GPR4

Short description: Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Generic protein structure example

G-protein coupled receptor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR4 gene.[1][2]

## See also

* Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors

## References

1. ↑ "Isolation of a novel G protein-coupled receptor (GPR4) localized to chromosome 19q13.3". Genomics 30 (1): 84–8. Apr 1996. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.0013. PMID 8595909.
2. ↑ "Entrez Gene: GPR4 G protein-coupled receptor 4". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2828.

## Further reading

* "Cloning, sequencing and tissue distribution of two related G protein-coupled receptor candidates expressed prominently in human lung tissue.". FEBS Lett. 375 (1–2): 121–4. 1996. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(95)01196-L. PMID 7498459.
* Heiber M; Docherty JM; Shah G; Nguyen, Tuan; Cheng, Regina; Heng, Henry H.Q.; Marchese, Adriano; Tsui, LAP-Chee et al. (1995). "Isolation of three novel human genes encoding G protein-coupled receptors". DNA Cell Biol. 14 (1): 25–35. doi:10.1089/dna.1995.14.25. PMID 7832990.
* Strausberg RL; Feingold EA; Grouse LH; Derge, JG; Klausner, RD; Collins, FS; Wagner, L; Shenmen, CM et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932. Bibcode: 2002PNAS...9916899M.
* Lum H; Qiao J; Walter RJ; Huang, F; Subbaiah, PV; Kim, KS; Holian, O (2003). "Inflammatory stress increases receptor for lysophosphatidylcholine in human microvascular endothelial cells". Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 285 (4): H1786–9. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00359.2003. PMID 12805023.
* Ludwig MG; Vanek M; Guerini D; Gasser, Jürg A.; Jones, Carol E.; Junker, Uwe; Hofstetter, Hans; Wolf, Romain M. et al. (2003). "Proton-sensing G-protein-coupled receptors". Nature 425 (6953): 93–8. doi:10.1038/nature01905. PMID 12955148. Bibcode: 2003Natur.425...93L.
* Bektas M; Barak LS; Jolly PS; Liu, Hong; Lynch, Kevin R.; Lacana, Emanuela; Suhr, Ki-Beom; Milstien, Sheldon et al. (2003). "The G protein-coupled receptor GPR4 suppresses ERK activation in a ligand-independent manner". Biochemistry 42 (42): 12181–91. doi:10.1021/bi035051y. PMID 14567679.
* Sin WC; Zhang Y; Zhong W; Adhikarakunnathu, Sree; Powers, Scott; Hoey, Tim; An, Songzhu; Yang, Jianxin (2004). "G protein-coupled receptors GPR4 and TDAG8 are oncogenic and overexpressed in human cancers". Oncogene 23 (37): 6299–303. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1207838. PMID 15221007.
* Gerhard DS; Wagner L; Feingold EA; Shenmen, CM; Grouse, LH; Schuler, G; Klein, SL; Old, S et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMID 15489334.
* Kim KS; Ren J; Jiang Y; Ebrahem, Q; Tipps, R; Cristina, K; Xiao, YJ; Qiao, J et al. (2005). "GPR4 plays a critical role in endothelial cell function and mediates the effects of sphingosylphosphorylcholine". FASEB J. 19 (7): 819–21. doi:10.1096/fj.04-2988fje. PMID 15857892.
* Qiao J; Huang F; Naikawadi RP; Kim, KS; Said, T; Lum, H (2006). "Lysophosphatidylcholine impairs endothelial barrier function through the G protein-coupled receptor GPR4". Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 291 (1): L91–101. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00508.2005. PMID 16461426.
* Huang F; Mehta D; Predescu S; Kim, Kwang; Lum, Hazel (2007). "A novel lysophospholipid- and pH-sensitive receptor, GPR4, in brain endothelial cells regulates monocyte transmigration". Endothelium 14 (1): 25–34. doi:10.1080/10623320601177288. PMID 17364894.
* Zou Y; Kim CH; Chung JH; Kim, Ji Y.; Chung, Sang W.; Kim, Mi K.; Im, Dong S.; Lee, Jaewon et al. (2007). "Upregulation of endothelial adhesion molecules by lysophosphatidylcholine. Involvement of G protein-coupled receptor GPR4". FEBS J. 274 (10): 2573–84. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05792.x. PMID 17437524.
* Tobo M; Tomura H; Mogi C; Wang, J; Liu, J; Komachi, M; Damirin, A; Kimura, T et al. (2007). "Previously postulated "ligand-independent" signaling of GPR4 is mediated through proton-sensing mechanisms". Cell. Signal. 19 (8): 1745–53. doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.03.009. PMID 17462861.

