Names of God in Islam

Short description: none

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Template:Allah Names of God in Islam (Arabic: أَسْمَاءُ ٱللَّٰهِ ٱلْحُسْنَىٰ, romanized: ʾasmāʾu llāhi l-ḥusnā, lit. 'God's Beautiful Names') are names that each contain attributes of God in Islam,[1][2][3][4][5][6] which are implied by the respective names.[7] Some names are known from either the Quran or the hadith, while others can be found in both sources, although most are found in the Quran.[8]

Allāh is the Arabic word referring to God in Abrahamic religions,[9][10][11] thought to be derived by contraction from al-ʾilāh, which means "the god",[12] (i.e., the only god) and is related to El and Elah, the Hebrew and Aramaic words for God.[13][14] Whether or not Allah can be considered as the personal name of God became disputed in contemporary scholarship.[15] In Islamic usage and indoctrination, Allah was the God's most unique, proper name,[16] and referred to as Lafẓ al-Jalālah (The Word of Majesty). Those who claimed that Allah was the personal name of God also denied that this name was a derivative name. Some Muslims may use different names as much as Allah, for instance Rabb, Rahman or "God" in English. The Quran refers to the attributes of God as "most beautiful names".[17][18]

> They are traditionally enumerated as 99 in number to which is added as the highest Name (al-ism al-ʾaʿẓam), the Supreme Name of God. The locus classicus for listing the Divine Names in the literature of Qurʾānic commentary is 17:110 "Call upon Allah, or call upon The Merciful; whichsoever you call upon, to Allah belong the most beautiful Names," and also 59:22-24, which includes a cluster of more than a dozen Divine epithets."

— Gerhard Böwering, God and God's Attributes[19]

These names usually denote his praise, gratitude, commendation, glorification, magnification, perfect attributes, majestic qualities, and acts of wisdom, mercy, benefit, and justice from Allah, as believed by Muslims. These names are commonly called upon by Muslims during prayers, supplications, and remembrance, as they hold significant spiritual and theological importance, serving as a means for Muslims to connect with God. Beside these Arabic names, Muslims of non-Arab origins may also sometimes use other names in their own languages to refer to God, such as Khuda in Persian, Bengali and Urdu. Tangri or Tengri was used in the Ottoman Turkish language as the equivalent of Allah.Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; refs with no name must have content

In Sufis, often characterised as the inner, mystical dimension of Islam, Hu / Huwa means just 'He', or Parvardigar in Persian are used as names of God. Hu derives from the last letter of the word Allah, which is read as Allahu when in the middle of a sentence and appears in many verses as in; "La ilaha illa Hu" Al Imran:18. According to the Wahdat al-wujūd interpretetion, the universe was a manifestation of God's -the absolute being- names, and was manifestations or notions with no real existence. Haydar Amuli refused to make any distinction on this matter, arguing that evil beings like Satan were also manifestations of God's imperial names.[20]

## Contents

* 1 Interactions and translation
* 2 List of names
* 2.1 al-Tirmidhi's list
* 2.2 Comparisons of other lists
* 2.3 Hidden names
* 3 In textual sources
* 3.1 The Quran
* 3.2 Hadith
* 4 Sufi mysticism
* 5 Theophoric given names
* 6 Use in Baháʼí sources
* 7 See also
* 8 Appendix
* 8.1 Footnotes
* 8.2 References
* 8.3 Bibliography
* 9 External links

## Interactions and translation

Some of the names attributed to God in Islamic culture are names that create problems in transition from a personal god[21] to a universal and transcendent god in understanding;[22] ٱلْعَظِيمُ (al-ʿAẓīm) lit means "He was, or became, great in his bone, then metaphorically said of anything كَبِير [or great]".[23] The reflections of the efforts to give a transcendent understanding when translating these names into other languages can also be seen in examples such as al-Mutakabbir (The Proud Oneself)[24], al-Jalīl (The Angry), al-Muntaqim (The Avenger) and at-Tawwāb (The Returner) (see also: Eisegesis).

Islamic theology rejects definitions and expressions that imply a comparison between God and His creations, because He cannot be likened to His creations in any of His attributes. However, it is observed that many of these names are translated as "the most..." in a comparative mode, as in the expression Allāhu ʾAkbar (Arabic: اللّٰهُ أَكْبَر ar, lit. God is the greatest), which is also used as an Islamic slogan. In Islamic theology the concept of shirk refers to the rejection of any partnership in God's will and actions, and encompasses understandings that liken His attributes to those of created beings, and view them as limited.

In the Quran, names of angels like Gabriel and Michael etc. are linked to El (or Il), as in other Abrahamic religions. The phrase "Allāhumma," used at the beginning of prayers in Islam, should be the Arabic pronunciation of the Hebrew word "Elohim."[25] Elohim is a plural word (singular El) used for exaltation, like the Hebrew expression "Your Majesty!"

Although the holy book and prophets in the Quran frequently connect themselves to Jehovah, the name Yahweh/Jehovah is unknown in Islam. The word "Rabb" (Lord, Master), which is used in place of Yahweh in Judaism, is also frequently used for Allah in the Quran.

The silence surrounding the name Yahweh in Judaism for several thousand years is thought to be connected to the Ten Commandments, "You shall not take the name of your God Yahweh in vain, for Yahweh will not leave it without punishment."[26]

## List of names

Different sources give different lists of the 99 names. The most commonly known list is based on the one found in the Jamiʿ at-Tirmidhi (9th century) that was narrated by al-Walid ibn Muslim, which is the most commonly known.[27] However, al-Tirmidhi comments on his list: "This (version of the) hadith is gharib [unusual]; it has been narrated from various routes on the authority of Abu Hurayrah, but we do not know of the mention of the Names in the numerous narrations, except this one." Other hadiths, such as those of al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Ibn Majah, al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi or Ibn ʿAsākir, have variant lists. Various early Muslim exegetes, including Jaʿfar al-Sadiq, Sufyan ibn `Uyaynah, Ibn Hazm, al-Qurtubi, and Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, have given their own versions of lists of 99 names.

### al-Tirmidhi's list

Pronunciation | Classical Arabic

(Quranic/ classical written forms)[28]

| Romanization  | Translation | Quranic Reference

|
|
|
|

1 |  اَلرَّحْمَـٰنِ | ar-Raḥmān  | Merciful/[29] The Beneficent/ All-Compassionate/ Gracious/ | Quran: 113 times paired with ar-Rahīm at beginning of Surahs (chapters), and 55 additional places mostly by itself/ unpaired.
2 | اَلرَّحِيْمُ | ar-Raḥīm  | The Merciful / Merciful / Clement.[29] | Quran: 113 times paired with ar-Rahmān at beginning of Surahs (chapters), and 115 additional places often paired with al-Ghafūr, at-Tawwāb, ar-Raʾūf
3 | اَلْمَلِكُ | al-Malik  | The King/ Sovereign/ Dominion/ Possessor (of the Throne of God).[30] | [Quran 59:23], 59:23, 20:114, 23:116
4 | اَلْقُدُّوسُ | al-Quddūs  | The Holy/ All-Holy/ All-Pure/ Sacred/ All-Sacred | [Quran 62:1]
5 | ٱلسَّلَامُ | as-Salām  | Peace/ Calm/ Ever-Tranquil | [Quran 59:23]
6 | ٱلْمُؤْمِنُ | al-Muʾmin  | The Granter of Security/ the Giver / Believer / All-Assurer | [Quran 59:23]
7 | ٱلْمُهَيْمِنُ | al-Muhaymin | The Controller/ Absolute Authority Over All/ Guardian Over All/ Absolute Master/ Eternal Dominating | [Quran 59:23]
8 | ٱلْعَزِيزُ | al-ʿAzīz  | The Exalted in Might and Power/ Exalted/ Powerful/ Almighty/ Mighty | [Quran 4:158],[Quran 9:40], [Quran 48:7], [Quran 59:23]... often paired as al-Aziz al-Hakim, 2:1293:6,3:18,3:62, 5:11814:4

57:1,59:160:5,61:1, 62:3, and al-Aziz al-Rahim,26:9,30:5,32:6,44:42

9 | ٱلْجَبَّارُ | al-Jabbār  | The Omnipotent/ Supreme Power/ Possessor of Having All Power/ Strong | [Quran 59:23]
10 | ٱلْمُتَكَبِّرُ | al-Mutakabbir | Supreme / Justly Proud by himself[31] | [Quran 59:23]
11 | ٱلْخَالِقُ | al-Khāliq  | The Creator/ Creator of the Universe/ Maker/ True Originator/ Absolute Author | [Quran 6:102], [Quran 13:16], [Quran 36:81], [Quran 40:62], [Quran 59:24]
12 | ٱلْبَارِئُ | al-Bāriʾ  | The Initiator/ Evolver/ Eternal Spirit Worshipped By All, Have Absolute Power Over All Matters, Nature and Events | [Quran 59:24]
13 | ٱلْمُصَوِّرُ | al-Muṣawwir  | The Fashioner/ Shaper/ Designer/ Artist | [Quran 59:24]
14 | ٱلْغَفَّارُ | al-Ghaffār  | The Repeatedly Forgiving/ Absolute Forgiver/ Pardoner/ Condoner

[He Who is Ready to Pardon and Forgive]

| [Quran 38:66], [Quran 39:5], [Quran 40:42], [Quran 71:10]
15 | ٱلْقَهَّارُ | al-Qahhār  | The Subduer/ Overcomer/ Conqueror/ Absolute Vanquisher

