Geophysics

Geophysics is the branch of the Earth sciences which is studies the physical pehenomena which are relevant to the structure, physical conditions and evolutionary history of the Earth as a whole.

Topics of interest include:

* Seismology - the study of earthquakes and the shock waves that they produce
* Gravity - the gravity field and rotation of the earth
* Magnetics - the magnetic field of the earth and how it varies in strength and orientation
* Temperature gradients and heat flow
* Electromagnetic effects
* Natural radioactivity
* Oceanography - the physical aspects of the world's seas and oceans
* Meteorology

Many of the techniques used in geophysics have commercial applications in geophysical prospecting for oil & gas, minerals and water.

Near-surface techniques have applications in archaeology and ennvironmental studies.