List of open clusters

Short description: None

The open cluster Messier 6 in the constellation Scorpius is also known as the Butterfly Cluster or NGC 6405

This is a list of open clusters located in the Milky Way. An open cluster is a gravitationally bound association of up to a few thousand stars that all formed from the same giant molecular cloud. There are over 1,000 known open clusters in the Milky Way galaxy, but the actual total may be up to ten times higher.[1] The estimated half-lives of clusters, after which half the original cluster members will have been lost, range from 150 million to 800 million years, depending on the original density.[2]

Cluster
identifier  |  |  | Constellation | Distance
(parsecs)  | Age
(Myr)  | Diameter  | Apparent
magnitude | Notes

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Epoch J2000
R. A.  | Dec.
Hyades |  04h 26.9m | +15° 52′ | Taurus | 47  | 625  | 330'  | 0.5  | [3]
Coma Star Cluster |  12h 22.5m | +25° 51′ | Coma Berenices | 86  | 400-500  | 120'  | 1.8  | [4]
Trapezium Cluster |  5h 35.4m | −05° 27′ | Orion | 412  | 0.3  | 0.783'  | 4.0  | [5]
Messier 6, Butterfly Cluster |  17h 40.1m | −32° 13′ | Scorpius  | 487  | 94  | 20'  | 4.2  | [1]
Messier 7 |  17h 53.8m | −34° 47′ | Scorpius | 280  | 224  | 80'  | 3.3  | [6][7]
Messier 11, Wild Duck Cluster |  18h 51.1m | −06° 16′ | Scutum  | 1,900  | 250  | 13'  | 5.8  | [1][7][8]
Messier 16, Eagle Nebula |  18h 18.8m | −13° 49′ | Serpens  | 1,800  | 1.3  | 6'  | 6.0  | [1]
Messier 18 |  18h 20.0m | −17° 06′ | Sagittarius  | 1,296  | 17  | 5'  | 6.9  | [1]
Messier 21 |  18h 04.2m | −22° 29′ | Sagittarius  | 1,205  | 12  | 14'  | 5.9  | [1]
Messier 23 |  17h 57.0m | −18° 59′ | Sagittarius  | 628  | 300  | 30'  | 5.5  | [1][7]
Messier 24 |  18h 17.0m | −18° 29′ | Sagittarius  | 3,070  | 220  | 90'  | 2.5  | [1][7]
Messier 25 |  18h 31.7m | −19° 07′ | Sagittarius | 620  | 92  | 30'  | 4.6  | [1]
Messier 26 |  18h 45.3m | −09° 23′ | Scutum | 1,600  | 85  | 7'  | 8.0  | [1]
Messier 34 |  02h 42.1m | +42° 46′ | Perseus  | 499  | 180  | 36'  | 5.2  | [1][7]
Messier 35 |  06h 09.1m | +24° 21′ | Gemini | 912  | 180  | 25'  | 5.0  | [9]
Messier 36 |  05h 36.2m | +34° 08′ | Auriga | 1,330  | 25  | 10'  | 6.0  | [1]
Messier 37 |  05h 52.3m | +32° 33′ | Auriga  | 1,400  | 347  | 14'  | 5.6  | [1]
Messier 38 |  05h 28.7m | +35° 51′ | Auriga  | 1,400  | 316  | 20'  | 6.4  | [1]
Messier 39 |  21h 31.8m | +48° 27′ | Cygnus | 311  | 280  | 30'  | 4.6  | [1][6]
Messier 41 |  06h 46.0m | −20° 46′ | Canis Major  | 710  | 240  | 40'  | 4.5  | [1][7]
Messier 44, Beehive Cluster |  08h 40.4m | +19° 41′ | Cancer | 187  | 830  | 70'  | 3.1  | [10][11]
Messier 45, Pleiades |  03h 47.4m | +24° 07′ | Taurus  | 136  | 125  | 120'  | 1.2  | [12]
Messier 46 |  07h 41.7m | −14° 49′ | Puppis  | 1,510  | 250  | 20'  | 6.1  | [1]
Messier 47 |  07h 36.6m | −14° 30′ | Puppis  | 490  | 73  | 25'  | 4.4  | [1]
Messier 48 |  08h 13.7m | −05° 45′ | Hydra | 770  | 400  | 30'  | 5.8  | [1]
Messier 50 |  07h 02.6m | −08° 23′ | Monoceros  | 1,000  | 130  | 14'  | 5.9  | [9]
