Cadmium sulfate

Names
IUPAC name

Cadmium(II) sulfate

Other names

Sulfuric acid, cadmium salt (1:1),

Identifiers

CAS Number

* 10124-36-4 Y
* 7790-84-3 (octahydrate) N
* 13477-21-9 (tetrahydrate) N

3D model (JSmol)

* Interactive image

ChEBI |

* CHEBI:50292 Y
* CHEBI:86157 (octahydrate)

ChemSpider |

* 23335 Y

EC Number |

* 233-331-6

Gmelin Reference

| 8295

PubChem CID

* 24962 (anhydrous)
* 23618914 (tetrahydrate)
* 16211218 (octahydrate)

RTECS number |

* EV2700000

UNII |

* 947UNF3Z6O Y

UN number | 2570

InChI

* InChI=1S/Cd.H2O4S/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+2;/p-2 Y

Key: QCUOBSQYDGUHHT-UHFFFAOYSA-L Y

* InChI=1/Cd.H2O4S/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+2;/p-2

Key: QCUOBSQYDGUHHT-NUQVWONBAG

SMILES

* [Cd+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O

Properties

Chemical formula

* CdSO

* CdSO
4 * H2O (monohydrate)
* 3CdSO
4 * 8H2O (octahydrate)

Molar mass |

* 208.47 g/mol (anhydrous)
* 226.490 g/mol (monohydrate)
* 769.546 g/mol (octahydrate)

Appearance  | White hygroscopic solid
Odor | odorless
Density |

* 4.691 g/cm3 (anhydrous)
* 3.79 g/cm3 (monohydrate)
* 3.08 g/cm3 (octahydrate)[1]

Melting point |

* 1,000 °C (1,830 °F; 1,270 K) (anhydrous)
* 105 °C (221 °F; 378 K) (monohydrate, decomposes)
* 40 °C (104 °F; 313 K) (octahydrate, decomposes)

Solubility in water

*     * anhydrous:
* 75 g/100 mL (0 °C (32 °F; 273 K))
* 76.4 g/100 mL (25 °C (77 °F; 298 K))
* 58.4 g/100 mL (99 °C (210 °F; 372 K))

* * * *

*     * monohydrate:
* 76.7 g/100 mL (25 °C (77 °F; 298 K))

* * * *

*     * octahydrate:
* very soluble

Solubility in methanol | slightly soluble
Solubility in ethyl acetate | slightly soluble

Magnetic susceptibility (χ)

| −59.2×10−6 cm3/mol

Refractive index (nD)

| 1.565
Viscosity |

* 2.41 mPa·s (20 °C (68 °F; 293 K))
* 1.49 mPa·s (40 °C (104 °F; 313 K))

Structure

Crystal structure

* orthorhombic (anhydrous)
* monoclinic (mono & octahydrate)

Thermochemistry

Std molar
entropy (S ~~o~~ 298)

| 123 J⋅mol−1·K-1[2]

Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)

| −935 kJ⋅mol−1[2]
Hazards[4]
Safety data sheet |

* Fisher Scientific[3]
* Sigma-Aldrich[4]

GHS pictograms |
GHS Signal word | Danger

GHS hazard statements

| H301, H330, H340, H350, H360, H372, H410

GHS precautionary statements

| P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+310+330Script error: No such module "Preview warning".Category:GHS errors, P304+340+310, P308+313, P403+233, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)  |

[3]

Threshold limit value (TLV)

* 0.01 mg/m3 (total dust)
* 0.002 mg/m3 (respirable dust)

(TWA)
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):

LD50 (median dose)

| 107 mg/kg (oral, rat, analgous compound)

LC50 (median concentration)

| 0.75 mg/L (goldfish, analgous compound)
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):Template:Chembox NIOSH (set)/formatPocketGuideLink

PEL (Permissible)

| TWA 0.005 mg/m3 (as Cd)

REL (Recommended)

| TWA 0.005 mg/m3 (as Cd)

IDLH (Immediate danger)

| 9 mg/m3 (as Cd)
Related compounds

Other anions

* Cadmium acetate
* Cadmium chloride
* Cadmium nitrate

Other cations

* Zinc sulfate
* Calcium sulfate
* Magnesium sulfate

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Cadmium sulfate is the name of a series of related inorganic compounds with the formula CdSO
4 * xH
2O. The most common form is the monohydrate CdSO
4 * H2O, but two other forms are known: the octahydrate (3CdSO
4 * 8H2O) and the anhydrous salt (CdSO
4). All salts are colourless and highly soluble in water.

## Contents

* 1 Preparation
* 2 Applications
* 3 Structure
* 4 Occurrence
* 5 Safety
* 6 References

## Preparation

Cadmium sulfate hydrate can be prepared by the reaction of cadmium metal or its oxide or hydroxide with dilute sulfuric acid:[citation needed]

CdO + H
2SO
4 → CdSO
4 \+ H

Cd + H
2SO
4 → CdSO
4 \+ H

The anhydrous material can be prepared using sodium persulfate:[citation needed]

Cd + Na

8 → CdSO
4 \+ Na
2SO

## Applications

Cadmium sulfate is used widely for the electroplating of cadmium in electronic circuits. It is also a precursor to cadmium-based pigment such as cadmium sulfide. It is also used for electrolyte in a Weston standard cell as well as a pigment in fluorescent screens.[citation needed]

## Structure

Portion of structure of CdSO4 illustrating the distorted tetrahedral geometry at Cd (dark blue spheres).[5]

X-ray crystallography shows that CdSO
4 * H2O is a typical coordination polymer. Each Cd2+ center has octahedral coordination geometry, being surrounded by four oxygen centers provided by four sulfate ligands and two oxygen centers from the bridging water ligands.[6]

