Manganese(III) oxide

Names
Other names

dimanganese trioxide, manganese sesquioxide, manganic oxide, manganous oxide

Identifiers

CAS Number

* 1317-34-6 Y

3D model (JSmol)

* Interactive image

ChemSpider |

* 14139 N

PubChem CID

* 14824

RTECS number |

* OP915000

UNII |

* XQ8YIG4A7C Y

InChI

* InChI=1S/2Mn.3O N

Key: GEYXPJBPASPPLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N N

* InChI=1/2Mn.3O/rMn2O3/c3-1-5-2-4

Key: GEYXPJBPASPPLI-YNHMASKPAU

SMILES

* O=[Mn]O[Mn]=O

Properties

Chemical formula

| Mn2O3
Molar mass | 157.8743 g/mol
Appearance  | brown or black crystalline
Density | 4.50 g/cm3
Melting point |  888 °C (1,630 °F; 1,161 K) (alpha form)
940 °C, decomposes (beta form)

Solubility in water

| 0.00504 g/100 mL (alpha form)
0.01065 g/100 mL (beta form)
Solubility | insoluble in ethanol, acetone
soluble in acid, ammonium chloride

Magnetic susceptibility (χ)

| +14,100·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure[1]

Crystal structure

| Bixbyite, cI80

Space group

| Ia3 (No. 206)

Lattice constant

a = 942 pm

Thermochemistry

Std molar
entropy (S ~~o~~ 298)

| 110 J·mol−1·K−1[2]

Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)

| −971 kJ·mol−1[2]
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)  |

Related compounds

Other anions

| manganese trifluoride, manganese(III) acetate

Other cations

| chromium(III) oxide, iron(III) oxide

Related compounds

| manganese(II) oxide, manganese dioxide

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Manganese(III) oxide is a chemical compound with the formula Mn2O3. It occurs in nature as the mineral bixbyite (recently changed to bixbyite-(Mn)[3][4]) and is used in the production of ferrites and thermistors.

## Preparation and chemistry

Heating MnO2 in air at below 800 °C produces α-Mn2O3 (higher temperatures produce Mn3O4).[5] γ-Mn2O3 can be produced by oxidation followed by dehydration of manganese(II) hydroxide.[5] Many preparations of nano-crystalline Mn2O3 have been reported, for example syntheses involving oxidation of MnII salts or reduction of MnO2.[6][7][8]

Manganese(III) oxide is formed by the redox reaction in an alkaline cell:

2 MnO2 \+ Zn → Mn2O3 \+ ZnO[citation needed]

Manganese(III) oxide Mn2O3 must not be confused with MnOOH manganese(III) oxyhydroxide. Contrary to Mn2O3, MnOOH is a compound that decomposes at about 300 °C to form MnO2.[9]

## Structure

Mn2O3 is unlike many other transition metal oxides in that it does not adopt the corundum (Al2O3) structure.[5] Two forms are generally recognized, α-Mn2O3 and γ-Mn2O3,[10] although a high pressure form with the CaIrO3 structure has been reported too.[11]

α-Mn2O3 has the cubic bixbyite structure, which is an example of a C-type rare earth sesquioxide (Pearson symbol cI80, space group Ia3, #206). The bixbyite structure has been found to be stabilised by the presence of small amounts of Fe3+, pure Mn2O3 has an orthorhombic structure (Pearson symbol oP24, space group Pbca, #61).[12] α-Mn2O3 undergoes antiferromagnetic transition at 80 K. [13]

γ-Mn2O3 has a structure related to the spinel structure of Mn3O4 where the oxide ions are cubic close packed. This is similar to the relationship between γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4.[10] γ-Mn2O3 is ferrimagnetic with a Néel temperature of 39 K.[14]

ε-Mn2O3 takes on a rhombohedral ilmenite structure (the first binary compound known to do so), wherein the manganese cations divided equally into oxidation states 2+ and 4+. ε-Mn2O3 is antiferromagnetic with a Néel temperature of 210 K.[15]

