Kaichū type submarine

Short description: Class of WW2-era Japanese submarines

Class overview

Name:|  Kaichū type submarines
Builders:|

* Kure Naval Arsenal
* Sasebo Naval Arsenal
* Yokosuka Naval Arsenal
* Kawasaki Shipbuilding
* Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding
* Mitsubishi Heavy Industries

Operators:|  Imperial Japanese Navy
Subclasses:|

* Kaichū I (Ro-11 class)
* Kaichū II (Ro-13 class)
* Kaichū III (Ro-16 class)
* Kaichū IV (Ro-26 class)
* Toku-Chū/Kaichū V (Ro-29 class)
* Kaichū VI (Ro-33 class)
* Sen-Chū/Kaichū VII (Ro-35 class)

Built:|  1917-1944
In commission:|  1919-1945

The Kaichū type submarine (海中型潜水艦, Kaichū-gata sensuikan) submarines were double-hulled medium-sized submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. They were derived from the Kaigun-shiki Chū-gata Sensuikan (海軍式中型潜水艦, Navy Medium Type submarine).

Several variants existed. From 1934 to 1944, the K6 type (Ro-33 Class) and the K7 type (Senchū, Ro-35 Class) were built. They were equipped with a 76.2 mm (3.00 in) L/40 gun and four 53 cm torpedo tubes for ten type 95 Long Lance torpedoes.

Most of these submarines were destroyed in combat, suffering from Allied anti-submarine warfare measures, and only Ro-50 survived the war.

## Contents

* 1 Class variants
* 1.1 Kaichū I (Ro-11 class)
* 1.2 Kaichū II (Ro-13 class)
* 1.3 Kaichū III (Ro-16 class)
* 1.4 Kaichū IV (Ro-26 class)
* 1.5 Kaichū V (Toku-Chū, Ro-29 class)
* 1.6 Kaichū VI (Ro-33 class)
* 1.7 Kaichū VII (Sen-Chū, Ro-35 class)
* 2 Characteristics
* 3 Bibliography
* 4 References

## Class variants

The Kaichū type submarines were divided into seven classes:

* Kaichū I (海中1型（呂一一型）, Kaichū-ichi-gata, Ro-11-class)
* Kaichū II (海中2型（呂一三型）, Kaichū-ni-gata, Ro-13-class)
* Kaichū III (海中3型（呂一六型）, Kaichū-san-gata, Ro-16-class)
* Kaichū IV (海中4型（呂二六型）, Kaichū-yon-gata, Ro-26-class)
* Toku-Chū/Kaichū V (特中型/海中5型（呂二九型）, Toku-Chū-gata/Kaichū-go-gata, Ro-29-class)
* Kaichū VI (海中6型（呂三三型）, Kaichū-roku-gata, Ro-33-class)
* Sen-Chū/Kaichū VII (潜中型/海中7型（呂三五型）, Sen-Chū-gata/Kaichū-nana-gata, Ro-35-class)

### Kaichū I (Ro-11 class)

Ro-11 in 1919

Project number S7. In 1910s, the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) bought a license of Schneider-Laubeuf design submarine. The IJN used the design as model and built the S Type (Schneider Type) submarine, the Ha-9 and Ha-10. The Kaichū I is the submarine which jumboized the S Type submarines.

* Boats in class

Boat | Builder | Laid down | Launched | Completed | Fate

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Submarine No. 19
Ro-11[1] | Kure Naval Arsenal  | 25-04-1917  | 25-10-1917  | 31-07-1919 as Submarine No. 19 | Renamed Ro-11 01-11-1924. Decommissioned 01-04-1932.
Submarine No. 20
Ro-12 | Kure Naval Arsenal  | 25-04-1917  | 01-12-1917  | 18-09-1919 as Submarine No. 20 | Renamed Ro-12 01-11-1924. Decommissioned 01-04-1932.

### Kaichū II (Ro-13 class)

Ro-15 in 1920s

Project number S18. The Kaichū II had an increased range compared with the Kaichū I, and the turning torpedo tubes were removed.