[Possessor of Who Subdues Evil and Oppression]

| 12:39, 13:16, 14:48, 38:65, 39:4, 40:16
16 | ٱلْوَهَّابُ | al-Wahhāb  | The Absolute Bestower/ Giver/ Grantor/ Great Donor | 38:9, 38:35
17 | ٱلرَّزَّاقُ | ar-Razzāq  | The Provider/ Sustainer/ Bestower of Sustenance/ All-Provider | 51:58
18 | ٱلْفَتَّاحُ | al-Fattāḥ  | The Opener/ Opener of the Gates of Profits/ Reliever/ The Victory Giver | 34:26
19 | ٱلْعَلِيمُ | al-ʿAlīm  | The Knowing/ All-Knower/ Omniscient/ All-Knowledgeable/ Possessor of Knowing Much of Ever Thing/ All-Knowing | 2:158, 3:92, 4:35, 24:41, 33:40
20 | ٱلْقَابِضُ | al-Qābiḍ  | The Restrainer/ Withholder/ Straightener/ Absolute Seizer | 2:245
21 | ٱلْبَاسِطُ | al-Bāsiṭ  | The Extender/ Expander/ Generous Provider | 2:245
22 | ٱلْخَافِضُ | al-Khāfiḍ  | The Abaser/ Humiliator/ Downgrader [Possessor of Giving Comfort, Free from Pain Anxiety or Troubles] | 56:3; al-Kafʿamī (1992:38)
23 | ٱلرَّافِعُ | ar-Rāfiʿ  | The Exalter/ Upgrader [of Ranks] | 58:11, 6:83
24 | ٱلْمُعِزُّ | al-Muʿizz  | The Giver of Honor/ Bestower of Honor/ Empowerer | 3:26
25 | ٱلْمُذِلُّ | al-Muḏill  | The Giver of Dishonor/ the Giver of Disgrace | 3:26
26 | ٱلسَّمِيعُ | as-Samīʿ  | The Hearing/ All-Hearing/ Hearer of Invocation | 2:127, 2:256, 8:17, 49:1
27 | ٱلْبَصِيرُ | al-Baṣīr  | The All-Seeing/ All-Seer/ Ever-Clairvoyant/ Clear-Sighted/ Clear-Seeing | 4:58, 17:1, 42:11, 42:27
28 | ٱلْحَكَمُ | al-Ḥakam | The Judge/ Arbitrator/ Arbiter/ All-Decree/ Possessor of Authority of Decisions and Judgment | 22:69
29 | ٱلْعَدْلُ | al-ʿAdl | The Just/ Authorized and Straightforward Judge of Dealing Justly | 6:115
30 | ٱللَّطِيفُ | al-Laṭīf  | The Gentle/ Benignant/ Subtly Kind/ All-Subtle | 22:63, 31:16, 33:34
31 | ٱلْخَبِيرُ | al-Khabīr  | The All-Aware/ Well-Acquainted/ Ever-Adept | 6:18, 17:30, 49:13, 59:18
32 | ٱلْحَلِيمُ | al-Ḥalīm  | The Forbearing/ Indulgent/ Oft Forbearing/ All-Enduring | 2:235, 17:44, 22:59, 35:41
33 | ٱلْعَظِيمُ | al-ʿAẓīm  | The Most Great/ Ever-Magnificent/ Most Supreme/ Exalted/ Absolute Dignified | 2:255, 42:4, 56:96
34 | ٱلْغَفُورُ | al-Ghafūr  | The Ever-Forgiving/ Oft-Forgiving | 2:173, 8:69, 16:110, 41:32
35 | ٱلشَّكُورُ | ash-Shakūr  | The Grateful/ Appreciative/ Multiplier of Rewards | 35:30, 35:34, 42:23, 64:17
36 | ٱلْعَلِيُّ | al-ʿAliyy  | The Sublime/ Ever-Exalted/ Supreme/ Most High/ Most Lofty | 4:34, 31:30, 42:4, 42:51 34:23
37 | ٱلْكَبِيرُ | al-Kabīr  | The Great/ Ever-Great/ Grand/ Most Great/ Greatly Abundant of Extent, Capacity and Importance | 13:9, 22:62, 31:30, 34:23
38 | ٱلْحَفِيظُ | al-Ḥafīz  | The Preserver/ Ever-Preserving/ All-Watching/ Protector/ Guardian/ Oft-Conservator | 11:57, 34:21, 42:6
39 | ٱلْمُقِيتُ | al-Muqīt  | The Nourisher/ Feeder | 4:85
40 | ٱلْحَسِيبُ | al-Ḥasīb  | The Bringer of Judgment/ Ever-Reckoner [the One Who Takes Account of All Matters] | 4:6, 4:86, 33:39
41 | ٱلْجَلِيلُ | al-Jalīl  | The Majestic/ Exalted/ Oft-Important/ Splendid | 55:27, 7:143
42 | ٱلْكَرِيمُ | al-Karīm  | The Noble/ Bountiful/ Generous/ Precious/ Honored/ Benefactor | 27:40, 82:6
43 | ٱلرَّقِيبُ | ar-Raqīb  | The Watchful/ Observer/ Ever-Watchful/ Watcher | 4:1, 5:117
44 | ٱلْمُجِيبُ | al-Mujīb  | The Responsive/ Answerer/ Supreme Answerer/ Accepter of Invocation | 11:61
45 | ٱلْوَاسِعُ | al-Wāsiʿ  | The Vast/ All-Embracing/ Omnipresent/ Boundless/ All-Encompassing | 2:268, 3:73, 5:54
46 | ٱلْحَكِيمُ | al-Ḥakīm  | The Wise/ Ever-Wise/ Endowed with Sound Judgment | 97 times, often paired, mostly al-Aziz al-Hakim, 2:129,3:6,3:18,3:625:11814:431:27,46:2, 57:1,59:1, 60:5, 61:1, 62:3, and al-Aleem al-Hakim,12:6, 22:52, 48:4, 49:8, 60:10, 66:2
47 | ٱلْوَدُودُ | al-Wadūd  | The Affectionate/ Ever-Affectionate/ Loving One/ Loving/ the Lover/ the One Who Tenders and Warm Hearts | 11:90, 85:14
48 | ٱلْمَجِيدُ | al-Majīd  | The All-Glorious/ Majestic/ Ever-Illustrious

[Oft-Brilliant in Dignity, Achievements or Actions]

| 11:73
49 | ٱلْبَاعِثُ | al-Bāʿiṯ  | The Resurrector/ Awakener/ Arouser/ Dispatcher | 22:7
50 | ٱلشَّهِيدُ | ash-Shahīd  | The Witness/ Testifier/ Ever-Witnessing | 4:166, 22:17, 41:53, 48:28
51 | ٱلْحَقُّ | al-Ḥaqq | The Truth/ Reality/ the Only One Certainly Sound and Genuine in Truth | 6:62, 22:6, 23:116, 24:25
52 | ٱلْوَكِيلُ | al-Wakīl  | The Trustee, The Dependable, The Advocate | 3:173, 4:171, 28:28, 73:9
53 | ٱلْقَوِيُّ | al-Qawiyy  | The Strong | 22:40, 22:74, 42:19, 57:25
54 | ٱلْمَتِينُ | al-Matīn  | The Firm, The Steadfast | 51:58
55 | ٱلْوَلِيُّ | al-Waliyy  | The Friend, Helper | 4:45, 7:196, 42:28, 45:19
56 | ٱلْحَمِيدُ | al-Ḥamīd  | The All Praiseworthy | 14:8, 31:12, 31:26, 41:42
57 | ٱلْمُحْصِىُ | al-Muḥsīy  | The Accounter, The Numberer of All | 72:28, 78:29
58 | ٱلْمُبْدِئُ | al-Mubdiʾ  | The Originator, The Producer, The Initiator | 10:34, 27:64, 29:19, 85:13
59 | ٱلْمُعِيدُ | al-Muʿīd  | The Restorer, The Reinstater Who Brings Back All | 10:34, 27:64, 29:19, 85:13
60 | ٱلْمُحْيِي | al-Muḥyē  | The Giver of Life | 7:158, 15:23, 30:50, 57:2
61 | ٱلْمُمِيتُ | al-Mumīt  | The Bringer of Death | 3:156, 7:158, 15:23, 57:2
62 | ٱلْحَىُّ | al-Ḥayy | The Living | 2:255, 3:2, 20:111, 25:58, 40:65
63 | ٱلْقَيُّومُ | al-Qayyūm  | The Subsisting, The Independent | 2:255, 3:2, 20:111
64 | ٱلْوَاجِدُ | al-Wājid  | The Perceiver, The Finder, The Unfailing | 38:44
65 | ٱلْمَاجِدُ | al-Mājid  | The Illustrious, The Magnificent, The Glorious | 85:15, 11:73; al-Kafʿamī (1992:48)
66 | ٱلْوَاحِدُ | al-Wāḥid  | The Unique, The Single | 13:16, 14:48, 38:65, 39:4
67 | ٱلْأَحَدُ | al-ʾAḥad | The One, The Indivisible | 112:1
68 | ٱلصَّمَدُ | aṣ-Ṣamad  | The Eternal, The Absolute, The Self-Sufficient | 112:2
69 | ٱلْقَادِرُ | al-Qādir  | The All-Powerful, He Who is able to do Everything | 6:65, 46:33, 75:40
70 | ٱلْمُقْتَدِرُ | al-Muqtadir | The Determiner, The Dominant | 18:45, 54:42, 6:65
71 | ٱلْمُقَدِّمُ | al-Muqaddim | The Expediter, He Who Brings Forward | 16:61
72 | ٱلْمُؤَخِّرُ | al-Muʾakhkhir  | The Delayer, He Who Puts Far Away | 71:4
73 | ٱلْأَوَّلُ | al-ʾAwwal | The First, The Beginning-less | 57:3
74 | اَلْآخِرُ | al-ʾÃkhir  | The Last, The Endless | 57:3
75 | ٱلظَّاهِرُ | aẓ-Ẓāhir  | The Manifest, The Evident, The Outer | 57:3
76 | ٱلْبَاطِنُ | al-Bāṭin  | The Hidden, The Unmanifest, The Inner | 57:3
77 | ٱلْوَالِي | al-Wāliy  | The Patron, The Protecting Friend, The Friendly Lord | 13:11
78 | ٱلْمُتَعَالِي | al-Mutʿāliy  | The Supremely Exalted, The Most High | 13:9
79 | ٱلْبَرُّ | al-Barr | The Good, The Beneficent | 52:28
80 | ٱلتَّوَّابُ | at-Tawwāb  | The Ever-Returning, Ever-Relenting | 2:128, 4:64, 49:12, 110:3
81 | ٱلْمُنْتَقِمُ | al-Muntaqim | The Avenger | 32:22, 43:41, 44:16
82 | اَلْعَفُوُّ | al-ʿAfuww  | The Pardoner, The Effacer, The Forgiver | 4:43, 4:99, 4:149, 22:60, 58:2
83 | اَلرَّؤُوفُ | ar-Raʾūf  | The Kind, The Pitying | 9:117, 57:9, 59:10
84 | مَـٰلِكُ ٱلْمُلْكِ | Mālik-ul-mulk  | The Owner of all Sovereignty | 3:26
85 | ذُو ٱلْجَلَالِ وَٱلْإِكْرَامُ | Ḏū l-Jalāli wa l-ʾIkrām  | The Owner, Lord of Majesty and Honour | 55:27, 55:78
86 | اَلْمُقْسِطُ | al-Muqsiṭ  | The Equitable, The Requiter | 3:18,5:42,57:25,5:42
87 | اَلْجَامِعُ | al-Jāmiʿ  | The Gatherer, The Unifier | 3:9
88 | ٱلْغَنيُّ | al-Ghāniyy  | The Rich, The Independent | 39:7, 47:38, 57:24
89 | اَلْمُغْنِيُّ | al-Mughniyy  | The Enricher, The Emancipator | 9:28
90 | اَلْمَانِعُ | al-Māniʿ  | The Preventer, The Withholder, The Shielder, The Defender | See al-Kafʿamī (1992:61)
91 | اَلضَّارُ | aḍ-Ḍār  | The Distressor, The Harmer, The Afflictor | 6:1758:10; al-Kafʿamī (1992:58)
92 | اَلنَّافِعُ | an-Nāfiʿ  | The Propitious, The Benefactor, The Source of Good | 30:37
93 | اَلنُّورُ | an-Nūr  | The Light | 24:35
94 | اَلْهَادِي | al-Hādī  | The Guide, The Way | 22:54
95 | اَلْبَدِيعُ | al-Badīʿ  | The Originator, The Incomparable, The Unattainable, The Beautiful | 2:117, 6:101
96 | اَلْبَاقِي | al-Bāqī  | The Immutable, The Infinite, The Everlasting | 55:27; al-Kafʿamī (1992:64)
97 | اَلْوَارِثُ | al-Wāriṯ  | The Heir, The Inheritor of All | 15:23, 57:10
98 | اَلرَّشِيدُ | ar-Rashīd  | The Guide to the Right Path | 11:87 (Used Not referring to Allah)
99 | اَلصَّبُورُ | aṣ-Ṣabūr  | The Timeless, The Patient | 2:153, 3:200, 103:3

