engine – 573 bhp (427 kW; 581 PS).  |
2017  | Honda/Acura  | Acura MDX Sport Hybrid | SUV  | 2017 model year  |
2017  | Honda  | CR-V | SUV  | 2018 model year  |
2017  | Honda  | Clarity Plug-in Hybrid | Automobile  | 2017 model year  |
2017  | Honda  | Accord Hybrid | Automobile  | 2018 model year  |
2017  | Toyota  | Camry Hybrid | Automobile  | 2018 model year  |
2017  | Nissan  | Rouge Hybrid | SUV  | 2017 model year, canceled in 2020 due to slow sales, related to the earlier Nissan X-Trail Hybrid for Asia  |
2017  | Mini  | Countryman S E ALL4 PHEV | SUV  | 2018 model year  |
2017  | Volvo  | XC60 T8 | SUV  | 2018 model year  |
2017  | LEVC  | TX | Automobile  | London Taxi; Range extender series hybrid  |
2017  | Lexus  | LS500h | Automobile  | 2018 model year  |
2017  | Lexus  | LC500h | Automobile  | 2018 model year and first car to employ a dual transmission (CVT and 4-speed automatic)  |
2017  | Cadillac  | CT6 Plug-in Hybrid  | Automobile  |
2018  | Buick  | LaCrosse | Automobile  | 2018 model year, twin of Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid, but different drivetrain, still a mild hybrid and uses eAssist in the US and a different system in China  |
2018  | Land Rover  | Evoque P300e | SUV  | 2019 model year  |
2018?  | Jaguar  | E-Pace P300e | SUV  | 2019 model year  |
2018  | Land Rover  | Range Rover P400e | SUV  | 2019 model year  |
2018?  | Jaguar  | F-Pace P400e | SUV  | 2019 model year  |
2018  | Volvo  | XC40 Recharge | SUV  | 2019 model year, Recharge trim also used for the full EV  |
2018  | Volvo  | S60 T8 TE | Automobile  | 2019 model year  |
2018  | Audi  | A6 & A6 Allroad | Automobile  | 2019 model year, PHEV and MHEV  |
2018  | BMW  | X5 | SUV  | 2019 model year, PHEV  |
2018  | BMW  | X1 xDrive25e | SUV  | 2019 model year, PHEV, continuation of 2016 Chinese market BMW X1 for all markets  |
2018  | BMW  | 330e | Automobile  | 2019 model year, PHEV  |
2018  | Mercedes  | A 250 e | Automobile  | 2019 model year  |
2018  | Mercedes  | B 250 e | Automobile  | 2019 model year  |
2018  | Mercedes  | GLE 350e/ 350de/ 400e/ AMG 53 Hybrid | SUV  | 2019 model year  |
2018  | Mercedes - AMG  | GT 63 S E-Performance | Automobile  | 2019 model year  |
2018  | Subaru  | Crosstrek Hybrid | SUV  | 2019 model year (2nd generation, US market compliance car)  |
2018  | Subaru  | Crosstrek eBOXER | SUV  | 2019 model year, European market  |
2018  | Subaru  | Forester eBOXER | SUV  | 2019 model year, European market  |
2018  | Honda  | Insight | Automobile  | 2019 model year  |
2018  | Toyota  | Corolla Hybrid | Automobile  | 2019 model year  |
2018  | Toyota  | Rav4 Hybrid | Automobile  | 2019 model year, HEV and PHEV  |
2018  | Toyota  | Crown | Automobile  | 2019 model year, Asian Market  |
