RIOT (operating system)

Short description: Real-time operating system

RIOT

RIOT – The friendly OS for the IoT

Developer| Free University of Berlin
French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation
Hamburg University of Applied Sciences
OS family| POSIX
Working state| Current
Source model| Open source
Initial release| 23 October 2009; 16 years ago (2009-10-23)
Marketing target| Embedded systems
Available in| English
Platforms| TI MSP430, ARM7, ARM Cortex-M0-M0+-M3-M4, Atmel AVR, MIPS32r2, RISC-V
Kernel type| Microkernel real-time
License| LGPLv2
Preceded by| FireKernel
Official website| riot-os.org

RIOT is a small operating system for networked, memory-constrained systems with a focus on low-power wireless Internet of things (IoT) devices. It is open-source software, released under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL).

## Contents

* 1 Background
* 2 Technical aspects
* 3 Source code
* 4 See also
* 5 References
* 6 External links

## Background

It was initially developed by Free University of Berlin (FU Berlin), French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation (INRIA) and the Hamburg University of Applied Sciences (HAW Hamburg). RIOT's kernel is mostly inherited from FireKernel,[1] which was originally developed for sensor networks. In 2015, one of the co-developers, Matthias Wählisch was awarded the Young Scientist Award of the Forum for Excellent Young Scientists for the contributions of his team to the open source operating system RIOT.[2]

## Technical aspects

RIOT is based on a microkernel architecture.[3] In contrast to other operating systems with similarly low memory use (such as TinyOS or Contiki), RIOT allows application software programming with the programming languages C and C++, and Rust,[4] also by an experimental application programming interface (API).[5] It has full multithreading and real-time abilities.[6] Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and successor Transport Layer Security (TLS) are supported by popular libraries such as wolfSSL.[7]

RIOT runs on processors of 8 bits (such as AVR Atmega), 16 bits (such as TI MSP430), and 32 bits (such as ARM Cortex).[8] A native port also enables RIOT to run as a Linux or macOS process, enabling use of standard developing and debugging tools such as GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), GNU Debugger, Valgrind, Wireshark, etc. RIOT is partly Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) compliant.

RIOT provides multiple network stacks,[9] including IPv6, 6LoWPAN, or content centric networking and standard protocols such as RPL,[10] User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and CoAP.

## Source code

RIOT source code is available on GitHub, and developed by an international community of open source developers.

## See also

* Contiki
* TinyOS
* FreeRTOS
* Nano-RK
* Zephyr
* Comparison of real-time operating systems

## References

1. ↑ Will, Heiko; Schleiser, Kaspar; Schiller, Jochen (October 2009). "A Real-Time Kernel for Wireless Sensor Networks Employed in Rescue Scenarios". Proceedings of the IEEE 34th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). pp. 834–841. doi:10.1109/LCN.2009.5355049. ISBN 978-1-4244-4488-5.
2. ↑ "Matthias Wählisch receives Young Scientist Award" (in en). 24 November 2015. https://www.mi.fu-berlin.de/inf/groups/ag-tech/news/Matthias-Waehlisch-awarded.html.
3. ↑ Baccelli, Emmanuel; Hahm, Oliver; Günes, Mesut; Wählisch, Matthias; Schmidt, Thomas (15 April 2013). "RIOT OS: Towards an OS for the Internet of Things". Proceedings of the 32nd IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). http://hal.inria.fr/docs/00/94/51/22/PDF/2013-riot_os.pdf. Retrieved 2014-05-18.
4. ↑ Lee, Lup Yuen (2020-09-15). "Safer, Simpler Embedded Programs with Rust on RIOT". https://summit.riot-os.org/2020/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2020/09/s4-2-Lup-Yuen-Lee.pdf.
5. ↑ "Rust support for RIOT" (in en). https://github.com/RIOT-OS/RIOT/issues/9799.
6. ↑ "Betriebssysteme für eingebettete Systeme im Internet der Dinge: Freie Fahrt für Experimentierfreudige". iX Developer Magazine, Special Issue on Embedded Software (Heise.de). 2014-02-14. http://www.heise.de/developer/meldung/Sonderheft-iX-Developer-Embedded-Software-am-Kiosk-erhaeltlich-2112409.html.
7. ↑ "wolfSSL Alpha examples by kaleb-himes: Pull Request #6197: RIOT-OS/RIOT" (in en). https://github.com/RIOT-OS/RIOT/pull/6197.
8. ↑ Gauthier, François (2014-04-09). "Avec RIOT, l'Internet des objets tient son OS temps reel open source". L'Embarqué. http://www.lembarque.com/avec-riot-linternet-des-objets-tient-son-os-temps-reel-open-source_001920.
9. ↑ Hahm, Oliver; Baccelli, Emmanuel; Petersen, Hauke; Wählisch, Matthias; Schmidt, Thomas C. (15 April 2014). "Demonstration abstract: Simply RIOT: Teaching and Experimental Research in the Internet of Things". Proceedings of the 13th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN). Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). pp. 329–330. ISBN 9781479931460. http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2602399. Retrieved 2014-05-18.
10. ↑ Brandt, A.; Hui, J.; Kelsey, R.; Levis, P.; Pister, K.; Struik, R.; Vasseur, J. P.; Alexander, R. (2012-03-01). "RPL: IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks". IETF Request For Comments 6550 (Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)). ISSN 2070-1721. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6550.