Based on al-Tirmidhi's list above, the names for which there is no evidence, as specified by Sheikh Abd al-Muhsin al-Abbad, Sheikh Ibn Uthaymeen, and others, are as follows:

> الخافضُ، المعزُّ، المذِل، العَدْلُ، الجَلِيلُ، البَاعِثُ، المُحْصِي، المُبْدِئُ، المُعِيدُ، المُمِيتُ، الوَاجِدُ، المَاجِدُ، الوَالِي، المُقْسِط، المُغْنِي، المَانِعُ، الضَّارُّ، النَّافِعُ، البَاقِي، الرَّشِيدُ، الصَّبُور.

### Comparisons of other lists

99 Names of Allah  No.  | Arabic  | Reference  | Romanization  | Translation  | Narrators

|
|
|
|
|

WM | AS | AH | MD | HZ | AB | IW | IH | BH | IU | AR | AG | IN | SW | AM
1  | الله  | Q1:1 | Allāh  | Allah  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 1  | 1
2  | ٱلرَّحْمَٰنُ  | Q1:1 | al-Raḥmān  | The Most Gracious  | 2  | 2  | 2  | 2  | 2  | 2  | 2  | 2  | 2  | 2  | 2  | 2  | 2  | 2  | 2
3  | ٱلرَّحِيمُ  | Q1:1 | al-Raḥīm  | The Most Merciful  | 3  | 3  | 3  | 3  | 3  | 3  | 3  | 3  | 3  | 3  | 3  | 3  | 3  | 3  | 3
4  | ٱلْمَلِكُ  | Q23:116 | al-Malik  | The King  | 4  | 4  | 4  | 4  | 4  | 4  | 4  | 4  | 4  | 4  | 4  | 4  | 4  | 4  | 4
5  | ٱلْقُدُّوسُ  | Q59:23 | al-Quddūs  | The Most Holy  | 5  | —  | 5  | 5  | 5  | 5  | 5  | 5  | 5  | 5  | 5  | 5  | 5  | 5  | 5
6  | ٱلسَّلَامُ  | Q59:23 | as-Salām  | The Peace  | 6  | 5  | 6  | 6  | 6  | 6  | 6  | 6  | 6  | 6  | 6  | 6  | 6  | 6  | 6
7  | ٱلْمُؤْمِنُ  | Q59:23 | al-Muʾmin  | The Giver of Security  | 7  | 6  | 7  | 7  | 7  | 7  | 7  | 7  | 7  | 7  | 7  | 7  | 7  | 7  | 7
8  | ٱلْمُهَيْمِنُ  | Q59:23 | al-Muhaymin  | The Controller  | 8  | 7  | 8  | 8  | 8  | 8  | 8  | 8  | 8  | 8  | 8  | 8  | 8  | 8  | 8
9  | ٱلْعَزِيزُ  | Q2:129 | al-ʿAzīz  | The Exalted in Might  | 9  | 8  | 9  | 9  | 9  | 9  | 9  | 9  | 9  | 9  | 9  | 9  | 9  | 9  | 9
10  | ٱلْجَبَّارُ  | Q59:23 | al-Jabbār  | The Omnipotent  | 10  | 9  | 10  | 10  | 10  | 10  | 10  | 10  | 10  | 10  | 10  | 10  | 10  | 10  | 10
11  | ٱلْمُتَكَبِّرُ  | Q59:23 | al-Mutakabbir  | The Superior  | 11  | 10  | 11  | 11  | 11  | 11  | 11  | 11  | 11  | 11  | 11  | 11  | 11  | 11  | 11
12  | ٱلْخَالِقُ  | Q6:102 | al-Khāliq  | The Creator  | 12  | 11  | 12  | 12  | 12  | 12  | 12  | 12  | 12  | 12  | 12  | 12  | 12  | 12  | 12
13  | ٱلْبَارِئُ  | Q59:23 | al-Bāriʾ  | The Inventor  | 13  | 12  | 13  | 13  | 13  | 13  | 13  | 13  | 13  | 13  | 13  | 13  | 13  | 13  | 13
14  | ٱلْمُصَوِّرُ  | Q59:23 | al-Muṣawwir  | The Designer  | 14  | 13  | 14  | 14  | 14  | 14  | 14  | 14  | 14  | 14  | 14  | 14  | 14  | 14  | 14
15  | ٱلْغَفَّارُ  | Q38:66 | al-Ghaffār  | The Absolute Forgiver  | 15  | —  | 15  | 15  | 15  | —  | 15  | 15  | 15  | 15  | 15  | 15  | 15  | 15  | 15
16  | ٱلْقَهَّارُ  | Q12:39 | al-Qahhār  | The Subduer  | 16  | —  | —  | 16  | 16  | 15  | 16  | 16  | 16  | 16  | 16  | 16  | 16  | 16  | 16
17  | ٱلْوَهَّابُ  | Q3:8 | al-Wahhāb  | The Bestower  | 17  | 14  | 16  | 17  | 17  | 16  | 17  | 17  | 17  | 17  | 17  | 17  | 17  | 17  | 17
18  | ٱلرَّزَّاقُ  | Q51:58 | ar-Razzāq  | The Provider  | 18  | 15  | 17  | 18  | 18  | 17  | 18  | 18  | 18  | 18  | 18  | 18  | 18  | 18  | 18
19  | ٱلْفَتَّاحُ  | Q34:26 | al-Fattāḥ  | The Opener  | 19  | —  | 18  | 19  | 19  | 18  | 19  | 19  | 19  | 19  | 19  | 19  | 19  | 19  | 19
20  | ٱلْعَلِيمُ  | Q2:32 | al-ʿAlīm  | The All-Knowing  | 20  | 16  | 19  | 20  | 20  | 19  | 20  | 20  | 20  | 20  | 20  | 20  | 20  | 20  | 20
21  | ٱلْقَابِضُ  | AD(3451) | al-Qābiḍ  | The Restrainer  | 21  | 17  | —  | 21  | 21  | 20  | —  | —  | 21  | 21  | 21  | 21  | 21  | 21  | —
22  | ٱلْبَاسِطُ  | AD(3451) | al-Bāsiṭ  | The Expander  | 22  | 18  | —  | 22  | 22  | 21  | —  | —  | 22  | 22  | 22  | 22  | 22  | 22  | —
23  | ٱلْخَافِضُ  | Q56:3*  | al-Khāfiḍ  | The Humiliator  | 23  | 19  | —  | —  | —  | 22  | —  | —  | 23  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
24  | ٱلرَّافِعُ  | Q56:3*  | ar-Rāfiʿ  | The Exalter  | 24  | 20  | —  | 23  | —  | 23  | 21  | —  | 24  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
25  | ٱلْمُعِزُّ  | Q3:26*  | al-Muʿizz  | The Giver of Honor  | 25  | 21  | —  | 24  | —  | 24  | —  | —  | 25  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
26  | ٱلْمُذِلُّ  | Q3:26*  | al-Muḏill  | The Giver of Disgrace  | 26  | 22  | —  | 25  | —  | 25  | —  | —  | 26  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
27  | ٱلسَّمِيعُ  | Q2:127 | as-Samīʿ  | The All-Hearing  | 27  | 23  | 20  | 26  | 23  | 26  | 22  | 21  | 27  | 23  | 23  | 23  | 23  | 23  | 21
28  | ٱلْبَصِيرُ  | Q17:1 | al-Baṣīr  | The All-Seeing  | 28  | 24  | 21  | 27  | 24  | 27  | 23  | 22  | 28  | 24  | 24  | 24  | 24  | 24  | 22
29  | ٱلْحَكَمُ  | Q6:114 | al-Ḥakam  | The Judge  | 29  | —  | —  | 28  | —  | 28  | 24  | 23  | 29  | 25  | 25  | 25  | 25  | 25  | 23
30  | ٱلْعَدْلُ  | Q16:90*  | al-ʿAdl  | The Just  | 30  | —  | —  | 29  | —  | 29  | —  | —  | 30  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
31  | ٱللَّطِيفُ  | Q6:103 | al-Laṭīf  | The Gentle  | 31  | 25  | 22  | 30  | 25  | 30  | 25  | 24  | 31  | 26  | 26  | 26  | 26  | 26  | 24
32  | ٱلْخَبِيرُ  | Q6:18 | al-Khabīr  | The All-Aware  | 32  | 26  | 23  | 31  | 26  | 31  | 26  | 25  | 32  | 27  | 27  | 27  | 27  | 27  | 25
33  | ٱلْحَلِيمُ  | Q2:235 | al-Ḥalīm  | The Forbearing  | 33  | 27  | 24  | 32  | 27  | 32  | 27  | 26  | 33  | 28  | 28  | 28  | 28  | 28  | 26
34  | ٱلْعَظِيمُ  | Q2:255 | al-ʿAẓīm  | The Most Magnificent  | 34  | 28  | 25  | 33  | 28  | 33  | 28  | 27  | 34  | 29  | 29  | 29  | 29  | 29  | 27
35  | ٱلْغَفُورُ  | Q2:218 | al-Ghafūr  | The Oft-Forgiving  | 35  | 29  | 26  | 34  | 29  | 34  | 29  | 28  | 35  | 30  | 30  | 30  | 30  | 30  | 28
36  | ٱلشَّكُورُ  | Q35:30 | ash-Shakūr  | The Grateful  | 36  | 30  | 27  | 35  | 30  | 35  | 30  | 29  | 36  | 31  | 31  | 31  | 31  | 31  | 29
37  | ٱلْعَلِيُّ  | Q2:255 | al-ʿAliyy  | The Most High  | 37  | 31  | 28  | 36  | 31  | 36  | 31  | 30  | 37  | 32  | 32  | 32  | 32  | 32  | 30
38  | ٱلْكَبِيرُ  | Q13:9 | al-Kabīr  | The Most Great  | 38  | —  | 29  | 37  | 32  | 37  | 32  | 31  | 38  | 33  | 33  | 33  | 33  | 33  | 31
39  | ٱلْحَفِيظُ  | Q11:57 | al-Ḥafīz  | The Protector  | 39  | —  | —  | 38  | —  | 38  | —  | 32  | 39  | 34  | 34  | 34  | 34  | 34  | 32
40  | ٱلْمُقِيتُ  | Q4:85 | al-Muqīt  | The Nourisher  | 40  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 39  | 33  | 33  | 40  | 35  | 35  | 35  | 35  | 35  | 33
41  | ٱلْحَسِيبُ  | Q4:6 | al-Ḥasīb  | The Ever-Reckoner  | 41  | —  | —  | 39  | —  | 40  | 34  | 34  | 41  | 36  | 36  | 36  | 36  | 36  | 34
42  | ٱلْجَلِيلُ  | Q55:27*  | al-Jalīl  | The Majestic  | 42  | 35  | 30  | 40  | —  | 41  | —  | —  | 42  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
43  | الْكَرِيمُ  | Q82:6 | al-Karīm  | The Noble  | 43  | 36  | 31  | 41  | 33  | 42  | 35  | 35  | 43  | 37  | 37  | 37  | 37  | 37  | 35
44  | الرَّقِيبُ  | Q5:117 | ar-Raqīb  | The Watchful  | 44  | —  | 32  | 42  | —  | 43  | 36  | 36  | 44  | 38  | 38  | 38  | 38  | 38  | 36
45  | الْمُجِيبُ  | Q11:61 | al-Mujīb  | The Answerer  | 45  | 37  | 33  | —  | 34  | —  | 37  | 37  | 45  | 39  | 39  | 39  | 39  | 39  | 37
46  | الْوَاسِعُ  | Q2:115 | al-Wāsiʿ  | The Vast  | 46  | —  | 34  | —  | 35  | 44  | 38  | 38  | 46  | 40  | 40  | 40  | 40  | 40  | 38
47  | الْحَكِيمُ  | Q2:32 | al-Ḥakīm  | The Wise  | 47  | 38  | —  | —  | 36  | 45  | 39  | 39  | 47  | 41  | 41  | 41  | 41  | 41  | 39
48  | الْوَدُودُ  | Q85:14 | al-Wadūd  | The Affectionate  | 48  | 39  | 35  | 43  | 37  | 46  | 40  | 40  | 48  | 42  | 42  | 42  | 42  | 42  | 40
49  | الْمَجِيدُ  | Q85:15 | al-Majīd  | The All-Glorious  | 49  | 40  | 36  | 44  | 38  | 47  | 41  | 41  | 49  | 43  | 43  | 43  | 43  | 43  | 41