2018  | Lexus  | UX 250h/260h | SUV  | 2019 model year  |
2018  | Kia  | Forte Hybrid | Automobile  | 2019 model year  |
2018  | Hyundai  | Kona Hybrid | SUV  | 2019 model year  |
2019  | Hyundai  | Sonata Hybrid | Automobile  | 2020 model year  |
2019  | Volvo  | V60 T8 | Wagon  | 2020 model year  |
2019  | Honda  | Fit / Jazz | Automobile  | 2020 model year, Asian and European market  |
2019  | Honda  | City | Automobile  | 2020 model year, Asian market  |
2019  | Lexus  | LM 300h | Van  | 2020 model year, Japanese market  |
2019  | Lincoln  | Aviator PHEV | SUV  | 2020 model year  |
2019  | Lincoln  | Corsair PHEV | SUV  | 2020 model year  |
2019  | Jeep  | Wrangler  | SUV  | 2019-2020 model year, Mild hybrid utilizing FCA's eTorque BAS system  |
2019  | Ram  | 1500 | Truck  | 2019 model year, Mild hybrid utilizing FCA's eTorque BAS system  |
2019  | Bentley  | Bentayga | SUV  | 2019 model year  |
2019  | Bentley  | Flying Spur | Automobile  | 2019 model year  |
2019  | Audi  | Q8 TFSI e quattro | SUV  | 2020 model year, PHEV and MHEV  |
2019  | Audi  | Q5 | SUV  | 2020 model year, PHEV and MHEV  |
2019  | Audi  | A8 | Automobile  | 2020 model year, PHEV and MHEV  |
2019  | Lamborghini  | Sian FKP 37 | Automobile  | 2020 model year, under 100 cars produced, uses supercapacitors instead of a battery  |
2019  | BMW  | X3 xDrive30e | SUV  | 2020 model year, PHEV  |
2019  | BMW  | X2 xDrive 25e | SUV  | 2020 model year, PHEV  |
2019  | Mercedes  | CLA 250e | Automobile  | 2020 model year  |
2019  | Mercedes  | GLA 250e | SUV  | 2020 model year  |
2020s
2020  | Jeep  | Renegade | SUV  | 2021 model year, European Market, Fiat Global Small Engine  |
2020  | Jeep  | Compass 4xe | SUV  | 2021 model year, European Market, Fiat Global Small Engine  |
2020  | Fiat  | 500 Hybrid | Automobile  | mild hybrid  |
2020  | Ferrari  | SF90 Stradale | Automobile  | 2020 model year  |
2020  | Ford  | Explorer | SUV  | 2020 model year  |
2020  | Ford  | Escape | SUV  | 2020 model year, hybrid and PHEV variants  |
2020  | Ford  | F-150 PowerBoost | Truck  | 2021 model year  |
2020  | McLaren  | Speedtail | Automobile  | 2020 model year  |
2020  | Land Rover  | Range Rover MHEV | SUV  | 2021 model year, all models use the same MHEV engines (3.0L i6 or diesel variants)  |
2020  | Audi  | A7 TFSIe | Automobile  | 2021 model year, PHEV  |
2020  | Audi  | A3 | Automobile  | 2021 model year, PHEV and MHEV  |
2020  | Audi  | Q3 | Automobile  | 2021 model year, PHEV  |
2020  | Volkswagen  | Touareg eHybrid | SUV  | 2021 model year, PHEV  |
2020  | Volkswagen  | Tiguan eHybrid | SUV  | 2021 model year, PHEV  |
2020  | Volkswagen  | Arteon eHybrid | Automobile  | 2021 model year, PHEV  |
2020  | Volkswagen  | Golf GTE / TSI eHybrid | Automobile  | 2021 model year, PHEV  |