* Boats in class

Boat | Builder | Laid down | Launched | Completed | Fate

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Submarine No. 23
Ro-13 | Kure Naval Arsenal  | 14-09-1918  | 26-08-1919  | 30-09-1920 as Submarine No. 23 | Renamed Ro-13 01-11-1924. Decommissioned 01-04-1932.
Submarine No. 22
Ro-14 | Kure Naval Arsenal  | 14-09-1918  | 31-03-1919  | 17-02-1921 as Submarine No. 22 | Renamed Ro-14 01-11-1924. Decommissioned 01-09-1933.
Submarine No. 24
Ro-15 | Kure Naval Arsenal  | 12-06-1920  | 14-10-1920  | 30-06-1921 as Submarine No. 24 | Renamed Ro-15 01-11-1924. Decommissioned 01-09-1933.

### Kaichū III (Ro-16 class)

Ro-16 in 1920s

Project number S18. Their project number was the same as in the Kaichū II type submarine, however their performance was improved.

* Boats in class

Boat | Builder | Laid down | Launched | Completed | Fate

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Submarine No. 37
Ro-16 | Kure Naval Arsenal  | 18-11-1920  | 22-04-1921  | 29-04-1922 as Submarine No. 37 | Renamed Ro-16 01-11-1924. Decommissioned 01-09-1933.
Submarine No. 34
Ro-17 | Kure Naval Arsenal  | 24-09-1920  | 24-02-1921  | 20-10-1921 as Submarine No. 34 | Renamed Ro-17 01-11-1924. Decommissioned 01-04-1936.
Submarine No. 35
Ro-18 | Kure Naval Arsenal  | 20-10-1920  | 25-03-1921  | 15-12-1921 as Submarine No. 35 | Renamed Ro-18 01-11-1924. Decommissioned 01-04-1936.
Submarine No. 36
Ro-19 | Kure Naval Arsenal  | 09-09-1920  | 28-12-1920  | 15-03-1922 as Submarine No. 36 | Renamed Ro-19 01-11-1924. Decommissioned 01-04-1936.
Submarine No. 38
Ro-20 | Yokosuka Naval Arsenal  | 28-07-1919  | 26-10-1920  | 01-02-1922 as Submarine No. 38 | Renamed Ro-20 01-11-1924. Decommissioned 01-04-1934.
Submarine No. 39
Ro-21 | Yokosuka Naval Arsenal  | 28-07-1919  | 26-10-1920  | 01-02-1922 as Submarine No. 39 | Renamed Ro-21 01-11-1924. Decommissioned 01-04-1934.
Submarine No. 40
Ro-22 | Yokosuka Naval Arsenal  | 22-01-1921  | 15-10-1921  | 10-10-1922 as Submarine No. 40 | Renamed Ro-22 01-11-1924. Decommissioned 01-04-1934.
Submarine No. 41
Ro-23 | Yokosuka Naval Arsenal  | 22-01-1921  | 15-10-1921  | 28-04-1923 as Submarine No. 41 | Renamed Ro-23 01-11-1924. Decommissioned 01-04-1935.
Submarine No. 42
Ro-24 | Sasebo Naval Arsenal  | 21-04-1919  | 08-12-1919  | 30-11-1920 as Submarine No. 42 | Renamed Ro-24 01-11-1924. Decommissioned 01-04-1935.
Submarine No. 43
Ro-25 | Sasebo Naval Arsenal  | 19-02-1920  | 17-07-1920  | 25-10-1921 as Submarine No. 43 | Renamed Ro-25 01-11-1924. Decommissioned 01-04-1936.

### Kaichū IV (Ro-26 class)

Ro-26 in 1923

Project number S18A. Improved model from the Kaichū III type.

* Boats in class

Boat | Builder | Laid down | Launched | Completed | Fate

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Submarine No. 45
Ro-26 | Sasebo Naval Arsenal  | 10-03-1921  | 18-10-1921  | 25-01-1923 as Submarine No. 45 | Renamed Ro-26 01-11-1924. Decommissioned 01-04-1940. Scrapped 1948. Her anchor is displaying at Yokosuka Naval Base.
Submarine No. 58
Ro-27 | Yokosuka Naval Arsenal  | 16-07-1921  | 22-07-1922  | 31-07-1924 as Submarine No. 58 | Renamed Ro-27 01-11-1924. Decommissioned 01-04-1936. Scrapped 1948.
Submarine No. 62
Ro-28 | Sasebo Naval Arsenal  | 10-11-1921  | 13-04-1922  | 30-11-1923 as Submarine No. 62 | Renamed Ro-28 01-11-1924. Decommissioned 01-04-1940. Scrapped 1948.