50  | الْبَاعِثُ  | Q22:7*  | al-Bāʿiṯ  | The Resurrector  | 50  | 41  | 37  | 45  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 50  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
51  | الشَّهِيدُ  | Q5:117 | ash-Shahīd  | The Witness  | 51  | 42  | 38  | 46  | —  | 48  | 42  | 42  | 51  | 44  | 44  | 44  | 44  | 44  | 42
52  | الْحَقُّ  | Q6:62 | al-Ḥaqq  | The Truth  | 52  | 43  | 39  | 47  | 39  | 49  | 43  | 43  | 52  | 45  | 45  | 45  | 45  | 45  | 43
53  | الْوَكِيلُ  | Q6:102 | al-Wakīl  | The Dependable  | 53  | 44  | 40  | —  | —  | 50  | 44  | 44  | 53  | 46  | 46  | 46  | 46  | 46  | 44
54  | الْقَوِيُّ  | Q8:52 | al-Qawiyy  | The Strong  | 54  | 45  | —  | 48  | 40  | 51  | 45  | 45  | 54  | 47  | 47  | 47  | 47  | 47  | 45
55  | الْمَتِينُ  | Q51:58 | al-Matīn  | The Firm  | 55  | 46  | —  | —  | 41  | 52  | 46  | 46  | 55  | 48  | 48  | 48  | 48  | 48  | 46
56  | الْوَلِيُّ  | Q42:9 | al-Waliyy  | The Helper  | 56  | 47  | —  | 49  | 42  | 53  | 47  | 47  | 56  | 49  | 49  | 49  | 49  | 49  | 47
57  | الْحَمِيدُ  | Q2:267 | al-Ḥamīd  | The All-Praiseworthy  | 57  | —  | 41  | 50  | 43  | 54  | 48  | 48  | 57  | 50  | 50  | 50  | 50  | 50  | 48
58  | الْمُحْصِي  | Q72:28*  | al-Muḥsīy  | The Accounter  | 58  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 55  | —  | —  | 58  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
59  | الْمُبْدِئُ  | Q85:13*  | al-Mubdiʾ  | The Initiator  | 59  | 48  | 42  | —  | —  | 56  | —  | —  | 59  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
60  | الْمُعِيدُ  | Q85:13*  | al-Muʿīd  | The Restorer  | 60  | 49  | 43  | —  | —  | 57  | —  | —  | 60  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
61  | الْمُحْيِي  | Q2:28 | al-Muḥyī  | The Giver of Life  | 61  | 50  | 44  | 51  | —  | 58  | —  | 49  | 61  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
62  | الْمُمِيتُ  | Q2:28 | al-Mumīt  | The Bringer of Death  | 62  | 51  | 45  | —  | —  | 59  | —  | —  | 62  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
63  | الْحَيُّ  | Q2:255 | al-Ḥayy  | The Living  | 63  | 52  | 46  | 52  | 44  | 60  | 49  | 50  | 63  | 51  | 51  | 51  | 51  | 51  | 49
64  | الْقَيُّومُ  | Q2:255 | al-Qayyūm  | The Independent  | 64  | 53  | 47  | 53  | 45  | 61  | 50  | 51  | 64  | 52  | 52  | 52  | 52  | 52  | 50
65  | الْوَاجِدُ  | T(3507)**  | al-Wājid  | The Finder  | 65  | 54  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 65  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
66  | الْمَاجِدُ  | T(2495) | al-Mājid  | The Glorious  | 66  | 55  | —  | 54  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
67  | الْوَاحِدُ  | Q12:39 | al-Wāḥid  | The Unique  | 67  | 56  | 48  | 55  | 46  | 62  | 51  | 52  | 66  | 53  | 53  | 53  | 53  | 53  | 51
68  | الصَّمَدُ  | Q112:2 | aṣ-Ṣamad  | The Self-Sufficient  | 68  | 57  | 49  | 56  | 47  | 63  | 52  | 53  | 67  | 54  | 54  | 54  | 54  | 54  | 52
69  | الْقَادِرُ  | Q6:65 | al-Qādir  | The All-Powerful  | 69  | 58  | 50  | 57  | —  | 64  | 53  | 54  | 68  | 55  | 55  | 55  | 55  | 55  | 53
70  | الْمُقْتَدِرُ  | Q54:42 | al-Muqtadir  | The Determiner  | 70  | —  | 51  | 58  | 48  | 65  | 54  | 55  | 69  | 56  | 56  | 56  | 56  | 56  | 54
71  | الْمُقَدِّمُ  | B(1120) | al-Muqaddim  | The Expeditor  | 71  | —  | —  | —  | 49  | 66  | —  | —  | 70  | 57  | 57  | 57  | 57  | 57  | 55
72  | الْمُؤَخِّرُ  | B(1120) | al-Muʾakhkhir  | The Delayer  | 72  | —  | —  | —  | 50  | 67  | —  | —  | 71  | 58  | 58  | 58  | 58  | 58  | 56
73  | الْأَوَّلُ  | Q57:3 | al-ʾAwwal  | The First  | 73  | 59  | 52  | 59  | 51  | 68  | 55  | 56  | 72  | 59  | 59  | 59  | 59  | 59  | 57
74  | الْآخِرُ  | Q57:3 | al-ʾÃkhir  | The Last  | 74  | 60  | 53  | 60  | 52  | 69  | 56  | 57  | 73  | 60  | 60  | 60  | 60  | 60  | 58
75  | الظَّاهِرُ  | Q57:3 | aẓ-Ẓāhir  | The Manifest  | 75  | 61  | 54  | 61  | 53  | 70  | 57  | 58  | 74  | 61  | 61  | 61  | 61  | 61  | 59
76  | الْبَاطِنُ  | Q57:3 | al-Bāṭin  | The Hidden  | 76  | 62  | 55  | 62  | 54  | 71  | 58  | 59  | 75  | 62  | 62  | 62  | 62  | 62  | 60
77  | الْوَالِي  | Q13:11 | al-Wāliy  | The Patron  | 77  | 63  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 76  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
78  | الْمُتَعَالِ  | Q13:9 | al-Mutʿāliy  | The Most Exalted  | 78  | 64  | 56  | —  | 55  | —  | 59  | 60  | 77  | 63  | 63  | 63  | 63  | 63  | 61
79  | الْبَرُّ  | Q52:28 | al-Barr  | The Beneficent  | 79  | —  | —  | —  | 56  | —  | 60  | 61  | 78  | 64  | 64  | 64  | 64  | 64  | 62
80  | التَّوَّابُ  | Q2:37 | at-Tawwāb  | The Oft-Returning  | 80  | 65  | 57  | 63  | 57  | 72  | 61  | 62  | 79  | 65  | 65  | 65  | 65  | 65  | 63
81  | الْمُنْتَقِمُ  | Q32:22 | al-Muntaqim  | The Avenger  | 81  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 62  | 63  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
82  | الْعَفُوُّ  | Q4:43 | al-ʿAfuww  | The Pardoner  | 82  | 66  | 58  | 64  | 58  | 73  | 63  | 64  | 80  | 66  | 66  | 66  | 66  | 66  | 64
83  | الرَّؤُوفُ  | Q2:143 | ar-Raʾūf  | The Kind  | 83  | 67  | 59  | 65  | 59  | 74  | 64  | 65  | 81  | 67  | 67  | 67  | 67  | 67  | 65
84  | مَالِكُ الْمُلْكِ  | Q3:26 | Mālik-ul-mulk  | Owner of All Sovereignty  | 84  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 65  | —  | 82  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 68  | —
85  | ذُو الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ  | Q55:27 | Ḏū l-Jalāli wal-ʾIkrām  | Owner of Majesty and Honor  | 85  | —  | 60  | 66  | —  | —  | 66  | —  | 83  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 69  | —
86  | الْمُقْسِطُ  | T(3507)**  | al-Muqsiṭ  | The Requiter  | 86  | 68  | —  | 67  | —  | 75  | 67  | —  | 84  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
87  | الْجَامِعُ  | Q3:9 | al-Jāmiʿ  | The Gatherer  | 87  | 69  | —  | 68  | —  | 76  | 68  | 66  | 85  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
88  | الْغَنِيُّ  | Q6:133 | al-Ghāniyy  | The Rich  | 88  | 70  | 61  | 69  | 60  | 77  | 69  | 67  | 86  | 68  | 68  | 68  | 68  | 70  | 66
89  | الْمُغْنِي  | Q9:28*  | al-Mughniyy  | The Enricher  | 89  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 87  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
90  | الْمَانِعُ  | M(477)*  | al-Māniʿ  | The Preventer  | 90  | 71  | —  | 70  | —  | —  | —  | —  | 88  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
91  | الضَّارُّ  | Q6:17*  | aḍ-Ḍār  | The Distressor  | 91  | 72  | —  | —  | —  | 78  | —  | —  | 89  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
92  | النَّافِعُ  | T(3507)**  | an-Nāfiʿ  | The Benefactor  | 92  | 73  | —  | —  | —  | 79  | —  | —  | 90  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
93  | النُّورُ  | Q24:35 | an-Nūr  | The Light  | 93  | 74  | 62  | 71  | —  | —  | —  | 68  | 91  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
94  | الْهَادِي  | Q25:31 |  al-Hādī  | The Guide  | 94  | 75  | 63  | 72  | —  | 80  | 70  | 69  | 92  | —  | —  | 69  | 69  | 71  | 67
95  | الْبَدِيعُ  | Q2:117 | al-Badīʿ  | The Originator  | 95  | —  | 64  | 73  | —  | —  | 71  | 70  | 93  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
96  | الْبَاقِي  | Q55:27*  | al-Bāqī  | The Everlasting  | 96  | 76  | 65  | 74  | —  | 81  | —  | —  | 94  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
97  | الْوَارِثُ  | Q15:23 | al-Wāriṯ  | The Inheritor  | 97  | 77  | —  | —  | —  | 82  | 72  | 71  | 95  | 69  | 69  | 70  | 70  | —  | 68
98  | الرَّشِيدُ  | Q18:10*  | ar-Rashīd  | The Right Guide  | 98  | —  | —  | 75  | —  | 83  | 73  | —  | 96  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —
99  | الصَّبُورُ  | T(3507)**  | aṣ-Ṣabūr  | The Patient  | 99  | —  | —  | 76  | —  | 84  | —  | —  | 97  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —  | —