2020  | Mercedes  | S 450e/ 580e | Automobile  | 2021 model year  |
2020  | Honda  | Vezel / HR-V | SUV  | 2021 model year, Asian and European markets  |
2020  | Toyota  | Sienna | Van  | 2021 model year  |
2020  | Toyota  | Venza | SUV  | 2021 model year  |
2020  | Toyota  | Corolla Cross Hybrid | SUV  | 2021 model year  |
2020  | Hyundai  | Santa Fe | SUV  | 2021 model year  |
2020  | Hyundai  | Elantra | Automobile  | 2021 model year  |
2020  | Hyundai  | Tucson | SUV  | 2021-2022 model year, depending on country, both MHEV, HEV, and PHEV variants  |
2020  | Kia  | Sorento | SUV  | 2021 model year  |
2020  | Kia  | K5 | Automobile  | 2021 model year  |
2020  | Kia  | Carnival | Van  | 2021 model year  |
2021  | Lamborghini  | Countach | Automobile  | 2022 model year, same drivetrain as the Sian, only 112 units sold  |
2021  | Volkswagen  | Multivan | Van  | 2022 model year, PHEV  |
2021  | Mercedes  | C 300e/ 63 AMG S E- Performance | Automobile  | 2022 model year  |
2021  | Mercedes  | GLC 300e/ 300de/ 350e/ 400e/ AMG 63 | SUV  | 2022 model year  |
2021  | Toyota  | Tundra | Truck  | 2022 model year  |
2021  | Nissan  | Qashqai e-Power | SUV  | 2022 model year  |
2021  | Nissan  | X-Trail E-Power | SUV  | 2022 model year  |
2021  | Lexus  | NX 350h/450h | SUV  | 2022 model year  |
2021  | Opel  | Astra Hybrid | Automobile  | 2022 model year  |
2021  | Fiat  | 500x | SUV  | 2022 model year, Europe market, Fiat Global Small Engine  |
2021  | Fiat  | Tipo | SUV  | 2022 model year, Europe market, Fiat Global Small Engine  |
2021  | Jeep  | Wrangler 4xe  | SUV  | 2021 model year  |
2021  | Jeep  | Grand Cherokee | SUV  | 2022 model year, Mild hybrid utilizing eTorque BAS system  |
2022  | Jeep  | Wagoneer | SUV  | 2022 model year, Mild hybrid utilizing eTorque BAS system  |
2022  | Ford  | Maverick | Truck  | 2022 model year  |
2022  | Honda  | Accord | Automobile  | 2023 model year  |
2022  | Honda  | Civic | Automobile  | 2023 model year  |
2022  | Honda  | CR-V  | SUV  | 2023 model year  |
2022  | Honda  | ZR-V | SUV  | 2023 model year, Asian market only  |
2022  | Suzuki  | Grand Vitara | SUV  | 2022 model year, Asian and African Markets  |
2022  | Toyota  | Urban Cruiser Hyryder Hybrid | SUV  | Twin of Suzuki Grand Vitara |
2022  | Toyota  | Innova Zenix Hybrid  | MPV  | 2022 model year, Asian Market  |
2022  | Toyota  | Sequoia | SUV  | 2023 model year, hybrid only powertrain  |
2022  | Toyota  | Crown | Automobile  | 2023 model year  |
2022  | Toyota  | Prius | Automobile  | 2023 model year, 5th generation, HEV and PHEV (Prius Prime)  |
2022  | Lexus  | RX 350h/500h/450h+ | SUV  | 2023 model year  |
2022  | Mazda  | CX-60 PHEV | SUV  | 2023 model year, first Mazda PHEV, sold everywhere but US  |
2022  | McLaren  | Artura | Automobile  | 2022 model year  |