## References

1. ↑ Chandiran, Kalaiselvi; Murugesan, Ramesh Aravind; Balaji, Revathi; Andrews, Nirmala Grace; Pitchaimuthu, Sudhagar; Nagamuthu Raja, Krishna Chandar (2020-07-03). "Long single crystalline α-Mn2O3 nanorods: facile synthesis and photocatalytic application". Materials Research Express (IOP Publishing) 7 (7): 074001. doi:10.1088/2053-1591/ab9fbd. ISSN 2053-1591.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed.. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A22. ISBN 978-0-618-94690-7.
3. ↑ "Bixbyite-(Mn)". https://www.mindat.org/min-691.html.
4. ↑ IMA 21-H: Redefinition of bixbyite and definition of bixbyite-(Fe) and bixbyite-(Mn). CNMNC Newsletter, 64, 2021; Mineralogical Magazine, 85, 2021).
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 1049. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
6. ↑ Shuijin Lei; Kaibin Tang; Zhen Fang; Qiangchun Liu; Huagui Zheng (2006). "Preparation of α-Mn2O3 and MnO from thermal decomposition of MnCO3 and control of morphology". Materials Letters 60: 53. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2005.07.070.
7. ↑ Zhong-Yong Yuan; Tie-Zhen Ren; Gaohui Du; Bao-Lian Su (2004). "A facile preparation of single-crystalline α-Mn2O3 nanorods by ammonia-hydrothermal treatment of MnO2". Chemical Physics Letters 389 (1–3): 83. doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2004.03.064.
8. ↑ Navin Chandra; Sanjeev Bhasin; Meenakshi Sharma; Deepti Pal (2007). "A room temperature process for making Mn2O3 nano-particles and γ-MnOOH nano-rods". Materials Letters 61 (17): 3728. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2006.12.024.
9. ↑ Thomas Kohler; Thomas Armbruster; Eugen Libowitzky (1997). "Hydrogen Bonding and Jahn-Teller Distortion in Groutite,α-MnOOH, and Manganite,γ-MnOOH, and Their Relations to the Manganese Dioxides Ramsdellite and Pyrolusite". Journal of Solid State Chemistry 133 (2): 486–500. doi:10.1006/jssc.1997.7516.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Wells A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry 5th edition Oxford Science Publications ISBN 0-19-855370-6
11. ↑ High Pressure Phase transition in Mn2O3 to the CaIrO3-type Phase Santillan, J.; Shim, S. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2005, abstract #MR23B-0050
12. ↑ Geller S. (1971). "Structure of α-Mn2O3, (Mn0.983Fe0.017)2O3 and (Mn0.37Fe0.63)2O3 and relation to magnetic ordering". Acta Crystallogr B 27 (4): 821. doi:10.1107/S0567740871002966.
13. ↑ Geller S. (1970). "Magnetic and Crystallographic Transitions in Sc+, Cr+, and Ga+ Substituted Mn2O3". Physical Review B 1 (9): 3763. doi:10.1103/physrevb.1.3763.
14. ↑ Kim S. H; Choi B. J; Lee G.H.; Oh S. J.; Kim B.; Choi H. C.; Park J; Chang Y. (2005). "Ferrimagnetism in γ-Manganese Sesquioxide (γ−Mn2O3) Nanoparticles". Journal of the Korean Physical Society 46 (4): 941.
15. ↑ Ovsyannikov, Sergey V.; Tsirlin, Alexander A.; Korobeynikov, Igor V.; Morozova, Natalia V.; Aslandukova, Alena A.; Steinle-Neumann, Gerd; Chariton, Stella; Khandarkhaeva, Saiana et al. (2021-09-06). "Synthesis of Ilmenite-type ε-Mn 2 O 3 and Its Properties" (in en). Inorganic Chemistry 60 (17): 13348–13358. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01666. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 34415155. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01666.