### Kaichū V (Toku-Chū, Ro-29 class)

Ro-31 in 1935

Project number S18B. They were built for the commerce raiding role. The IJN official designation of these boats was Special Purpose-Medium Type submarine (特中型潜水艦, Toku-Chū-gata sensuikan).

* Boats in class

Boat | Builder | Laid down | Launched | Completed | Fate

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Submarine No. 68
Ro-29 | Kawasaki-Kōbe Shipyard  | 02-06-1921  | 05-12-1922  | 15-09-1923 as Submarine No. 68 | Renamed Ro-29 01-11-1924. Decommissioned 01-04-1936.
Submarine No. 69
Ro-30 | Kawasaki-Kōbe Shipyard  | 27-06-1921  | 18-01-1923  | 29-04-1924 as Submarine No. 69 | Renamed Ro-30 01-11-1924. Decommissioned 01-04-1942. Scrapped 1945.
Submarine No. 70 | Kawasaki-Kōbe Shipyard  | 25-09-1921  | 15-02-1923 as Submarine No. 70 |  | Lost in an accident off Awaji Island 21-08-1923. Salvaged and scrapped October 1923. Her materials were used for Ro-31.
Ro-31 | Kawasaki-Kōbe Shipyard  | 20-12-1924  | 25-09-1926  | 10-05-1927  | Decommissioned 25-05-1945. Scuttled off Sasebo 05-04-1946.
Submarine No. 71
Ro-32 | Kawasaki-Kōbe Shipyard  | 24-10-1921  | 19-03-1923  | 21-05-1924 as Submarine No. 71 | Renamed Ro-32 01-11-1924. Decommissioned 01-04-1942. Scrapped 1945.

### Kaichū VI (Ro-33 class)

Ro-33 in 1939

Project number S30. They were planned as a prototype for a mass production submarines in the wartime under the Maru 1 Programme.

* Boats in class

Boat | Builder | Laid down | Launched | Completed | Results | Fate

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Ro-33 | Kure Naval Arsenal  | 08-08-1933  | 10-10-1934  | 07-10-1935  | Sank Australian merchant ship MV Mamutu 07-08-1942  | Sunk by HMAS Arunta and RAF patrol aircraft off Port Moresby 29-08-1942.
Ro-34 | Mitsubishi-Kōbe Shipyard  | 25-04-1934  | 12-12-1935  | 31-05-1937  |  | Sunk by USS O'Bannon and USS Strong near Russell Islands 06-04-1943.

### Kaichū VII (Sen-Chū, Ro-35 class)

Ro-50 in 1944

Project number S44. The final design in the Kaichū series. They were equipped with a Freon air-conditioner, because the IJN took into consideration that they were to be active on the equator area too. The official IJN designation of these boats was Medium Type submarine (中型潜水艦, Chū-gata sensuikan), also called for short, Medium Type (中型, Chū-gata) or Submarine-Medium Type (潜中型, Sen-Chū-gata).
The IJN planned to build these boats under the following Naval Armaments Supplement Programmes:

* 9 boats in the Maru Rin Programme (Boat # 201 - 209)
* 12 boats in the Maru Kyū Programme (Boat # 385 - 396)
* 15 boats in the Maru Tui Programme (Boat # 640 - 654)
* 43 boats in the Kai-Maru 5 Programme (Boat # 5181 - 5223)

However some of the boats were cancelled and their naval budgets, materials and staffs were transferred to the I-201 class submarines.