2022  | Ferrari  | 296 GTB | Automobile  | 2022 model year  |
2022  | Alfa Romeo  | Tonale | SUV  | 2023 model year, Fiat Global Small Engine  |
2022  | Dodge  | Hornet R/T | SUV  | Twin of Alfa Romeo Tonale |
2022  | BMW  | 7 Series | Automobile  | 2023 model year, PHEV or MHEV for all engines  |
2022  | BMW  | XM | SUV  | 2023 model year, PHEV  |
2022  | Genesis  | G90 E-Supercharged | Automobile  | 2023 model year, utilizes an electric supercharger  |
2022  | Kia  | Sportage | SUV  | 2023 model year  |
2023  | Hyundai  | Santa Fe | SUV  | 2024 model year  |
2023  | Hyundai  | Kona | SUV  | 2024 model year  |
2023  | Mazda  | MX-30 PHEV | SUV  | 2023 model year, EUDM and JDM only  |
2023  | Mazda  | CX-90 PHEV | SUV  | 2024 model year  |
2023  | Mazda  | CX-50 Hybrid | SUV  | 2024 model year, uses Toyota drivetrain  |
2023  | Lincoln  | Nautilus Hybrid | SUV  | 2024 model year  |
2023  | Toyota  | Tacoma | Truck  | 2024 model year  |
2023  | Toyota  | Land Cruiser | SUV  | 2024 model year  |
2023  | Toyota  | Grand Highlander | SUV  | 2024 model year  |
2023  | Lexus  | TX 500h/550h+ | SUV  | 2024 model year, Twin of the Toyota Grand Highlander |
2023  | Lexus  | LBX | SUV  | 2024 model year, European and Japanese market  |
2023  | Lexus  | LM 300h/500h | Van  | 2024 model year, Japanese market  |
2023  | Jeep  | Grand Cherokee 4xe | SUV  | 2023 model year  |
2023  | Lamborghini  | Revuelto | Automobile  | 2024 model year  |
2023  | Volkswagen  | Passat eHybrid | Automobile  | 2024 model year, PHEV and MHEV  |
2023  | BMW  | 5 Series | Automobile  | 2024 model year, PHEV or MHEV for all engines  |
2023  | Mercedes  | SL 63 S E-Performance  | Automobile  | 2024 model year  |
2023  | Mercedes  | E 300e/ 300de/ 350e/ 53 hybrid+ | Automobile  | 2024 model year  |
2023  | Mercedes  | CLE 300e | Automobile  | 2024 model year  |
2023  | Mercedes - AMG  | GT63 S E-Performance | Automobile  | 2024 model year  |
2024  | Volkswagen  | Transporter / California  | Van  | 2025 model year, PHEV  |
2024  | Toyota  | Crown Signia | Wagon  | 2025 model year, replaces the Toyota Venza |
2024  | Toyota  | Camry | Automobile  | 2025 model year  |
2024  | Mazda  | CX-70 PHEV | SUV  | 2025 model year  |
2024  | Chevrolet  | Corvette E-Ray | Automobile  | 2024 model year  |
2024  | Koenigsegg  | Gemera | Automobile  | Upcoming car, single motor hybrid, 4 door  |
2025  | Aston Martin  | Valhalla | Automobile  | Upcoming car, proposed hybrid, 2025 model year  |
2025  | Porsche  | 911 Carrera GTS T-Hybrid | Automobile  | 2025 model year  |
2025  | KGM  | Torres | Automobile  | 2025 model year  |
2025  | Jeep  | Cherokee  | SUV  | Upcoming car, 2026 model year  |
2026  | Bugatti  | Tourbillon | Automobile  | Upcoming car, propose hybrid, 2026 model year

