Strontium-89

Short description: Isotope of strontium

Strontium-89, 89SrGeneral

Symbol| 89Sr
Names| strontium-89, Sr-89
Protons| 38
Neutrons| 51
Nuclide data
Natural abundance| syn
Half-life| 50.57 d
Decay products| 89Y
Decay modes
Decay mode| Decay energy (MeV)
Beta decay| 1.492[1]
Isotopes of Chemistry:strontium
Complete table of nuclides

Strontium-89 (The element Chemistry:strontium does not exist.) is a radioactive isotope of strontium produced by nuclear fission, with a half-life of 50.57 days. It undergoes β− decay into yttrium-89. Strontium-89 has an application in medicine.[2]

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Physiological effects and medical use
* 3 See also
* 4 References

## History

Strontium-89 was first synthesized in 1937 by D. W. Stewart et al. at the University of Michigan; it was synthesized via irradiation of stable strontium (88Sr) with deuterons.[3] Biological properties and applications of strontium-89 were studied for the first time by Belgian scientist Charles Pecher.[4][5] Pecher filed a patent in May 1941 for the synthesis of strontium-89 and yttrium-86 using cyclotrons, and described the therapeutic use of strontium.[6]

## Physiological effects and medical use

Metastron, a preparation of strontium-89 chloride made by GE Healthcare and used for purposes such as prostate cancer treatment.[7]

Strontium belongs to the same periodic family as calcium (alkaline earth metals), and is metabolised in a similar fashion, preferentially targeting metabolically active regions of the bone. 89Sr is an artificial radioisotope used in the treatment of osseous (bony) metastases of bone cancer.[8][9]

In circumstances where cancer patients have widespread and painful bony metastases, the administration of 89Sr results in the delivery of beta particles directly to the area of bony problem, where calcium turnover is greatest.[10] Consequently, intravenous or intracavity administration of 89Sr may be helpful in the palliation of painful bony metastases, as it allows radiation to be targeted at metastatic lesions, inducing apoptosis of cells, membrane and protein damage. Subsequently, bone pain resulting from cytokine release at the site of lesions, bone-associated nerve compression and stretching of the periosteum may be reduced. Treatment with 89Sr has been particularly effective in patients with hormonally-resistant prostate cancer, often leading to a decreased requirement for opioid analgesics, an increase in time until further radiation is needed, and a decrease in tumour markers.

## See also

* Isotopes of strontium
* Alpharadin, radium-223 with similar clinical use

## References

1. ↑ Delacroix, D.; Guerre, J. P.; Leblanc, P.; Hickman, C. (1 January 2002). "Radionuclide and Radiation Protection Data Handbook 2002". Radiation Protection Dosimetry 98 (1): 79. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006705. PMID 11916063.
2. ↑ Audi, Georges; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik; Thibault, Catherne; Blachot, Jean; Bersillon, Olivier (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties". Nuclear Physics A 729 (1): 3–128. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. Bibcode: 2003NuPhA.729....3A. http://amdc.in2p3.fr/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf.
3. ↑ Parker, A. M.; Thoennessen, M. (2012). "Discovery of rubidium, strontium, molybdenum, and rhodium isotopes". Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables 98 (4): 812–831. doi:10.1016/j.adt.2012.06.001.
4. ↑ Pecher, Charles (1941). "Biological Investigations with Radioactive Calcium and Strontium" (in en). Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 46 (1): 86–91. doi:10.3181/00379727-46-11899. ISSN 0037-9727.
5. ↑ Pecher, Charles (1942) (in en). Biological investigations with radioactive calcium and strontium; preliminary report on the use of radioactive strontium in the treatment of metastatic bone cancer. 2. University of California Publications in Pharmacology. pp. 117–150. OCLC 7837554.
6. ↑ , Charles"Material and method for radiography" US patent 2302470, published 1941-05-14
7. ↑ "Strontium 89 (Metastron) treatment". NHS. http://www.uhb.nhs.uk/metastron-treatment.htm.
8. ↑ Halperin, Edward C.; Perez, Carlos A.; Brady, Luther W. (2008). Perez and Brady's principles and practice of radiation oncology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 1997–. ISBN 978-0-7817-6369-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=NyeE6-aKnSYC&pg=PA1997. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
9. ↑ Bauman, Glenn; Charette, Manya; Reid, Robert; Sathya, Jinka (2005). "Radiopharmaceuticals for the palliation of painful bone metastases—a systematic review". Radiotherapy and Oncology 75 (3): 258.E1–258.E13. doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2005.03.003. ISSN 0167-8140. PMID 16299924.
10. ↑ Mertens, W. C.; Filipczak, L. A.; Ben-Josef, E.; Davis, L. P.; Porter, A. T. (1998). "Systemic bone-seeking radionuclides for palliation of painful osseous metastases: current concepts". CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 48 (6): 361–374. doi:10.3322/canjclin.48.6.361. ISSN 0007-9235. PMID 9838899.

* v
* t
* e

Radiation oncology

* (ICD-9-CM V3 92.2-92.3
* ICD-10-PCS D)

Specific
therapies

| Teletherapy1|

| by photon|

* Superficial X-rays
* Orthovoltage X-rays
* Megavoltage X-rays
* Radiosurgery / Stereotactic radiation therapy
* Cyberknife
* Gamma Knife
* Cobalt therapy

|

by electron|

* Electron therapy

by hadron|

* Particle therapy
* fast neutron
* neutron-capture
* proton

Brachytherapy2|

* Prostate
* 125I
* 103Pd
* Plaque radiotherapy (125I)
* Selective internal radiation therapy / SIR-Spheres / TheraSphere (90Y)

Unsealed source
radiotherapy3

* Iobenguane (131I)
* 90Y
* Lexidronam (153Sm)
* 89Sr
* Radioimmunotherapy
* ibritumomab tiuxetan

Other|

* Intraoperative radiation therapy
* electron
* TARGIT
* Tomotherapy

Conditions|

* Radiation burn
* Radiation proctitis
* Radiation-induced lung injury

Features and
equipment

* BEAMnrc
* Bolus
* Bragg peak
* D50
* Dose profile
* Dose verification system
* Dose-volume histogram
* Dosimetry
* Isocenter
* Mobetron
* Monitor unit
* Multileaf collimator
* Nanoimpellers
* Neutron generator
* Oxygen enhancement ratio
* Pencil
* Pencil-beam scanning
* Percentage depth dose curve
* Radiation oncologist
* Radiation Therapist
* Radiation treatment planning
* Radiopharmacology
* Tissue to Air Ratio (TAR)

* 1 Also known as external-beam radiotherapy.
* 2 Also known as sealed-source radiation therapy.
* 3 Also known as systemic radioisotope therapy.

* v
* t
* e

Therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals (ATC: V10)

Pain palliation|

* 153Sm
* Lexidronam
* 89Sr (Strontium chloride)

Adrenergic tumors|

* 131I
* Iobenguane

CD20 antibodies|

* 90Y
* Ibritumomab tiuxetan
* 131I
* Tositumomab

Radionuclides|

| alpha emitters|

* 223Ra (Radium chloride)

|

beta emitters|

* 32P
* 89Sr
* 90Y
* 131I
* 153Sm
* 165Dy
* 169Er
* 177Lu (Oxodotreotide)
* 186Re
* 198Au

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