### Hidden names

There is no universal agreement among Islamic exegesis scholars about the number of names of God, since it was only Ibn Hazm who argued a limitation of 99 names. Instead, Islamic scholars such as al-Khattabi, al-Qurtubi, Abi Bakr bin Thayyib, Ibn al-'Arabi (not Ibn Arabi),[lower-alpha 1] Abu Abdillah ar-Razi (ar), Ibn Taymiyya, Al-Nawawi, Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani,[33] Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya[34] and Ibn Rajab,[35] have stated that Allah has an infinite number of names. While there are rulings that only a few names and their attributes are revealed and known in the Quran and Hadiths, the uncountably unrevealed names and their attributes are only known by Allah Himself.[36][37] The basis of these rulings was the Hadith, which contains a supplication as narrated in Hisn al-Muslim:

Template:Translated blockquote

Another Hadith contains a supplication, with multiple chains of transmitters:

Template:Translated blockquote

In the established Islamic creed about the unrevealed names of Allah, the majority of fatwas say it is obligatory for a Muslim to believe in the existence of the unrevealed names and their attributes, but it is forbidden for Muslims to try to search for them without literal evidences from the Quran and authentic Hadiths.[33][35][36][34] In the creed of Islamic eschatology, the hidden names are believed to be hidden from anyone but Allah, and will only be revealed personally to Muhammad during Judgement Day.[34]

## In textual sources

According to Muslims, the names of God must be established by evidence and direct reference in the Quran and hadiths (the concept of tawqif). Thus, it is impermissible (haram) for Muslims to give Allah names except with what He has named Himself in the Quran or in authentic Hadiths.

### The Quran

The Quran refers to God's Most Beautiful Names (al-ʾasmāʾ al-ḥusná) in several Surahs. Gerhard Böwering refers to Surah 17 (17:110) as the locus classicus to which explicit lists of 99 names used to be attached in tafsir.

Template:Translated blockquote

Another verse references the Most Beautiful Names:

Template:Translated blockquote

A cluster of more than a dozen Divine epithets which are included in such lists is found in Surah 59.

Template:Translated blockquote

### Hadith

In a hadith narrated by Sahih al-Bukhari, it is mentioned that Allah has 99 names.

> Abu Hurairah reported that God has ninety-nine Names, i.e., one hundred minus one, and whoever believes in their meanings and acts accordingly, will enter Paradise; and God is witr (one) and loves 'the witr' (i.e., odd numbers).

— Sahih Bukhari, Vol. 8, Book 75, Hadith 419

In another hadith, this fact is also mentioned again.

> Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "God has ninety-nine Names, one-hundred less one; and he who memorized them all by heart will enter Paradise." To count something means to know it by heart.

— Sahih Bukhari, Vol. 9, Book 93, Hadith 489

## Sufi mysticism

There is a tradition in Sufism to the effect the 99 names of God point to a mystical "Most Supreme and Superior Name" (ismu l-ʾAʿẓam (الاسْمُ ٱلْأَعْظَم).[38] This "Greatest Name of God" is said to be "the one which if He is called (prayed to) by it, He will answer."[39] More than 1000 names of God are listed in the Jawshan Kabir (جَوْشَنُ ٱلْكَبِير—literally "the Great Cuirass") invocations. Sufi mystic Ibn Arabi surmised that the 99 names are "outward signs of the universe's inner mysteries".[8]

Ibn Arabi (26 July 1165 – 16 November 1240) did not interpret the names of God as mere epithets, but as actual attributes paring the universe both in created and possible forms. By these names, the divine traits disclose for humans, whose divine potential is hidden, can learn to become a reflection of such names. However, such reflections are limited; the divine traits do not equal the divine essence of the names.[40] Influenced by the metaphysical teachings of Ibn Arabi, Haydar Amuli assigned angels to the different names of God. Accordingly, the good angels as a whole are a manifestation of God's Names of Beauty. Shaitan (shayatin) on the other hand are a manifestation of God's Names of majesty, such as "The Haughty".[41]

## Theophoric given names

Talismanic shirt inscribed with the 99 names of God as well as Quranic verses and prayers, Turkey, 18th century, Khalili Collection of Hajj and the Arts of Pilgrimage.

The Arabic names of God are used to form theophoric given names commonly used in Muslim cultures throughout the world, mostly in Arabic speaking societies.

Because the names of God themselves are reserved to God and their use as a person's given name is considered religiously inappropriate, theophoric names are formed by either prefixing the term ˁabd (عَبْدُ: "slave/servant of") to the name (in the case of masculine names) or by dropping the definite article al (ال).

This distinction is established out of respect for the sanctity of Divine names, which denote attributes (of love, kindness, mercy, compassion, justice, power, etc.) that are believed to be possessed in a full and absolute sense only by God, while human beings, being limited creatures, are viewed by Muslims as being endowed with the Divine attributes only in a limited and relative capacity. The prefixing of the definite article would indicate that the bearer possesses the corresponding attribute in an exclusive sense, a trait reserved to God.

Names of Allah in Arabic calligraphy.

Quranic verse 3:26 is cited as evidence against the validity of using Divine names for persons, with the example of Mālik ul-Mulk (مَـٰلِكُ ٱلْمُلْكُ: "Lord of Power" or "Owner of all Sovereignty"):

> Say: "O God! Lord of Power, You give power to whom You please, and You strip off power from whom You please. You endue with honour whom You please, and You bring low whom You please. In Your hand is all Good." Verily, over all things You have power.

— Quran 3:26

The two parts of the name starting with ˁabd may be written separately (as in the previous example) or combined as one in the transliterated form; in such a case, the vowel transcribed after ˁabdu is often written as u when the two words are transcribed as one: e.g., Abdur-Rahman, Abdul-Aziz, Abdul-Jabbar, or even Abdullah (عَبْدُ ٱللّٰه: "Servant of God"). (This has to do with Arabic case vowels, the final u vowel showing the normal "quote" nominative case form.)

Examples of Muslim theophoric names include:

* Raḥmān, such as Abdul-Raḥman Al-Sudais (عَبْدُ ٱلْرَّحْمَان ٱلْسُّدَيْس): Imam of the Grand Mosque of Makkah, KSA
* Salām, such as Salam Fayyaḍ (سَلَام فَيَّاض): Palestinian politician
* Jabbār, such as Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (كَرِيم عَبْدُ ٱلْجَبَّار): American basketball player
* Ḥakīm, such as Sherman "Abdul Ḥakim" Jackson (عَبْدُ ٱلْحَكِيم—ˁabdu ʼl-Ḥakiym): American Islamic Studies scholar
* Ra'ūf, such as Ra'ouf Mus'ad (رَؤُوف مُسَعد): Egyptian-Sudanese novelist
* Abdul Muqtedar as in Muḥammad Abdul Muqtedar Khan (مُحَمَّد عَبْدُ ٱلمُقْتَدِر خَان): Indian-American academic

## Use in Baháʼí sources

Baháʼí sources state that the 100th name was revealed as "Baháʼ" (Arabic: بهاء "glory, splendor"), which appears in the words Bahá'u'lláh and Baháʼí. They also believe that it is the greatest name of God.[42][43] The Báb wrote a noted pentagram-shaped tablet with 360 morphological derivation of the word "Baháʼ" used in it.[42]

According to Baháʼí scholar ‘Abdu’l-Hamíd Ishráq-Khávari, Bahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿĀmilī adopted the Persian poetic pen name "Bahāʾ" after being inspired by the words of the fifth Twelver Imam, Muhammad al-Baqir, and the sixth Imam, Ja'far al-Sadiq, who stated that the greatest name of God was included in either the Duʿāʾu l-Bahāʾ, a dawn prayer for Ramadan, or the ʾAʿmal ʿam Dawūd.[42] In the first verse of the duʿāʾu l-Bahāʾ, the name "Bahāʾ" appears four times.[44]

## See also

* The 99, a comic book based on the 99 names of God in Islam
* Basmala
* List of Arabic theophoric names
* Names of God
* Names of God in Zoroastrianism
* Names of God in Christianity
* Names of God in Judaism
* Names of God in Sikhism
* Sahasranama, the Hindu lists of 1000 names of God
* "The Nine Billion Names of God", a short story by Arthur C. Clarke

## Appendix

### Footnotes

1. ↑ Ibn al-'Arabi full Nisba name is Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Andalusi al-Ishbili al-Maliki, a Maliki scholar who died in 1121 AD. Ibn Arabi full Nisba is Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hatimi at-Tayy al-Andalusi, a philosopher who died in 1216 AD.[32]