Messier 52 |  23h 24.8m | +61° 35′ | Cassiopeia  | 1,400  | 160  | 15  | 6.9  | [1]
Messier 67 |  08h 51.3m | +11° 48′ | Cancer | 908  | 4,000  | 25'  | 6.9  | [1][7]
Messier 93 |  07h 44.6m | −23° 52′ | Puppis  | 1037  | 390  | 10'  | 6.2  | [1]
Messier 103 |  01h 33.4m | +60° 39′ | Cassiopeia  | 3,000  | 16  | 5'  | 7.4  | [13]
IC 2602, Southern Pleiades  |  10h 43.2m | −64° 24′ | Carina | 167  | 30  | 100'  | 1.9  | [14]
IC 2391, Omicron Velorum Cluster  |  08h 40.6m | −53° 02′ | Vela | 176  | 30  | 60'  | 2.5  | [14]
NGC 2451 A |  07h 45.4m | −37° 58′ | Puppis | 189  | 50  | 45'  | 2.8  | [6][15]
Alpha Persei Cluster |  03h 26.0m | +49° 07′ | Perseus | 172  | 50  | 300'  | 1.2  | [16]
Arp-Madore 2 |  07h 38.8m | −33° 51′ | Puppis  | 8,870  | 5,000  | 1.3'  |  | [17]
Blanco 1 |  00h 04.3m | −29° 56′ | Sculptor | 253  | 100  | 90'  | 4.5  | [14]
Hodge 301 |  05h 38.5m | −69° 04′ | Dorado | 51,400  | 25  | 0.5'  | 11  | [18][19]
Lambda Orionis Cluster |  05h 35m | +09° 56′ | Orion | 438  | 5  |  | 2.8  | [20]
Pi Puppis Cluster |  07h 08m | −37° 10′ | Puppis | 319  |  | 50'  | 2.1  | [21]
Melotte 186 |  18h 01.1m | +02° 54′ | Ophiuchus | 200  | 100  | 240'  | 3.0  | [22]
NGC 2070 |  05h 38.7m | −69° 06′ | Dorado  | 48,500  | 1.5  | 3.5'  | 7.25  | [23][24]
NGC 2232 |  06h 26.4m | −04° 45′ | Monoceros | 325  | 53  | 45'  | 3.9  | [1][6]
IC 4756 |  18h 39.0m | −05° 27′ | Serpens | 330  | 500  | 40'  | 4.6  | [1][6]
NGC 2516, Southern Beehive Cluster  |  07h 58.0m | −60° 48′ | Carina  | 346  | 141  | 30'  | 3.8  | [6][7]
IC 4665 |  17h 46.3m | +05° 43′ | Ophiuchus | 352  | 43  | 70'  | 4.2  | [1]
Trumpler 10 |  08h 47.8m | −42° 29′ | Vela  | 365  | 35  | 14'  | 4.6  | [1][6]
NGC 6633 |  18h 27.7m | +06° 34′ | Ophiuchus | 375  | 660  | 20'  | 4.6  | [25]
IC 348 |  03h 44.6m | +32° 10′ | Perseus  | 385  | 44  | 7'  | 7.3  | [1]
NGC 752 |  01h 57.7m | +37° 47′ | Andromeda | 400  | 1,700-2,000  | 75'  | 5.7  | [26]
NGC 3532, Wishing Well Cluster  |  11h 06.4m | −58° 40′ | Carina  | 405  | 316  | 50'  | 3.0  | [6][7]
Collinder 121  |  07h 08m | −37° 10′ | Canis Major | 600  |  | 50'  | 2.6  | [27]
Collinder 140 |  07h 24.5m | −31° 51′ | Canis Major | 410  | 35  | 42'  | 3.5  | [1][6]
Collinder 261  |  12h 38.0m | −68° 22′ | Musca  | 2,500  | 8,000  | 9'  | 10.7  | [28][29]
NGC 2547 |  08h 10.8m | −49° 18′ | Vela  | 433  | 38  | 25'  | 4.7  | [6]
NGC 6281 |  17h 04.7m | −37° 59′ | Scorpius  | 479  | 220  | 8'  | 5.4  | [1]
NGC 225 |  00h 43.6m | +61° 46′ | Cassiopeia | 657  | 130  | 12'  | 7.0  | [1]
NGC 5662 |  14h 35.6m | −56° 37′ | Centaurus | 666  | 70  | 30'  | 5.5  | [1][7]
NGC 5460 |  14h 07.4m | −48° 20′ | Centaurus | 678  | 160  | 36'  | 5.6  | [1][7]
NGC 189 |  00h 39.7m | +61° 04′ | Cassiopeia  | 752  | 10  | 3.7'  | 8.8  | [1]
NGC 6025 |  16h 03.3m | −60° 26′ | Triangulum Australe | 756  | 130  | 14'  | 5.1  | [1][7]
IC 5146 |  21h 53.5m | +47° 16′ | Cygnus  | 852  | 1  | 9'  | 7.2  | [1]
NGC 2301 |  06h 51.75m | +00° 28′ | Monoceros  | 858  | 165  | 12'  | 6.0  | [30]
IC 4651 |  17h 24.8m | −49° 56′ | Ara  | 888  | 1,900  | 10'  | 6.9  | [1][7]
