Cellulin

Cellulin or cellulin granules are a type of polysaccharide found exclusively within the oomyceteous fungi of the order Leptomitales.[1] Cellulin granules are composed of β-glucan and chitin. [2] The experimentally determined composition of cellulin is 39% glucan (composed of beta-1,3- and beta-1,6-linked glucose units) and 60% chitin.[3]

## Research

β-cellulin is a possible treatment to be able to repair corneal cells. At specific concentration of β-cellulin at 0.2, 2 and 20 ng/mL rapid repair was induced to corneal epithelial stem cells. During these concentrations β-cellulin promotes phosphorylation of erk1/2 signaling pathway in mice during cornea repair. To confirm this, the mutation of erk1/2 inhibited this pathway and slowed the repair of cornea cells in mice.[4]

By increasing the growth factors up to 60 ng/mL of β-FGF and EGF and up to 30 ng/mL of activin A/β-cellulin, the production of insulin producing cells increased. However increasing the concentration of the growth factors further, had no additional effect on the increase. This study can possibly be the insight for developing a new way to treat type-1 diabetes, which currently can only be treated with injection of insulin.[5]

Despite being produced in large quantities by pancreatic islet cells, β-cellulin, an epidermal growth factor, appears to have little relevance in regulating insulin production.[6]

## See also

* β-glucan
* Cellulose
* Chitin

## References

1. ↑ Bacic, Antony; Fincher, Geoffrey B.; Stone, Bruce A. (2009). Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Biology of 1-3 Beta Glucans and Related Polysaccharides. Academic Press. p. 408. ISBN 9780080920542. https://books.google.com/books?id=i3Jc8iZ6GHMC&pg=PA408. Retrieved 12 June 2017.
2. ↑ Huizar, H. Elaine; Aronson, Jerome M. (1986). "Aspects of Cellulin Deposition and Chitin Biosynthesis in the Leptomitaceae". Mycologia 78 (3): 489. doi:10.2307/3793057. ISSN 0027-5514. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3793057.
3. ↑ Lee, H. Y.; Aronson, J. M. (1975-03-10). "Composition of cellulin, the unique chitin-glucan granules of the fungus, Apodachlya sp". Archives of Microbiology 102 (3): 203–208. doi:10.1007/BF00428370. ISSN 0302-8933. PMID 1098598. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1098598/.
4. ↑ "β-cellulin promotes the proliferation of corneal epithelial stem cells through the phosphorylation of erk1/2". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 496 (2): 359–366. February 2018. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.054. PMID 29331377.
5. ↑ "A modified method of insulin producing cells' generation from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells". Journal of Diabetes Research 2014: 628591. 2014. doi:10.1155/2014/628591. PMID 25405207.
6. ↑ Kindmark, Ake Sjöholm Henrik (1999). "Short- and Long-Term Effects of β-Cellulin and Transforming Growth Factor-α on β-Cell Function in Cultured Fetal Rat Pancreatic Islets" (in en). Endocrine 11 (2): 189–194. doi:10.1385/ENDO:11:2:189. ISSN 0969-711X. http://link.springer.com/10.1385/ENDO:11:2:189.

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