* Boats in class

Boat No. | Boat | Builder | Laid down | Launched | Completed | Results | Fate

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201  | Ro-35 | Mitsubishi-Kōbe Shipyard  | 09-10-1941  | 09-06-1942  | 25-03-1943  |  | Sunk by USS Patterson near of Espiritu Santo 25-08-1943.
202  | Ro-36 | Mitsubishi-Kōbe Shipyard  | 07-03-1942  | 14-10-1942  | 27-05-1943  |  | Sunk by USS Melvin north of Saipan 13-06-1944.
203  | Ro-37 | Sasebo Naval Arsenal  | 09-10-1941  | 30-06-1942  | 30-06-1943  | Damaged USS Cache 22-01-1944  | Sunk by USS Buchanan near of Santa Cruz Islands  [ ⚑ ] 11°47′S 164°17′E﻿ / ﻿11.783°S 164.283°E﻿ / -11.783; 164.283 22-01-1944.
204  | Ro-38 | Mitsubishi-Kōbe Shipyard  | 20-06-1942  | 24-12-1942  | 24-07-1943  |  | Disappeared after 19-11-1943.
205  | Ro-39 | Mitsubishi-Kōbe Shipyard  | 08-08-1942  | 06-03-1943  | 12-09-1943  |  | Sunk by USS Charrette and USS Fair east of Wotje Atoll  [ ⚑ ] 06°48′N 168°08′E﻿ / ﻿6.8°N 168.133°E﻿ / 6.8; 168.133 03-02-1944.
206  | Ro-40 | Mitsubishi-Kōbe Shipyard  | 08-08-1942  | 06-03-1943  | 28-09-1943  |  | Sunk by USS Phelps north of Marshall Islands  [ ⚑ ] 09°50′N 166°35′E﻿ / ﻿9.833°N 166.583°E﻿ / 9.833; 166.583 16-02-1944.
207  | Ro-41 | Mitsubishi-Kōbe Shipyard  | 06-10-1942  | 05-05-1943  | 26-11-1943  | Sank USS Shelton 03-10-1944  | Sunk by USS Haggard south of Okinawa  [ ⚑ ] 22°57′N 132°19′E﻿ / ﻿22.95°N 132.317°E﻿ / 22.95; 132.317 23-03-1945.
208  | Ro-42 | Sasebo Naval Arsenal  | 27-04-1942  | 25-10-1942  | 31-08-1943  |  | Sunk by USS Bangust northeast of Marshall Islands  [ ⚑ ] 10°05′N 168°22′E﻿ / ﻿10.083°N 168.367°E﻿ / 10.083; 168.367 10-06-1945.
209  | Ro-43 | Mitsubishi-Kōbe Shipyard  | 06-10-1942  | 05-06-1943  | 16-12-1943  | Damaged USS Renshaw 21-02-1945  | Sunk by aircraft from USS Anzio off Iwo Jima  [ ⚑ ] 25°07′N 140°19′E﻿ / ﻿25.117°N 140.317°E﻿ / 25.117; 140.317 27-02-1945.
385  | Ro-44 | Mitsui-Tamano Shipyard  | 14-02-1942  | 11-11-1942  | 13-09-1943  |  | Sunk by USS Burden R. Hastings near of Enewetak  [ ⚑ ] 11°13′N 164°15′E﻿ / ﻿11.217°N 164.25°E﻿ / 11.217; 164.25 16-06-1944.
386  | Ro-45 | Mitsubishi-Kōbe Shipyard  | 20-10-1942  | 21-07-1943  | 11-01-1944  |  | Sunk by USS Macdonough, USS Stephen Potter and aircraft from USS Monterey south of Truk  [ ⚑ ] 06°13′N 151°19′E﻿ / ﻿6.217°N 151.317°E﻿ / 6.217; 151.317 01-05-1944.
387  | Ro-46 | Mitsui-Tamano Shipyard  | 13-06-1942  | 23-04-1943  | 19-02-1944  | Damaged USS Cavalier 29-01-1945  | Sunk by aircraft from USS Tulagi near of Oki Daitō  [ ⚑ ] 24°15′N 131°16′E﻿ / ﻿24.25°N 131.267°E﻿ / 24.25; 131.267 29-04-1945.
388  | Ro-47 | Mitsubishi-Kōbe Shipyard  | 28-12-1942  | 20-08-1943  | 31-01-1944  |  | Sunk by USS McCoy Reynolds northeast of Palau  [ ⚑ ] 09°19′N 136°44′E﻿ / ﻿9.317°N 136.733°E﻿ / 9.317; 136.733 26-09-1944.
389  | Ro-48 | Mitsubishi-Kōbe Shipyard  | 17-03-1943  | 15-10-1943  | 31-03-1944  |  | (1) Sunk by USS William C. Miller northwest of Saipan 14-07-1944.
(2) Sunk by USS Wyman northwest of Saipan 18-07-1944.
390  | Ro-49 | Mitsui-Tamano Shipyard  | 16-11-1942  | 03-08-1943  | 19-05-1944  |  | Sunk by USS Hudson.
391  | Ro-50 | Mitsui-Tamano Shipyard  | 18-02-1943  | 27-11-1943  | 31-07-1944  | Sank USS LST-577 11-02-1945  | Decommissioned 30-11-1945. Sunk as target off Gotō Islands 01-04-1946.
392 - 395  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Cancelled in 1943.
396  | Ro-55 | Mitsui-Tamano Shipyard  | 05-08-1943  | 23-04-1944  | 30-09-1944  |  | Sunk by USS Thomason west of Luzon  [ ⚑ ] 15°27′N 119°25′E﻿ / ﻿15.45°N 119.417°E﻿ / 15.45; 119.417 07-02-1945.
640 - 644  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Cancelled in 1943.
645  | Ro-56
(ex-Ro-75)  | Mitsui-Tamano Shipyard  | 02-12-1943 as Ro-75 | 05-07-1944  | 15-11-1944  |  | Sunk by USS Mertz and USS Monssen near of Oki Daitō  [ ⚑ ] 26°09′N 130°21′E﻿ / ﻿26.15°N 130.35°E﻿ / 26.15; 130.35 09-04-1945.
646 - 654  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Cancelled in 1943.
5181 - 5223  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Cancelled in 1943.