## Occurrence

Cadmium sulfates occur as the following rare minerals drobecite (CdSO
4 * 4H2O),[contradictory] voudourisite (monohydrate), and lazaridisite (the octahydrate).[citation needed]

## Safety

Cadmium sulfate (along with cadmium and its compounds) are classified as group 1 (human carcinogens) by IARC and have been identified as causing lung and prostate cancer as well as mutagenic effects in humans.[7]

## References

1. ↑ Lide, David R., ed (2006). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87th ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0487-3.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed.. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A21. ISBN 978-0-618-94690-7.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Safety Data Sheet - Cadmium Sulfate". ThermoFisher Scientific. 28 December 2021. p. 3. https://www.fishersci.com/store/msds?partNumber=AC447755000&productDescription=CADMIUM+SULFATE+ACS+REA+500GR&vendorId=VN00032119&countryCode=US&language=en.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Safety Data Sheet - Cadmium Sulfate". Sigma-Aldrich. 20 May 2025. https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/sds/sigald/383082?userType=anonymous.
5. ↑ Aurivillius, Karin; Stålhandske, Claes (1980). "A Reinvestigation of the Crystal Structures of HgSO4 and CdSO4". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials 153 (1–2): 121–129. doi:10.1524/zkri.1980.0011. Bibcode: 1980ZK....153..121A.
6. ↑ Theppitak, C.; Chainok, K. (2015). "Crystal Structure of CdSO4(H2O): A Redetermination"". Acta Crystallographica Section E 71 (10): i8–pi9. doi:10.1107/S2056989015016904. PMID 26594423.
7. ↑ "Cadmium". Beryllium, Cadmium, Mercury, and Exposures in the Glass Manufacturing Industry. Lyon, France: World Health Organization - International Agency for Research on Cancer. February 1993. p. 210. ISBN 92-832-1258-4. https://publications.iarc.who.int/_publications/media/download/1954/ed5ada49ff1536d1474abdb982ee69583dbf1bc2.pdf. Retrieved 21 October 2025.

* v
* t
* e

Cadmium compounds

Cadmium(I)|

* Cd2(AlCl4)2

Cadmium(II)|

* Cd(BF4)2
* CdF2
* CdCl2
* CdBr2
* CdI2
* Cd(CN)2
* CdH2
* CdO
* CdS
* CdSe
* CdTe
* Cd(OH)2
* Cd(NO3)2
* CdSO4
* CdWO4
* Cd3As2
* CsCdCl3
* CsCdBr3

* v
* t
* e

Compounds containing the sulfate group

H2SO4 |  |  |  | He

|
|
|
|

Li2SO4 | BeSO4 | B  | esters
ROSO3−
(RO)2SO2 | (NH4)2SO4
[N2H5]HSO4
(NH3OH)2SO4
NOHSO4 | HOSO4 | F  | Ne
Na2SO4
NaHSO4 | MgSO4 | Al2(SO4)3
Al2SO4(OAc)4 | Si  | P  | SO42−
HSO3HSO4
(HSO4)2 | Cl  | Ar
K2SO4
KHSO4 | CaSO4 | Sc2(SO4)3 | TiOSO4 | VSO4
V2(SO4)3
VOSO4 | CrSO4
Cr2(SO4)3 | MnSO4 | FeSO4
Fe2(SO4)3 | CoSO4 | NiSO4 | CuSO4
Cu2SO4
[Cu(NH3)4(H2O)]SO4 | ZnSO4 | Ga2(SO4)3 | Ge  | As  | Se  | Br  | Kr
RbHSO4
Rb2SO4 | SrSO4 | Y2(SO4)3 | Zr(SO4)2 | Nb  | Mo  | Tc  | Ru  | Rh2(SO4)3 | PdSO4 | Ag2SO4 | CdSO4 | In2(SO4)3 | SnSO4
Sn(SO4)2 | Sb2(SO4)3 | Te  | I  | Xe
Cs2SO4
CsHSO4 | BaSO4 |  | Hf  | Ta  | W  | Re  | Os  | Ir  | Pt  | AuSO4
Au2(SO4)3 | Hg2SO4
HgSO4 | Tl2SO4
Tl2(SO4)3 | PbSO4 | Bi2(SO4)3 | Po  | At  | Rn
Fr  | Ra  |  | Rf  | Db  | Sg  | Bh  | Hs  | Mt  | Ds  | Rg  | Cn  | Nh  | Fl  | Mc  | Lv  | Ts  | Og
| ↓  |  |
La  | Ce2(SO4)3
Ce(SO4)2 | Pr2(SO4)3 | Nd  | Pm  | Sm  | Eu  | Gd  | Tb  | Dy  | Ho  | Er  | Tm  | Yb2(SO4)3 | Lu
Ac  | Th  | Pa  | U(SO4)2
UO2SO4 | Np  | Pu  | Am  | Cm  | Bk  | Cf  | Es  | Fm  | Md  | No  | Lr

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*[CID]: Compound ID
*[H301]: Toxic if swallowed
*[H330]: Fatal if inhaled
*[H340]: May cause genetic defects
*[H350]: May cause cancer
*[H360]: May damage fertility or the unborn child
*[H372]: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
*[H410]: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
*[P201]: Obtain special instructions before use
*[P202]: Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood
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*[P273]: Avoid release to the environment
*[P280]: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection
*[P284]: Wear respiratory protection
*[P304+340+310]: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician
*[P308+313]: IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention
*[P403+233]: Store in a well ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed
*[P405]: Store locked up
*[P501]: Dispose of contents/container to …
*[mg/L]: milligrams per liter
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