### References

1. ↑ Mohammad Mahdi Al-Sharif (2014) (in En). ALLAH'S MOST BEAUTIFUL NAMES: اسماء الله الحسنى [انكليزي]. Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah. p. 25. ISBN 978-2745154811. https://books.google.com/books?id=gi5uDwAAQBAJ. Retrieved 20 August 2024. "...Name "Rahman" and the characteristic it carries."
2. ↑ Mark W. Muesse (2018). Four Wise Men. BoD – Books on Demand. p. 240. ISBN 9780718895228. https://books.google.com/books?id=i8hxEAAAQBAJ. Retrieved 20 August 2024. "... attributes, which name certain qualities that assist in appropriately orienting the mind toward god."
3. ↑ "Sifat Allah: Apakah Hanya Tujuh atau Dua Puluh? (Bag. 3)" (in Id). Yayasan Pendidikan Islam Al-Atsari (YPIA) Al-Atsari Islamic Education Foundation. 9 April 2018. https://muslim.or.id/38229-sifat-allah-apakah-hanya-tujuh-atau-dua-puluh-03-2.html. References from:
* Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal no. 3712. graded authentic by Shaikh Albani in Silsilah Ash-Sahihah no. 3528
* Sahih Bukhari. Bukhari no. 4712.
* Sahih Muslim no. 1118
* Sharh al-Qawa' Ied al-Muthla p. 134-135, by Muhammad ibn Salih Al-Uthaymin, first print, published by Dar al-Athar in 2001.
* Sharh ar-Risala att-Tadmuriyyah li Shaykh al-Islaam Ibn Taimiyyah, by Shaikh Dr. Yusuf Al-Ghafish
* Sharh Al-'Aqida As-Safariyaniyya, by Muhammad ibn Salih Al-Uthaymin, published by Madar ul-Watan KSA, second printing in 2010, pp. 202-203.
* Dar'u Ta'arudhi Al-'Aqli wan Naqli, 5/ 248 (Maktabah Shamila).
* Asas at-Taqdiis, pp. 147-148.
* Al-Ibana ‘an Usl ad-Diyanah, page. 443.
4. ↑ "هل (الحنان) من صفات الله ؟" (in Ar). 2019. https://islamqa.info/ar/answers/307585/هل-الحنان-من-صفات-الله. "Fatawa Noor ‘ala al-Darb; Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal (3/11), and Tafsir al-Tabari (16/113). “Attributes of God Almighty contained in the Qur’an and Sunnah”; Fatwa of Council of Senior Scholars (Saudi Arabia) (24/172)"
5. ↑ Oliviu Felecan (2019) (in En). Onomastics between Sacred and Profane. Vernon Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-1622734016. https://books.google.com/books?id=uDpvDwAAQBAJ. Retrieved 20 August 2024. "... attributes, postulating that a name is different from naming"
6. ↑ Al-Uthaymin (2019). bin Nashir bin Ibrahim As-Sulaiman, Fahd. ed (in Id). Tuntunan Tanya-Jawab Akidah, Shalat, Zakat, Puasa, dan Haji. Darul Falah. p. 72. ISBN 978-979-3036-66-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=_OS3DwAAQBAJ. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
7. ↑ M. Ghulam Hussain Daleel (2023). Kayinath: For Literature and Philanthropy. Notion Press. ISBN 9798888839706. https://books.google.com/books?id=lxCqEAAAQBAJ. Retrieved 20 August 2024. "...ninety-nine names of God, mentioned in the Quran. Allah's names imply his attributes...."
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Morgan, Diane (2010). Essential Islam: A Comprehensive Guide to Belief and Practice. ABC-CLIO. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-313-36025-1. https://archive.org/details/essentialislamco0000morg.
9. ↑ "God". Islam: Empire of Faith. PBS. https://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithgod.html.
10. ↑ "Islam and Christianity", Encyclopedia of Christianity (2001): Arabic-speaking Christians and Jews also refer to God as Allāh.
11. ↑ Gardet, L.. "Allah". in Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E. et al.. Encyclopaedia of Islam Online. Brill Online. http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/allah-COM_0047. Retrieved 2 May 2007.
12. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `EncyclopediaofIslam`
13. ↑ Zeki Saritoprak (2006). "Allah". in Oliver Leaman. The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 34. ISBN 9780415326391. https://books.google.com/books?id=isDgI0-0Ip4C&q=ilah. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
14. ↑ Vincent J. Cornell (2005). "God: God in Islam". in Lindsay Jones. Encyclopedia of Religion. 5 (2nd ed.). MacMillan Reference USA. p. 724.
15. ↑ Andreas Görke and Johanna Pink Tafsir and Islamic Intellectual History Exploring the Boundaries of a Genre Oxford University Press in association with The Institute of Ismaili Studies London ISBN 978-0-19-870206-1 p. 478
16. ↑ It is generally accepted that the word is not derived from any root and does not carry a dictionary meaning and constitutes the proper name of the real god, or even if it has a dictionary meaning, it loses this meaning when it becomes the name of the real god./Kelimenin herhangi bir kökten türemiş olmayıp sözlük mânası taşımadığı ve gerçek mâbudun özel adını teşkil ettiği, yahut sözlükte bir anlamı olsa bile gerçek mâbuda ad olunca bu anlamı kaybettiği genellikle benimsenmektedir. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/allah
17. ↑ Quran 7:180, Quran 17:110, Quran 20:8, Quran 59:24
18. ↑ "Names of God - Oxford Islamic Studies Online" (in en). http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1708. "Encouraged by the Quran (7:180; 17:110; 20:8), Muslims selected ninety-nine attributes of God, describing his perfection, from the Quran and traditions. Referred to as "the most beautiful names of God," they describe a range of characteristics that balances the power of God (the Creator, the Sovereign, and the All-Knowing) with his love and mercy (the All-Loving, the Most Gracious, and the All-Forgiving). The names are frequently memorized and used in supplications. Preceded by the words Abd or Amat (male or female servant), they are often used in proper names (e.g., Abd al-Rahman, "servant of the Merciful")."
19. ↑ Böwering, Gerhard "God and God Attributes". Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān.
20. ↑ Ayman Shihadeh: Sufism and Theology. Hrsg.: Edinburgh University Press. 21. November 2007, ISBN 978-0-7486-3134-6, pp. 54–56.
21. ↑ In the scriptures of the Abrahamic religions, God is described as being a personal creator, speaking in the first person and showing emotion such as anger and pride, and sometimes appearing in anthropomorphic shape. Williams, W. Wesley, "A study of anthropomorphic theophany and Visio Dei in the Hebrew Bible, the Quran and early Sunni Islam", University of Michigan, March 2009
22. ↑ Williams 2002. sfn error: no target: CITEREFWilliams2002 (help)
23. ↑ https://quranx.com/Dictionaries/عظم
24. ↑ He magnified himself; behaved proudly, haughtily, or insolently https://quranx.com/Dictionaries/كبر
25. ↑ Hastings, James, (Ed.) (1913). Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics, Volume VI: Fiction–Hyksos. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark. p. 248
26. ↑ https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/153869
27. ↑ al-Jawziyya, Ibn Qayyim (6 May 2020) (in en). Ranks of the Divine Seekers: A Parallel English-Arabic Text. Volume 1. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-41341-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=1XvnDwAAQBAJ&dq=al-Tirmidhī+4330&pg=PA893.
28. ↑ Please note the written Arabic spelling of the names written in Arabic in the table are in the vowelled Classical/Quranic form (proper = in the Quran and Ahādith) with the square bracketed "[.]" variant of the written Arabic forms given in common or modern texts—usually in media, some long vowels and punctuations are omitted for the easier typing and reading.
29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman (2013) (in En). Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 1 (Part 1): Al-Fatihah 1 to Al-Baqarah 141 2nd Edition. MSA Publication Limited. p. XXIV. ISBN 978-1861798268. https://books.google.com/books?id=mcxQCwAAQBAJ. Retrieved 15 August 2024. "Exegesis of Al-Tabari and Al-Qurtubi with the reference material from a Hadith from Sunan al-Tirmidhi transmitted by Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf."
30. ↑ (Al-Bayhaqi 1999 )
31. ↑ He magnified himself; behaved proudly, haughtily, or insolently https://quranx.com/Dictionaries/كبر
32. ↑ "Reduksi Sufi antara Penyebutan Ibnu al-'Arabiy/إبن العربي (w. 543 H) dengan Ibnu 'Arabiy/إبن عربي (w. 638 H) ?" (in Id). Alkhiraat Media. 2019. https://www.alkhairaat-ternate.or.id/2019/07/03/reduksi-sufi-antara-penyebutan-ibnu-al-arabiy-إبن-العربي-w-543-h-dengan-ibnu-arabiy-إبن-عربي-w-6/.
33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Ahmad Hadith Asma infinite`
34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Hadith of secret names of Allah`
35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Hakim Hibban Hadith Asma infinite`
36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Abdulaziz Al Sheikh (in Ar). Fatwa no. 39788. Permanent Committee for Scholarly Research and Ifta. https://al-fatawa.com/fatwa/39788. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
37. ↑ "أسماء الله تعالى غير محصورة في تسعة وتسعين اسماً" (in Ar). 2003. https://islamqa.info/ar/answers/41003/. "Compilation Fatwa of Uthaymin"
38. ↑ Schimmel, Annemarie (1993). The Mystery of Numbers. New York, US: Oxford University Press. p. 271. ISBN 0-19-508919-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=lBIZ9PRZvPIC&pg=PA271.
39. ↑ Momen, Moojan (2000). Islam and the Bahá'í Faith. George Ronald. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-85398-446-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=gMAQAQAAIAAJ. The endnote states: "Ibn Májah, Sunan, 34. (Kitáb ad-Du'á), ch. 9, no. 3856, vol. 2, p. 1267. See also: Ad-Dárimí, Sunan, 23 (Fada'il al-Qur'án), ch. 15, no. 3296, vol. 2, pp. 324–325. Similar statements in Shi'i tradition include: Majlisí, Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 26. p. 7.
40. ↑ Bruce Lawrence The Qur'an: A Biography Atlantic Books Ltd, 2 October 2014 ISBN 9781782392187 chapter 8
41. ↑ Ayman Shihadeh Sufism and Theology Edinburgh University Press, 21 November 2007 ISBN 9780748631346 pp. 54–56
42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 Lambden, Stephen (1993). "The Word Baháʼ: Quintessence of the Greatest Name". Baháʼí Studies Review 3 (1). https://bahai-library.com/lambden_quintessence_greatest_name.
43. ↑ Smith, Peter (2000). "greatest name". A concise encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith. Oxford: Oneworld Publications. pp. 167–8. ISBN 1-85168-184-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=pYfrAQAAQBAJ.
44. ↑ Khadem, Dhikru'llah (March 1976). "Bahá'u'lláh and His Most Holy Shrine". Baháʼí News (540): 4–5. http://www.teachingandprojects.com/meansandmaterials.htm.