* v
* t
* e

Cell surface receptor: G protein-coupled receptors

Class A: Rhodopsin-like

| Neurotransmitter|

| Adrenergic|

* α1 (A
* B
* D)
* α2 (A
* B
* C)
* β1
* β2
* β3

|

Purinergic|

* Adenosine (A1
* A2A
* A2B
* A3)
* P2Y (1
* 2
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14)

Serotonin|

* (all but 5-HT3) 5-HT1 (A
* B
* D
* E
* F)
* 5-HT2 (A
* B
* C)
* 5-HT (4
* 5A
* 6
* 7)

Other|

* Acetylcholine (M1
* M2
* M3
* M4
* M5)
* Dopamine
* D1
* D2
* D3
* D4
* D5
* GHB receptor
* Histamine
* H1
* H2
* H3
* H4
* Melatonin (1A
* 1B
* 1C)
* TAAR (1
* 2
* 5
* 6
* 8
* 9)

Metabolites and
signaling molecules|

| Eicosanoid|

* CysLT (1
* 2)
* LTB4
* 1
* 2
* FPRL1
* OXE
* Prostaglandin
* DP (1
* 2), EP (1
* 2
* 3
* 4), FP
* Prostacyclin
* Thromboxane

|

Other|

* Bile acid
* Cannabinoid (CB1
* CB2, GPR (18
* 55
* 119))
* EBI2
* Estrogen
* Free fatty acid (1
* 2
* 3
* 4)
* Hydroxycarboxylic acids
* 1
* 2
* 3
* Lysophosphatidic acid (1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6)
* Lysophospholipid (1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8)
* Oxoglutarate
* PAF
* Sphingosine-1-phosphate (1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5)
* Succinate

Peptide|

| Neuropeptide|

* B/W (1
* 2)
* FF (1
* 2)
* S
* Y (1
* 2
* 4
* 5)
* Neuromedin (B
* U (1
* 2))
* Neurotensin (1
* 2)

|

Other|

* Anaphylatoxin (C3a
* C5a)
* Angiotensin (1
* 2)
* Apelin
* Bombesin
* BRS3
* GRPR
* NMBR)
* Bradykinin (B1
* B2)
* Chemokine
* Cholecystokinin (A
* B)
* Endothelin
* A
* B
* Formyl peptide (1
* 2
* 3)
* FSH
* Galanin (1
* 2
* 3)
* Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1
* 2)
* Ghrelin
* Kisspeptin
* Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin
* MAS (1
* 1L
* D
* E
* F
* G
* X1
* X2
* X3
* X4)
* Melanocortin (1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5)
* MCHR (1
* 2)
* Motilin
* Opioid (Delta
* Kappa
* Mu
* Nociceptin & Zeta, but not Sigma)
* Orexin (1
* 2)
* Oxytocin
* Prokineticin (1
* 2)
* Prolactin-releasing peptide
* Relaxin (1
* 2
* 3
* 4)
* Somatostatin (1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5)
* Tachykinin (1
* 2
* 3)
* Thyrotropin
* Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
* Urotensin-II
* Vasopressin (1A
* 1B
* 2)

Miscellaneous|

| Taste, bitter|

* TAS2R
* 1
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 13
* 14
* 16
* 19
* 20
* 30
* 31
* 38
* 39
* 40
* 41
* 42
* 43
* 45
* 46
* 50
* 60
* Vomeronasal receptor type 1

|

Orphan|

* GPR (1
* 3
* 4
* 6
* 12
* 15
* 17
* 18
* 19
* 20
* 21
* 22
* 23
* 25
* 26
* 27
* 31
* 32
* 33
* 34
* 35
* 37
* 39
* 42
* 44
* 45
* 50
* 52
* 55
* 61
* 62
* 63
* 65
* 68
* 75
* 77
* 78
* 81
* 82
* 83
* 84
* 85
* 87
* 88
* 92
* 101
* 103
* 109A
* 109B
* 119
* 120
* 132
* 135
* 137B
* 139
* 141
* 142
* 146
* 148
* 149
* 150
* 151
* 152
* 153
* 160
* 161
* 162
* 171
* 173
* 174
* 176
* 177
* 182
* 183)

Other|

* Adrenomedullin
* Olfactory
* Opsin (3
* 4
* 5
* 1LW
* 1MW
* 1SW
* RGR
* RRH)
* Protease-activated (1
* 2
* 3
* 4)
* SREB (1
* 2
* 3)

Class B: Secretin-like

| Adhesion|

* ADGRG (1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7)

|

Orphan|

* GPR (56
* 64
* 97
* 98
* 110
* 111
* 112
* 113
* 114
* 115
* 116
* 123
* 124
* 125
* 126
* 128
* 133
* 143
* 144
* 155
* 157)

Other|

* Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (1
* 2
* 3)
* Cadherin (1
* 2
* 3)
* Calcitonin
* CALCRL
* CD97
* Corticotropin-releasing hormone (1
* 2)
* EMR (1
* 2
* 3)
* Glucagon (GR
* GIPR
* GLP1R
* GLP2R)
* Growth-hormone-releasing hormone
* PACAPR1
* GPR
* Latrophilin (1
* 2
* 3
* ELTD1)
* Methuselah-like proteins
* Parathyroid hormone (1
* 2)
* Secretin
* Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1
* 2)

Class C: Metabotropic glutamate / pheromone

| Taste, sweet|

* TAS1R
* 1
* 2
* 3
* Vomeronasal receptor, type 2

|

Other|

* Calcium-sensing receptor
* GABAB (1
* 2)
* Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8))
* GPRC6A
* GPR (156
* 158
* 179)
* RAIG (1
* 2
* 3
* 4)

Class F: Frizzled & Smoothened

| Frizzled|

* Frizzled (1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10)

|

Smoothened|

* Smoothened

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPR4. Read more

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