* v
* t
* e

Manganese compounds

* MnO
* Mn3O4
* Mn5O8
* MnS
* MnS2
* MnSO4
* MnSe2
* MnSe
* MnTe
* Mn(NO3)2
* MnCO3
* MnCl2
* MnCl3
* MnCl4
* MnF2
* MnBr2
* MnI2
* MnTiO3
* MnMoO4
* Mn(CH3COO)2
* Mn2O3
* MnF3
* K6Mn2O6
* MnO2
* Mn(OH)2
* MnO3
* K3MnO4
* MnF4
* Na2MnO4
* K2MnO4
* Mn2O7
* NaMnO4
* KMnO4
* NH4MnO4
* AgMnO4
* Ca(MnO4)2
* Ba(MnO4)2
* MnH(CO)5
* Mn2(CO)10

* v
* t
* e

Oxides

Mixed oxidation states|

* Antimony tetroxide (Sb2O4)
* Cobalt(II,III) oxide (Co3O4)
* Europium(II,III) oxide (Eu3O4)
* Iron(II,III) oxide (Fe<sub>3O4)
* Lead(II,IV) oxide (Pb3O4)
* Manganese(II,III) oxide (Mn3O4)
* Silver(I,III) oxide (Ag2O2)
* Triuranium octoxide (U3O8)
* Carbon suboxide (C3O2)
* Mellitic anhydride (C12O9)
* [[Chemistry:Praseodymium(III,IV) Praseodymium(III,IV) oxide]] (Pr6O11)
* Terbium(III,IV) oxide (Tb4O7)

+1 oxidation state|

* Copper(I) oxide (Cu<sub>2O)
* Caesium oxide (Cs2O)
* Dicarbon monoxide (C2O)
* Dichlorine monoxide (Cl2O)
* Gallium(I) oxide (Ga2O)
* Lithium oxide (Li2O)
* Potassium oxide (K2O)
* Rubidium oxide (Rb2O)
* Silver oxide (Ag2O)
* Thallium(I) oxide (Tl2O)
* Sodium oxide (Na2O)
* Water (hydrogen oxide) (H2O)

+2 oxidation state|

* Aluminium(II) oxide (AlO)
* Barium oxide (BaO)
* Beryllium oxide (BeO)
* Cadmium oxide (CdO)
* Calcium oxide (CaO)
* Carbon monoxide (CO)
* Chromium(II) oxide (CrO)
* Cobalt(II) oxide (CoO)
* Copper(II) oxide (CuO)
* Europium(II) oxide (EuO)
* Germanium monoxide (GeO))
* Iron(II) oxide (FeO)
* Lead(II) oxide (PbO)
* Magnesium oxide (MgO)
* Manganese(II) oxide (MnO)
* Mercury(II) oxide (HgO)
* Nickel(II) oxide (NiO)
* Nitric oxide (NO)
* Palladium(II) oxide (PdO)
* Silicon monoxide (SiO)
* Strontium oxide (SrO)
* Sulfur monoxide (SO)
* Disulfur dioxide (S2O2)
* Thorium monoxide (ThO)
* Tin(II) oxide (SnO)
* Titanium(II) oxide (TiO)
* Vanadium(II) oxide (VO)
* Zinc oxide (ZnO)