### Early designs: 1899–1917

* 1899: Carmaker Pieper of Belgium introduced a vehicle with an under-seat electric motor and a gasoline engine.[17] It used the internal combustion engine to charge its batteries at cruise speed and used both motors to accelerate or climb a hill. Auto-Mixte, also of Belgium, built vehicles from 1906 to 1912 under the Pieper patents.[18]
* 1900: Ferdinand Porsche, then a young engineer at Jacob Lohner & Co. creates the first gasoline–electric hybrid vehicles.[19]
* 1901: Jacob Lohner & Co. produces the first Lohner–Porsche, a series of gasoline–electric hybrid vehicles based on employee Ferdinand Porsche's novel drivetrain.[19] These vehicles had a driveline that was either gas or electric, but not both at the same time.
* 1905 or sooner: Fischer Motor Vehicle Co., Hoboken, NJ produces and sells a petrol–electric omnibus in the United States and in London, including battery storage.[20]
* 1907: AL (French car)
* 1917: Woods Dual Power Car had a driveline similar to the current GMC/Chevrolet Silverado hybrid pickup truck.

## Concepts

* 1989: Audi Duo, first Audi hybrid based on the Audi C3 100 Avant
* 1991: Audi Duo II
* 2008: Chrysler Town and Country Plug-in hybrid, part of Fiat Chrysler group called ENVI to make hybrid and electric cars
* 2008: Jeep Wrangler Plug-in hybrid, part of Fiat Chrysler group called ENVI to make hybrid and electric cars
* 2009: Jeep Patriot Plug-in hybrid, part of Fiat Chrysler group called ENVI to make hybrid and electric cars
* 2009: Chrysler 200C Plug-in hybrid, part of Fiat Chrysler group called ENVI to make hybrid and electric cars
* 2010: Ram 1500 Plug-in hybrid

## Buses

### Date unknown

Hybrid Volvo 7700H bus at the Czech Bus Fair 2011 Belkommunmash AKSM-4202K in Minsk, Belarus

* Castrosua Tempus (in use in Barcelona, Granada, Lugo, Madrid, Santiago de Compostela, Sevilla)[21]
* Irisbus Hynobis (Castellón)[22]
* MAN Lion's City Hybrid:
* Italy: Trento[23]
* Portugal: Lisboa and Oporto.
* Spain:Barcelona, Cádiz, Madrid, Málaga, Murcia, San Sebastián, Sevilla and Valladolid
* Mercedes Benz/Orion VII Hybrid
* North American Bus Industries 60-BRT Hybrid
* Scania OmniLink, ethanol–electric hybrid buses, (Stockholm)[24]
* Solaris:
* Germany: Dresden, Glonn, Hannover, Leipzig and Munich)
* Poland: Sosnowiec[25] and Poznań[26]
* Spain: Madrid
* Switzerland: Lenzburg[27]
* Tecnobus Gulliver (hybrid electric and all-electric versions), sold by Hispano Carrocera[28]
* Volvo 7700[29]
* Chery A3[30]
* Chang’an (Chana) Zhi-xiang[31]
* Belkommunmash AKSM-4202K[32]

## See also

* List of battery electric vehicles
* List of modern production plug-in electric vehicles
* SmILE
* Comparison of Toyota hybrids