## Characteristics

Type | Kaichū I (Ro-11)  | Kaichū II (Ro-13)  | Kaichū III (Ro-16)  | Kaichū IV (Ro-26)

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Displacement | Surfaced  | 720 long tons (732 t)  | 740 long tons (752 t)  | 740 long tons (752 t)  | 750 long tons (762 t)
Submerged  | 1,000 long tons (1,016 t)  | 1,003.1 long tons (1,019 t)  | 997 long tons (1,013 t)  | 1,080 long tons (1,097 t)
Length (overall)  | 69.19 m (227 ft 0 in)  | 70.10 m (230 ft 0 in)  | 70.10 m (230 ft 0 in)  | 74.22 m (243 ft 6 in)
Beam | 6.35 m (20 ft 10 in)  | 6.10 m (20 ft 0 in)  | 6.12 m (20 ft 1 in)  | 6.12 m (20 ft 1 in)
Draft | 3.43 m (11 ft 3 in)  | 3.68 m (12 ft 1 in)  | 3.70 m (12 ft 2 in)  | 3.73 m (12 ft 3 in)
Power plant and shaft | 2 × Sulzer Mk.2 diesels
2 shafts  | 2 × Sulzer Mk.2 diesels
2 shafts  | 2 × Sulzer Mk.2 diesels
2 shafts  | 2 × Sulzer Mk.2 diesels
2 shafts
Power | Surfaced  | 2,900 bhp  | 2,900 bhp  | 2,900 bhp  | 2,900 bhp
Submerged  | 1,200 shp  | 1,200 shp  | 1,200 shp  | 1,200 shp
Speed | Surfaced  | 18.2 knots (33.7 km/h)  | 16.5 knots (30.6 km/h)  | 16.5 knots (30.6 km/h)  | 16.0 knots (29.6 km/h)
Submerged  | 9.1 knots (16.9 km/h)  | 8.5 knots (15.7 km/h)  | 8.5 knots (15.7 km/h)  | 8.5 knots (15.7 km/h)
Range | Surfaced  | 4,000 nmi (7,400 km) at 10 knots (19 km/h)  | 6,000 nmi (11,000 km) at 10 knots (19 km/h)  | 6,000 nmi (11,000 km) at 10 knots (19 km/h)  | 6,000 nmi (11,000 km) at 10 knots (19 km/h)
Submerged  | 85 nmi (157 km) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h)  | 85 nmi (157 km) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h)  | 85 nmi (157 km) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h)  | 85 nmi (157 km) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h)
Test depth | 30 m (98 ft)  | 30 m (98 ft)  | 45.7 m (150 ft)  | 45.7 m (150 ft)
Fuel | 58.4 tons  | 75 tons  | 75 tons  | 75 tons
Complement | 43  | 43  | 46  | 46
Armament (initial)  | • 6 × 450 mm (18 in) TTs
(4 × front, 2 × turret)
• 10 × Type 44 torpedoes
• 1 × 76.2 mm (3.00 in) L/23.5 5th Year Type AA gun  | • 6 × 450 mm (18 in) TTs
(4 × front, 2 × upper deck)
• 10 × Type 44 torpedoes
• 1 × 76.2 mm (3.00 in) L/23.5 5th Year Type AA gun  | • 6 × 450 mm (18 in) TTs
(4 × front, 2 × upper deck)
• 10 × Type 44 torpedoes
• 1 × 76.2 mm (3.00 in) L/23.5 5th Year Type AA gun  | • 4 × 533 mm (21 in) TTs
(4 × front)
• 8 × 6th Year Type torpedoes
• 1 × 76.2 mm (3.00 in) L/23.5 5th Year Type AA gun
Type | Kaichū V (Ro-29)  | Kaichū VI (Ro-33)  | Kaichū VII (Ro-35)