+3 oxidation state|

* Aluminium oxide (Al<sub>2O3)
* Antimony trioxide (Sb2O3)
* Arsenic trioxide (As2O3)
* Bismuth(III) oxide (Bi2O3)
* Boron trioxide (B2O3)
* Cerium(III) oxide (Ce2O3)
* Dibromine trioxide (Br2O3)
* Chromium(III) oxide (Cr2O3)
* Dinitrogen trioxide (N2O3)
* Dysprosium(III) oxide (Dy2O3)
* Erbium(III) oxide (Er2O3)
* Europium(III) oxide (Eu2O3)
* Gadolinium(III) oxide (Gd2O3)
* Gallium(III) oxide (Ga2O3)
* Holmium(III) oxide (Ho2O3)
* Indium(III) oxide (In<sub>2O3)
* Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)
* Lanthanum oxide (La2O3)
* Lutetium(III) oxide (Lu2O3)
* Manganese(III) oxide (Mn2O3)
* Neodymium(III) oxide (Nd2O3)
* Nickel(III) oxide (Ni2O3)
* Phosphorus trioxide (P4O6)
* Praseodymium(III) oxide (Pr2O3)
* Promethium(III) oxide (Pm2O3)
* Rhodium(III) oxide (Rh2O3)
* [[Chemistry:Samarium(III) Samarium(III) oxide]] (Sm2O3)
* Scandium oxide (Sc2O3)
* Terbium(III) oxide (Tb2O3)
* Thallium(III) oxide (Tl2O3)
* Thulium(III) oxide (Tm2O3)
* Titanium(III) oxide (Ti2O3)
* Tungsten(III) oxide (W2O3)
* Vanadium(III) oxide (V2O3)
* Ytterbium(III) oxide (Yb2O3)
* Yttrium(III) oxide (Y2O3)

+4 oxidation state|

* Americium dioxide (AmO2)
* Carbon dioxide (CO2)
* Carbon trioxide (CO3)
* Cerium(IV) oxide (CeO2)
* Chlorine dioxide (ClO2)
* Chromium(IV) oxide (CrO<sub>2)
* Dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4)
* Germanium dioxide (GeO<sub>2)
* [[Chemistry:Hafnium(IV) Hafnium(IV) oxide]] (HfO2)
* Lead dioxide (PbO2)
* Manganese dioxide (MnO2)
* Neptunium(IV) oxide (NpO2)
* Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
* Osmium dioxide (OsO2)
* Plutonium(IV) oxide (PuO2)
* Praseodymium(IV) oxide (PrO2)
* Protactinium(IV) oxide (PaO2)
* Rhodium(IV) oxide (RhO2)
* Ruthenium(IV) oxide (RuO<sub>2)
* Selenium dioxide (SeO2)
* Silicon dioxide (SiO2)
* Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
* Tellurium dioxide (TeO<sub>2)
* [[Chemistry:Terbium(IV) Terbium(IV) oxide]] (TbO2)
* Thorium dioxide (ThO2)
* Tin dioxide (SnO2)
* Titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2)
* Tungsten(IV) oxide (WO2)
* Uranium dioxide (UO2)
* Vanadium(IV) oxide (VO2)
* Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

+5 oxidation state|

* Antimony pentoxide (Sb2O5)
* Arsenic pentoxide (As2O5)
* Dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5)
* Niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5)
* Phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5)
* Protactinium(V) oxide (Pa2O5)
* Tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5)
* Vanadium(V) oxide (V2O5)

+6 oxidation state|

* Chromium trioxide (CrO3)
* Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3)
* Rhenium trioxide (ReO3)
* Selenium trioxide (SeO3)
* Sulfur trioxide (SO3)
* Tellurium trioxide (TeO3)
* Tungsten trioxide (WO3)
* Uranium trioxide (UO3)
* Xenon trioxide (XeO3)
* Iridium trioxide (IrO3)

+7 oxidation state|

* Dichlorine heptoxide (Cl2O7)
* Manganese heptoxide (Mn2O7)
* [[Chemistry:Rhenium(VII) Rhenium(VII) oxide]] (Re2O7)
* Technetium(VII) oxide (Tc2O7)

+8 oxidation state|

* Osmium tetroxide (OsO4)
* Ruthenium tetroxide (RuO4)
* Xenon tetroxide (XeO4)
* Iridium tetroxide (IrO4)
* Hassium tetroxide (HsO4)

Related|

* Oxocarbon
* Suboxide
* Oxyanion
* Ozonide
* Peroxide
* Superoxide

Oxides are sorted by oxidation state. Category:Oxides

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