## References

1. ↑ "Fiat 131 ibrida: un'occasione mancata." (in it-IT). 2020-01-15. https://ruoteclassiche.quattroruote.it/fiat-131-ibrida-unoccasione-mancata/.
2. ↑ Lösch, Annamaria, ed. (1981), "Electric Cars", World Cars 1981 (Pelham, NY: The Automobile Club of Italy/Herald Books): 44, ISBN 0-910714-13-4
3. ↑ Ago, Masterlukein #cars • 4 Years (2018-03-27). "Alfa Romeo 33 Hybrid, 10 years before the Prius!!" (in en). https://steemit.com/cars/@masterluke/alfa-romeo-33-hybrid-10-years-before-the-prius.
4. ↑ Licata, Matteo (2022-03-22). "5 Things You Didn't Know About The Alfa Romeo 33" (in en). https://medium.com/roadster-life/5-things-you-didnt-know-about-the-alfa-romeo-33-af583d287d21.
5. ↑ Cars, Story (2021-11-05). "1995 Fiat Vanzic" (in en). https://www.story-cars.com/post/1995-fiat-vanzic.
6. ↑ "L'occasion manquée". https://www.largus.fr/actualite-automobile/l-occasion-manquee-10458.html.
7. ↑ "MAZDA:Backnumber | News Releases". https://newsroom.mazda.com/en/publicity/release/2003/200311/1127e.html.
8. ↑ DaimlerChrysler Commercial Buses North America
9. ↑ "Hybrid - Hino Australia". http://www.hino.com.au/Models/HybridLightmediumdutywidecabin/tabid/68/Default.aspx.
10. ↑ "E-One: Rescues". http://www.e-one.com/index.asp?n=75&p=75&s=76&pid=66.
11. ↑ "Update on Eaton Medium-Duty Electric Hybrids". http://www.greencarcongress.com/2008/02/update-on-eaton.html.
12. ↑ "Eaton Corporation Introduces Its First Commercially Available Hybrid Power System in China with Beiqi Foton Bus Company and Guangzhou Yiqi Bus: (The following news release was also issued by Eaton in China on Jan. 14)". http://www.emediawire.com/releases/eaton/hybrid/emw622771.htm.
13. ↑ Stopford, William (2021-11-13). "The Most Obscure Special Editions and Forgotten Limited-Run Models: Mopar Edition, Part III - A Trip To Aspen" (in en-US). https://www.curbsideclassic.com/automotive-histories/the-most-obscure-special-editions-and-forgotten-limited-run-models-mopar-edition-part-iii-a-trip-to-aspen/.
14. ↑ "Honda to Begin Sales of Two More Hybrid Models in 2010" (Press release). Honda. 2009-07-13. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
15. ↑ Philippe Crowe (2012-06-25). "France-Sourced Toyota Yaris US-Bound in 2013". HybridCars.com. http://www.hybridcars.com/news/france-sourced-toyota-yaris-us-bound-2013-47498.html.
16. ↑ Edelstein, Stephen. "Do hybrid or electric supercars still have to roar to be taken seriously?". http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1103371_do-hybrid-or-electric-supercars-still-have-to-roar-to-be-taken-seriously.
17. ↑ (in French) Les voitures hybrides dans l'histoire on automania.be.
18. ↑ History of Hybrid Vehicles | Hybrid Cars
19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "The 1899 Lohner Porsche, the first Hybrid Vehicle?". http://www.hybrid-vehicle.org/hybrid-vehicle-porsche.html.
20. ↑ Extract of A. J. Wallis-Tayler, Motor vehicles for business purposes; A practical handbook for those interested in the transport of passengers and goods, 1905
21. ↑ "CASTROSUA Fabricante de carrocer as de autobuses y autocares". http://www.castrosua.com/index.html?idi=en.
22. ↑ "Nothing found for Article Asp?indexid=996". http://www.busride.com/article.asp?IndexID=996.
23. ↑ "Autobus Ibridi – Trentino trasporti S.p.A.". http://www.ttspa.it/web/guest/autobus-ibridi.
24. ↑ "Scania testing unique hybrid buses in Stockholm - Scania". http://www.scania.com/media/pressreleases/scania-testing-unique-hybrid-buses-in-stockholm.aspx.
25. ↑ "WPK » Kolejne solarisy w Sosnowcu". http://www.wpk.katowice.pl/?itemid=1822.
26. ↑ "Solaris will supply first hybrid bus in Poland to MPK Poznan Transportweekly . Com". http://www.transportweekly.com/pages/en/news/articles/50711/.
27. ↑ AG, Regionalbus Lenzburg. "Hybrid-Gelenkbus Solaris U18 H2 « Fahrzeugpark « Zahlen und Fakten « Über uns « Regionalbus Lenzburg AG". http://www.rbl.ch/index.php?id=127.
28. ↑ "Tecnobus – Autobus e minibus per il trasporto pubblico". http://www.tecnobus.it/home/en/prodotti.html.
29. ↑ "Hybrid - Hybrid : Volvo Buses". http://www.volvobuses.com/bus/global/en-gb/volvogroup/Environment/going greener/hybrid/Pages/hybrid.aspx.
30. ↑ "China's New Hybrid Cars: Almost Affordable in China". http://www.treehugger.com/cars/chinas-new-hybrid-cars-almost-affordable-in-china.html.
31. ↑ "Chang'an Motors - First Chinese Hybrid Car Manufacturer Continues Momentum - CleanCarTalk". http://www.cleancartalk.com/clean-car-talk-posts/changan-chana-motors-chinese-hybrid-car-manufacturer/.
32. ↑ "В СЛУЦКЕ СОСТОЯЛАСЬ ЦЕРЕМОНИЯ ПЕРЕДАЧИ ГИБРИДНОГО АВТОБУСА БЕЛКОММУНМАШ". 2019-08-01. https://bkm.by/news/v-slutske-sostoyalas-tseremoniya-peredachi-gibridnogo-avtobusa-belkommunmash/.

## External links

* Best Hybrid Cars (USA)
* Fuel Economy.gov
* 2007 Hybrid Cars
*   * 2021 Hybrid Auto Service

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