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Displacement | Surfaced  | 852 long tons (866 t)  | 700 long tons (711 t)  | 960 long tons (975 t)
Submerged  | 1,030 long tons (1,047 t)  | 1,200 long tons (1,219 t)  | 1,447 long tons (1,470 t)
Length (overall)  | 74.22 m (243 ft 6 in)  | 73.00 m (239 ft 6 in)  | 80.50 m (264 ft 1 in)
Beam | 6.12 m (20 ft 1 in)  | 6.70 m (22 ft 0 in)  | 7.05 m (23 ft 2 in)
Draft | 3.73 m (12 ft 3 in)  | 3.25 m (10 ft 8 in)  | 4.07 m (13 ft 4 in)
Power plant and shaft | 2 × Sulzer Mk.1 diesels
2 shafts  | 2 × Kampon Mk.21 Model 8 diesels
2 shafts  | 2 × Kampon Mk.22 Model 10 diesels
2 shafts
Power | Surfaced  | 1,200 bhp  | 3,000 bhp  | 4,200 bhp
Submerged  | 1,200 shp  | 1,200 shp  | 1,200 shp
Speed | Surfaced  | 13.0 knots (24.1 km/h)  | 19.0 knots (35.2 km/h)  | 19.8 knots (36.7 km/h)
Submerged  | 8.5 knots (15.7 km/h)  | 8.2 knots (15.2 km/h)  | 8.0 knots (14.8 km/h)
Range | Surfaced  | 6,000 nmi (11,000 km) at 10 knots (19 km/h)  | 8,000 nmi (15,000 km) at 12 knots (22 km/h)  | 5,000 nmi (9,300 km) at 16 knots (30 km/h)
Submerged  | 85 nmi (157 km) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h)  | 90 nmi (170 km) at 3.5 knots (6.5 km/h)  | 45 nmi (83 km) at 5 knots (9.3 km/h)
Test depth | 45.7 m (150 ft)  | 75 m (246 ft)  | 80 m (260 ft)
Fuel | 143 tons  | 109 tons  | 218 tons
Complement | 44  | 61  | 61
Armament (initial)  | • 4 × 533 mm (21 in) TTs
(4 × front)
• 8 × 6th Year Type torpedoes
• 1 × 120 mm (4.7 in) L/45 11th Year Type Naval gun
• 1 × 6.5 mm machine gun  | • 4 × 533 mm (21 in) TTs
(4 × front)
• 8 × Type 89 torpedoes
• 1 × 76.2 mm (3.00 in) L/40 11th Year Type AA gun
• 1 × 13.2 mm (0.52 in) Type 93 AA gun  | • 4 × 533 mm (21 in) TTs
(4 × front)
• 10 × Type 95 torpedoes
• 1 × 76.2 mm (3.00 in) L/40 11th Year Type AA gun
• 2 × Type 96 25mm AA guns

## Bibliography

* "Rekishi Gunzō". http://rekigun.net/. , History of Pacific War Vol.17 I-Gō Submarines, Gakken (Japan), January 1998, ISBN:4-05-601767-0
* Rekishi Gunzō, History of Pacific War Extra, "Perfect guide, The submarines of the Imperial Japanese Forces", Gakken (Japan), March 2005, ISBN:4-05-603890-2
* The Maru Special, Japanese Naval Vessels No.43 Japanese Submarines III, Ushio Shobō (Japan), September 1980, Book code 68343-44
* The Maru Special, Japanese Naval Vessels No.132 Japanese Submarines I "Revised edition", Ushio Shobō (Japan), February 1988, Book code 68344-36
* The Maru Special, Japanese Naval Vessels No.133 Japanese Submarines II "Revised edition", Ushio Shobō (Japan), March 1988, Book code 68344-37
* The Maru Special, Japanese Naval Vessels No.135 Japanese Submarines IV, Ushio Shobō (Japan), May 1988, Book code 68344-39

## References

1. ↑ 呂号第11潜水艦 (Ro-Gō Dai-11 Sensuikan). The same shall apply hereinafter.

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