## External links

* v
* t
* e

Wireless sensor network

Operating
systems|

* Contiki
* ERIKA Enterprise
* LiteOS
* NanoQplus
* Nano-RK
* OpenTag
* RIOT
* TinyOS
* OpenWSN

Communications
protocols|

* 6LoWPAN
* IEEE 802.15.4
* ANT
* Bluetooth
* Bluetooth Low Energy (Wibree)
* DASH7
* ISA100.11a
* MiWi
* Near-field communication
* OCARI
* One-Net
* OSIAN
* Sidewalk
* Thread
* TIBUMAC
* TSMP
* WirelessHART
* Zigbee
* Z-Wave

Programming
languages|

* C
* LabVIEW

Hardware|

* Arduino
* Iris Mote
* Sun SPOT
* XBee

Software|

* NS-2
* LinuxMCE
* OPNET
* TinyDB-TOSSIM

Applications|

* Key distribution
* Location estimation
* Sensor network query processor
* Sensor web
* Wireless powerline sensor
* Telemetry

Routing
protocols|

* Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV)
* Dynamic Source Routing (DSR)

Conferences,
journals|

* European Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks (EWSN)
* International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN)
* Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys)

* v
* t
* e

Real-time operating systems (RTOS)

* Comparison of real-time operating systems

Open-source|

* BeRTOS
* ChibiOS/RT
* Contiki
* eCos
* ERIKA Enterprise
* FreeRTOS
* Fuchsia
* FunkOS
* Mynewt OS
* Nano-RK
* NuttX
* RIOT
* RTAI
* RTEMS
* RTLinux
* RT-Thread
* seL4
* TI-RTOS
* TRON
* Wombat OS
* Xenomai
* Zephyr

Proprietary|

* 4690 OS
* DioneOS
* embOS
* Integrity
* Junos OS
* LynxOS
* µC/OS-II
* MQX
* Nucleus RTOS
* OpenComRTOS
* OSE
* OS-9
* OS2000
* PikeOS
* QNX
* REAL/32
* REX OS
* ScreenOS
* ThreadX
* TPF
* VRTX
* VxWorks
* Windows Embedded Compact

Historic|

* 4680 OS
* Concurrent DOS
* DNIX
* DSOS
* EROS
* FlexOS
* MERT/UNIX-RT
* Multiuser DOS
* pSOS
* RMX
* RSX-11
* RT-11
* Sintran III
* Symbian
* THEOS
* UNOS

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Microkernels-nanokernels

Kernels|

* ADEOS
* EPOC
* EKA1
* EKA2
* Eumel
* Exec
* ExecSG
* EROS
* K42
* L3
* L4
* Little Kernel
* Mac OS nanokernel
* Mach
* GNU Mach
* MicroEmpix
* µ-velOSity
* nucleus
* NuKernel
* Off++
* Opus
* PowerUP
* Quark
* TI-RTOS kernel
* Vanguard
* WarpOS
* Zircon

Operating
systems|

* AmigaOS
* Amoeba
* AROS
* AspireOS
* Broadway
* Icaros Desktop
* ARX
* BeRTOS
* ChibiOS/RT
* ChorusOS
* Copland
* Cosmos
* EROS
* FreeRTOS
* Fuchsia
* Genode
* GNOSIS
* GNU Hurd
* HelenOS
* Hydra
* Integrity
* JX
* JavaOS
* KeyKOS
* Lites
* Classic Mac OS (PowerPC kernel)
* MachTen
* MacMach
* MeikOS
* MERT
* µC/OS
* Midori
* MINIX
* Minix-vmd
* MINIX 3
* MkLinux
* MorphOS
* MQX
* NLTSS
* Nucleus RTOS
* NuttX
* OS2000
* OSE
* Phantom OS
* PikeOS
* QNX
* RC 4000
* Redox
* REX OS
* RIOT
* SharpOS
* Singularity
* SPIN
* Spring
* Symbian
* Taligent OS
* ThreadX
* TI-RTOS
* Tinix
* UNICOS
* V
* Verve
* VRTX
* VSTa
* Wombat OS
* Workplace OS
* Zephyr

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