### Bibliography

* ʾIbrahīm bin ʿAlī al-Kafʿamī (1436–1500 CE), al-Maqām al-asnā fī tafsīr al-asmāʼ al-ḥusnā. Beirut: Dār al-Hādī (1992) (WorldCat listing).
* Namira Nahouza (2009), Contemporary Wahhabism Rebranded as Salafism: The Issue of Interpreting the Qur'anic Verses and Hadith on the Attributes of God and its Significance, University of Exeter, https://www.proquest.com/openview/927f40cb5e4fd3f64a25b64e8da59cf9/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=2026366&diss=y, retrieved 20 August 2024

## External links

* Al-Bayhaqi (1999) (in En). Allah's Names and Attributes. ISCA. ISBN 1930409036. https://books.google.com/books?id=PM7wz92Tq6oC. Retrieved 16 August 2024.

* v
* t
* e

People and things in the Quran

Characters

Non-humans|

* Allāh ("The God")
* Names of Allah found in the Quran, such as Karīm (Generous)
* Beings in Paradise

| Animals|

| Related|

* The baqarah (cow) of Israelites
* The dhiʾb (wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph
* The fīl (elephant) of the Abyssinians
* Ḥimār (Domesticated donkey)
* The hud-hud (hoopoe) of Solomon
* The kalb (dog) of the sleepers of the cave
* The namlah (female ant) of Solomon
* The nūn (fish or whale) of Jonah
* The nāqat (she-camel) of Saleh

|

Non-related|

* ʿAnkabūt (Female spider)
* Dābbat al-Arḍ (Beast of the Earth)
* Ḥimār (Wild ass)
* Naḥl (Honey bee)
* Qaswarah ("Lion", "beast of prey" or "hunter")

Angels|

* Angels of Hell
* Mālik
* Zabāniyah
* Angel of the Trumpet (Isrāfīl or Raphael)
* Jibrīl (Gabriel)
* Ar-Rūḥ ("The Spirit")
* Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn ("The Trustworthy Spirit")
* Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus ("The Holy Spirit")
* Mīkāil (Michael)
* Angel of Death (Azrael)
* Bearers of the Throne
* Riḍwān
* Munkar and Nakir
* Harut and Marut
* Kirāman Kātibīn (Honourable Scribes)
* Raqib
* Atid

Others|

* Jinn
* Jann
* ʿIfrīt
* Mārid ("Rebellious one")
* Shayāṭīn (Demons)
* Iblīs the (Chief) Al-Shayṭān
* Qarīn
* Ghilmān or Wildān
* Ḥūr

Prophets|

| Mentioned|

* Ādam (Adam)
* Al-Yasaʿ (Elisha)
* Ayyūb (Job)
* Dāwūd (David)
* Dhūl-Kifl (Ezekiel?)
* Hārūn (Aaron)
* Hūd (Eber?)
* Idrīs (Enoch?)
* Ilyās (Elijah)
* ʿImrān (Joachim the father of Maryam)
* Isḥāq (Isaac)
* Ismāʿīl (Ishmael)
* Dhabih Ullah
* Lūṭ (Lot)
* Ṣāliḥ
* Shuʿayb (Jethro, Reuel or Hobab?)
* Sulaymān ibn Dāwūd (Solomon son of David)
* ʿUzair (Ezra?)
* Yaḥyā ibn Zakariyyā (John the Baptist the son of Zechariah)
* Yaʿqūb (Jacob)
* Isrāʾīl (Israel)
* Yūnus (Jonah)
* Dhūn-Nūn ("He of the Fish (or Whale)" or "Owner of the Fish (or Whale)")
* Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt ("Companion of the Whale")
* Yūsuf ibn Ya‘qūb (Joseph son of Jacob)
* Zakariyyā (Zechariah)

| Ulul-ʿAzm|

* Muḥammad
* Aḥmad
* Other names and titles of Muhammad
* ʿĪsā (Jesus)
* Al-Masīḥ (The Messiah)
* Ibn Maryam (Son of Mary)
* Mūsā Kalīmullāh (Moses He who spoke to God)
* Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh (Abraham Friend of God)
* Nūḥ (Noah)

|

Debatable ones|

* Dhūl-Qarnain
* Luqmān
* Maryam (Mary)
* Ṭālūt (Saul or Gideon?)

Implied|

* Irmiyā (Jeremiah)
* Isma'il Ṣādiq al-Waʿd (Fulfiller of the Promise)?
* Ṣamūʾīl (Samuel)
* Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn (Joshua, companion and successor of Moses)

People of Prophets|

| Good ones|

* Adam's immediate relatives
* Martyred son
* Wife
* Believer of Ya-Sin
* Family of Noah
* Father Lamech
* Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos
* Luqman's son
* People of Aaron and Moses
* Egyptians
* Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura)
* Imraʾat Firʿawn (Arabic: امْرَأَت فِرْعَوْن, Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim (Arabic: آسِيَا بِنْت مُزَاحِم) or Wife of Pharaoh, who adopted Moses)
* Magicians of the Pharaoh
* Wise, pious man
* Moses' wife
* Moses' sister-in-law
* Mother
* Sister
* People of Abraham
* Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo
* Ishmael's mother
* Isaac's mother
* People of Jesus
* Disciples (including Peter)
* Mary's mother
* Zechariah's wife
* People of Joseph
* Brothers (including Binyāmin (Benjamin) and Simeon)
* Egyptians
* ʿAzīz (Potiphar, Qatafir or Qittin)
* Malik (King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd))
* Wife of ʿAzīz (Zulaykhah)
* Mother
* People of Solomon
* Mother
* Queen of Sheba
* Vizier
* Zayd (Muhammad's adopted son)

|

Evil ones|

* Āzar (possibly Terah)
* Firʿawn (Pharaoh of Moses' time)
* Hāmān
* Jālūt (Goliath)
* Qārūn (Korah, cousin of Moses)
* As-Sāmirī
* Abū Lahab
* Slayers of Saleh's she-camel (Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr)

Implied or
not specified|

* Abrahah[clarification needed]
* Bal'am/Balaam
* Barsisa
* Caleb or Kaleb the companion of Joshua
* Luqman's son
* Nebuchadnezzar II
* Nimrod
* Rahmah the wife of Ayyub
* Shaddad

Groups|

| Mentioned|

* Aṣḥāb al-Jannah
* People of Paradise
* People of the Burnt Garden
* Aṣḥāb as-Sabt (Companions of the Sabbath)
* Christian apostles
* Ḥawāriyyūn (Disciples of Jesus)
* Companions of Noah's Ark
* Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm (Companions of the Cave and Al-Raqaim?
* Companions of the Elephant
* People of al-Ukhdūd
* People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin
* People of Yathrib or Medina
* Qawm Lūṭ (People of Sodom and Gomorrah)
* Nation of Noah

| Tribes, ethnicities
or families|

* Aʿrāb (Arabs or Bedouins)
* ʿĀd (people of Hud)
* Companions of the Rass
* Qawm Tubbaʿ (People of Tubba)
* People of Sabaʾ or Sheba
* Quraysh
* Thamūd (people of Saleh)
* Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr ("Companions of the Stoneland")
* ‘Ajam
* Ar-Rūm (literally "The Romans")
* Banī Isrāʾīl (Children of Israel)
* Muʾtafikāt (The overthrown cities of Sodom and Gomorrah)
* People of Ibrahim
* People of Ilyas
* People of Nuh
* People of Shuaib
* Ahl Madyan People of Madyan)
* Aṣḥāb al-Aykah ("Companions of the Wood")
* Qawm Yūnus (People of Jonah)
* Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog
* Ahl al-Bayt ("People of the Household")
* Household of Abraham
* Brothers of Yūsuf
* Lot's daughters
* Progeny of Imran
* Household of Moses
* Household of Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim
* Daughters of Muhammad
* Muhammad's wives
* Household of Salih
* People of Fir'aun
* Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad)
* Aṣḥāb Muḥammad (Companions of Muhammad)
* Anṣār (Muslims of Medina who helped Muhammad and his Meccan followers, literally 'Helpers')
* Muhajirun (Emigrants from Mecca to Medina)
* People of Mecca
* Wife of Abu Lahab
* Children of Ayyub
* Sons of Adam
* Wife of Nuh
* Wife of Lut
* Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj (Gog and Magog)
* Son of Nuh

|

Implicitly
mentioned|

* Amalek
* Ahl as-Suffa (People of the Verandah)
* Banu Nadir
* Banu Qaynuqa
* Banu Qurayza
* Iranian people
* Umayyad Dynasty
* Aus and Khazraj
* People of Quba

Religious groups|

* Ahl al-Dhimmah
* Kāfirūn (Disbelievers)
* Zoroastrians
* Munafiqun (Hypocrites)
* Muslims
* Believers
* Ahl al-Kitāb (People of the Book)
* Naṣārā (Christian(s) or People of the Injil)
* Ruhban (Christian monks)
* Qissis (Christian priest)
* Yahūd (Jews)
* Ahbār (Jewish scholars)
* Rabbani/Rabbi
* Sabians
* Polytheists
* Meccan polytheists at the time of Muhammad
* Mesopotamian polytheists at the time of Abraham and Lot

Locations|

| Mentioned|

* Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah ("The Holy Land")
* 'Blessed' Land
* In the Arabian Peninsula (excluding Madyan)
* Al-Aḥqāf ("The Sandy Plains," or "the Wind-curved Sand-hills")
* Iram dhāt al-ʿImād (Iram of the Pillars)
* Al-Madīnah (formerly Yathrib)
* ʿArafāt
* Al-Ḥijr (Hegra)
* Badr
* Ḥunayn
* Makkah (Mecca)
* Bakkah
* Ḥaraman Āminan ("Sanctuary (which is) Secure")
* Kaʿbah (Kaaba)
* Maqām Ibrāhīm (Station of Abraham)
* Safa and Marwa
* Sabaʾ (Sheba)
* ʿArim Sabaʾ (Dam of Sheba)
* Rass
* Al-Jannah (Paradise, literally "The Garden")
* Jahannam (Hell)
* In Mesopotamia:
* Al-Jūdiyy
* Munzalanm-Mubārakan ("Place-of-Landing Blessed")
* Bābil (Babylon)
* Qaryat Yūnus ("Township of Jonah," that is Nineveh)
* Door of Hittah
* Madyan (Midian)
* Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn
* Miṣr (Mainland Egypt)
* Salsabīl (A river in Paradise)
* Sinai Region or Tīh Desert
* Al-Wād Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan (The Holy Valley of Tuwa)
* Al-Wādil-Ayman (The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and Mount Sinai)
* Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah ("The Blessed Place")
* Mount Sinai or Mount Tabor

| Religious locations|

* Bay'a (Church)
* Miḥrāb
* Monastery
* Masjid (Mosque, literally "Place of Prostration")
* Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām ("The Sacred Grove")
* Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā (Al-Aqsa Mosque, literally "The Farthest Place-of-Prostration")
* Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām (The Sacred Mosque of Mecca)
* Masjid al-Dirar
* A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly:
* Masjid Qubāʾ (Quba Mosque)
* The Prophet's Mosque
* Salat (Synagogue)

|

Implied|

* Antioch
* Antakya
* Arabia
* Al-Ḥijāz (literally "The Barrier")
* Black Stone (Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad) & Al-Hijr of Isma'il
* Cave of Hira
* Ghār ath-Thawr (Cave of the Bull)
* Hudaybiyyah
* Ta'if
* Ayla
* Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn
* Bayt al-Muqaddas & 'Ariha
* Bilād ar-Rāfidayn (Mesopotamia)
* Canaan
* Cave of Seven Sleepers
* Dār an-Nadwa
* Jordan River
* Nile River
* Palestine River
* Paradise of Shaddad

Plant matter|

* Baṣal (Onion)
* Fūm (Garlic or wheat)
* Shaṭʾ (Shoot)
* Sūq (Plant stem)
* Zarʿ (Seed)

| Fruits|

* ʿAdas (Lentil)
* Baql (Herb)
* Ḥabb dhul-ʿaṣf (Corn of the husk)
* Qith-thāʾ (Cucumber)
* Rummān (Pomegranate)
* Tīn (Fig)
* Ukul khamṭ (Bitter fruit or food of Sheba)
* Zaytūn (Olive)
* In Paradise
* Forbidden fruit of Adam

|

Bushes, trees
or plants|

* Plants of Sheba
* Athl (Tamarisk)
* Sidr (Lote-tree)
* Līnah (Tender Palm tree)
* Nakhl (Date palm)
* Rayḥān (Scented plant)
* Sidrat al-Muntahā
* Zaqqūm

Holy books|

* Al-Injīl (The Gospel of Jesus)
* Al-Qurʾān (The Book of Muhammad)
* Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm (Scroll(s) of Abraham)
* At-Tawrāt (The Torah)
* Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā (Scroll(s) of Moses)
* Tablets of Stone
* Az-Zabūr (The Psalms of David)
* Umm al-Kitāb ("Mother of the Book(s)")

Objects of people
or beings|

* Heavenly Food of Christian Apostles
* Noah's Ark
* Staff of Musa
* Tābūt as-Sakīnah (Casket of Shekhinah)
* Throne of Bilqis
* Trumpet of Israfil

| Mentioned idols
(cult images)|

* 'Ansāb
* Idols of Israelites:
* Baʿal
* The ʿijl (golden calf statue) of Israelites
* Idols of Noah's people:
* Nasr
* Suwāʿ
* Wadd
* Yaghūth
* Yaʿūq
* Idols of Quraysh:
* Al-Lāt
* Al-ʿUzzā
* Manāt
* Jibt and Ṭāghūt

|

Celestial bodies|

Maṣābīḥ (literally 'lamps'):

* Al-Qamar (The Moon)
* Kawākib (Planets)
* Al-Arḍ (The Earth)
* Nujūm (Stars)
* Ash-Shams (The Sun)

Liquids|

* Māʾ (Water or fluid)

* Nahr (River)
* Yamm (River or sea)

* Sharāb (Drink)

Events, incidents,
occasions or times|

* Incident of Ifk
* Laylat al-Qadr
* Event of Mubahala
* Sayl al-ʿArim (Flood of the Great Dam of Marib in Sheba)
* The Farewell Pilgrimage
* Treaty of Hudaybiyyah

| Battles or
military expeditions|

* Battle of al-Aḥzāb ("the Confederates")
* Battle of Badr
* Battle of Hunayn
* Battle of Khaybar
* Battle of Tabouk
* Battle of Uhud
* Conquest of Mecca

|

Days|

* Al-Jumuʿah (The Friday)
* As-Sabt (The Sabbath or Saturday)
* Days of battles
* Days of Hajj
* Doomsday

|

Months of the
Islamic calendar|

12 months:

* Four holy months
* Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām (The Sacred or Forbidden Month)
* Ramaḍān

|

Pilgrimages|

* Al-Ḥajj (literally "The Pilgrimage", the Greater Pilgrimage)
* Al-ʿUmrah (The Lesser Pilgrimage)

|

Times for Prayer
or Remembrance|

Times for Duʿāʾ ('Invocation'), Ṣalāh and Dhikr ('Remembrance', including Taḥmīd ('Praising'), Takbīr and Tasbīḥ):

* Al-ʿAshiyy (The Afternoon or the Night)
* Al-Ghuduww ("The Mornings")
* Al-Bukrah ("The Morning")
* Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ ("The Morning")
* Al-Layl ("The Night")
* Al-ʿIshāʾ ("The Late-Night")
* Aẓ-Ẓuhr ("The Noon")
* Dulūk ash-Shams ("Decline of the Sun")
* Al-Masāʾ ("The Evening")
* Qabl al-Ghurūb ("Before the Setting (of the Sun)")
* Al-Aṣīl ("The Afternoon")
* Al-ʿAṣr ("The Afternoon")
* Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams ("Before the rising of the Sun")
* Al-Fajr ("The Dawn")

|

Implied|

* Event of Ghadir Khumm
* Laylat al-Mabit
* The first pilgrimage

|

Note: The names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)

* v
* t
* e

Names of God

* in Baháʼísm
* In Chinese religions (1)
* In Chinese religions (2)
* In Christianity
* In Hinduism
* In Islam
* In Jainism
* In Judaism
* In Rastafarianism
* In Santeria
* In Sikhism
* In Zoroastrianism

* Acintya
* Adonai
* Ahura Mazda
* The All
* Allah
* Aten
* Bathala
* Bhagavan
* Brahma
* Brahman
* Cao Đài
* The Creator
* Dakini
* Deus
* Deva
* Devi
* Durga
* Ein Sof
* El
* Elohim
* El Elyon
* El Shaddai
* God
* God the Father
* Great Spirit
* Hiranyagarbha
* Haneullim
* Hu
* Hyang
* I Am that I Am
* Ik Onkar
* Ishvara
* Jah
* Jahbulon
* Kami
* Khuda
* Krishna
* Mahadeva
* Manitou
* Melek Taus
* Ngai
* Olodumare
* Ọlọrun
* Om
* The One of Neoplatonism
* The One (Tad Ekam) of Rigveda
* Parvardigar
* Purusha
* Rama
* Shakti
* Shangdi
* Shen
* Shiva
* Svayam Bhagavan
* Tenri-Ō-no-Mikoto
* Tetragrammaton
* Tian
* Tianzhu
* Trimurti
* Trinity
* Vishnu
* Waheguru
* Wakan Tanka
* Xwedê
* YHWH
* Jehovah
* Yahweh

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Theology

Conceptions of God

| Theism|

| Forms|

*   * Deism
* Dystheism
* Henotheism
* Hermeticism
* Kathenotheism
* Nontheism
* Monolatry
* Monotheism
* Mysticism
* Panentheism
* Pandeism
* Pantheism
* Polydeism
* Polytheism
* Spiritualism
* Theopanism

|

Concepts|

*   * Deity
* Divinity
* Gender of God and gods
* Male deity
* Goddess
* Numen

Singular god
theologies|

| By faith|

* Abrahamic religions
* Bahá'í Faith
* Judaism
* Christianity
* Catholic
* Islam
* Buddhism
* Hinduism
* Jainism
* Sikhism
* Zoroastrianism

|

Concepts|

* Absolute
* Brahman
* Emanationism
* Logos
* Supreme Being

God as|

* the Devil
* Sustainer
* Time

Trinitarianism|

* Athanasian Creed
* Comma Johanneum
* Consubstantiality
* Homoousian
* Homoiousian
* Hypostasis
* Perichoresis
* Shield of the Trinity
* Trinitarian formula
* Trinity
* Trinity of the Church Fathers
* Trinitarian universalism

Eschatology|

* Afterlife
* Apocalypticism
* Buddhist
* Christian
* Heaven
* Hell
* Hindu
* Islamic
* Jewish
* Taoist
* Zoroastrian

Feminist|

* Buddhism
* Christianity
* Hinduism
* Islam
* Judaism
* Mormonism
* Goddesses

Other concepts|

* The All
* Aristotelian view
* Attributes of God in Christianity / in Islam
* Binitarianism
* Demiurge
* Divine simplicity
* Divine presence
* Egotheism
* Exotheology
* Holocaust
* Godhead in Christianity
* Latter Day Saints
* Great Architect of the Universe
* Great Spirit
* Apophatic theology
* Olelbis
* Open theism
* Personal god
* Phenomenological definition
* Philo's view
* Process
* Tian
* Unmoved mover

Names of God in|

* Christianity
* Hinduism
* Islam
* Jainism
* Judaism

By Faith

| Christian|

* History
* Outline
* Biblical canon
* Glossary
* Christology
* Cosmology
* Ecclesiology
* Ethics
* Hamartiology
* Messianism
* Nestorianism
* Philosophy
* Practical
* Sophiology
* Soteriology

|

Hindu|

* Ayyavazhi theology
* Krishnology

Islamic|

* Oneness of God
* Prophets
* Holy Scriptures
* Angels
* Predestination
* Last Judgment

Jewish|

* Abrahamic prophecy
* Aggadah
* Denominations
* Kabbalah
* Philosophy

Theology portal

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names of God in Islam. Read more

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Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Religion:Names_of_God_in_Islam&oldid=4350899"
*[lit.]: literal translation
*[WM]: Al-Walid ibn Muslim according to al-Tirmidhi
*[AS]: Abd al-Malik al-San'ani according to Ibn Majah
*[AH]: Abd al-Aziz ibn al-Husayn according to al-Hakim al-Nishapuri
*[MD]: Ibn Mandah in his book Kitab al-Tawhid
*[HZ]: Ibn Hazm in his book al-Muhalla
*[AB]: Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi in his book Ahkam al-Quran
*[IW]: Muhammad ibn al-Wazir (Twelver Shi'i) in his book Ithar al-Haqq ala al-Khalq
*[IH]: Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani in his book Fath al-Bari
*[BH]: Imam al-Bayhaqi in his book al-Asma' wa al-Sifat
*[IU]: Muhammad ibn Salih al-Uthaymin in his book al-Qawa'id al-Muthla
*[AR]: Mahmud Abd al-Razziq al-Ridhwani in his book Asma' Allah al-Husna al-Thabitah
*[AG]: Abdullah ibn Salih al-Ghasn in his book Asma Allah al-Husna
*[IN]: Abd al-Aziz ibn Nasir al-Julayyil in his book "Wa Lillahi al-Asma al-Husna"
*[SW]: Sa'id ibn Ali ibn Wahf Al-Qahtani in his book Sharh Asma al-Husna
*[AM]: Abd al-Muhsin al-Abbad in his book Qutf al-Jana al-Dani
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*[e]: Edit this template