NGC 6087, S Normae Cluster  |  16h 18.8m | −57° 56′ | Norma | 891  | 70  | 14'  | 5.4  | [1][7]
NGC 3114 |  10h 02.7m | −60° 07′ | Carina  | 911  | 124  | 36'  | 4.2  | [1]
NGC 2509 |  08h 00.7m | −19° 04′ | Puppis  | 912  | Uncertain[31] | 10'  | 9.3  | [32]
NGC 2264 |  06h 41.0m | +09° 53′ | Monoceros | 913  | 1.5  | 40'  | 3.9  | [33]
NGC 1502 |  04h 07.8m | +62° 20′ | Camelopardalis | 1,000  | 10  | 8'  | 5.7  | [1]
Berkeley 59 |  00h 04.0m | +68° 35′ | Cepheus | 1,000  | 2  | 180'  |  | [34]
NGC 2169 |  06h 08.4m | +13° 58′ | Orion | 1,052  | 12  | 5'  | 5.9  | [1]
NGC 6242 |  16h 55.6m | −39° 28′ | Scorpius  | 1,131  | 50  | 9'  | 6.4  | [1][7]
NGC 381 |  01h 08.3m | +61° 35′ | Cassiopeia  | 1,148  | 320  | 7'  | 9.3  | [1]
NGC 6204 |  16h 46.1m | −47° 01′ | Ara | 1,200  | 79  | 6'  | 8.2  | [1]
NGC 6231 |  16h 54.1m | −41° 50′ | Scorpius  | 1,243  | 6  | 14'  | 2.6  | [1][7]
NGC 2439 |  07h 40.8m | −31° 41′ | Puppis  | 1,300  | 25  | 9'  | 6.9  | [1][7]
NGC 6067 |  16h 13.2m | −54° 13′ | Norma  | 1,417  | 170  | 14'  | 5.6  | [1][7]
NGC 2362, Tau Canis Majoris Cluster  |  07h 18.6m | −24° 59′ | Canis Major  | 1,480  | 4–5  | 5'  | 4.1  | [35]
NGC 6756 |  19h 08.7m | +04° 42′ | Aquila | 1,507  | 62  | 4'  | 4.5  | [1]
NGC 6031 |  16h 07.9m | −54° 03′ | Norma  | 1,510  | 117  | 3'  | 8.5  | [1][36]
NGC 2175 |  06h 09.7m | +20° 29′ | Orion  | 1,627  | 8.9  | 5'  | 6.8  | [1]
NGC 188 |  00h 48.4m | +85° 15′ | Cepheus  | 1,660  | 6,600  | 17'  | 8.1  | [7][37]
NGC 2244 |  06h 31.9m | +04° 56′ | Monoceros  | 1,660  | 1.9  | 30'  | 4.8  | [1]
NGC 129 |  00h 30.0m | +60° 13′ | Cassiopeia  | 1,670  | 76  | 21′  | 6.5  | [38]
NGC 2360, Caroline's Cluster  |  07h 17.7m | −15° 38′ | Canis Major  | 1,887  | 1,000  | 13'  | 7.2  | [1][7]
NGC 6834 |  19h 52.2m | +29° 25′ | Cygnus  | 1,930  | 76  | 5'  | 7.8  | [1][36]
NGC 659 |  01h 44.4m | +60° 40′ | Cassiopeia  | 1,938  | 35  | 5'  | 7.9  | [1]
NGC 4755, Jewel Box |  12h 53.6m | −60° 22′ | Crux | 1,976  | 14  | 10'  | 4.2  | [1][7]
NGC 6200 |  16h 44.1m | −47° 28′ | Ara  | 2,056  | 8.5  | 12'  | 7.4  | [39]
NGC 869 |  02h 19.1m | +57° 09′ | Perseus  | 2,079  | 12  | 18'  | 3.7  | [1]
NGC 637 |  01h 43.0m | +64° 02′ | Cassiopeia  | 2,160  | 10  | 4.2'  | 8.2  | [1]
NGC 2355 |  07h 17.0m | +13° 47′ | Gemini  | 2,200  | 955  | 5'  | 9.7  | [1][7]
NGC 2129 |  06h 01.1m | +23° 19′ | Gemini  | 2,200  | 10  | 5'  | 6.7  | [1][40]
NGC 663 |  01h 46.1m | +61° 14′ | Cassiopeia  | 2,420  | 25  | 14'  | 7.1  | [1]
NGC 457 |  01h 19.1m | +58° 17′ | Cassiopeia  | 2,429  | 21  | 20'  | 6.4  | [41]
NGC 2204 |  06h 15.5m | −18° 40′ | Canis Major  | 2,629  | 787  | 13'  | 8.6  | [1]
NGC 884 |  02h 22.0m | +57° 08′ | Perseus  | 2,940  | 14  | 18'  | 3.8  | [1][7]
NGC 1931 |  05h 31.0m | +34° 15′ | Auriga  | 3,086  | 10  | 3'  | 10.1  | [1]
NGC 1980 |  5h 25.43m | −05° 54′ | Orion | 550  | 4.7  | 14'  | 2.5  | [42]
NGC 2158 |  06h 07.4m | +24° 06′ | Gemini  | 5,071  | 1,054  | 5'  | 8.6  | [1]
Teutsch 2  |  05h 41.4m | +39° 14′ | Auriga  | 5,700  | 900  | 2'  | 11  | [43]
NGC 6791 |  19h 20.9m | +37° 46′ | Lyra | 5,853  | 8,900  | 16'  | 9.5  | [1][7]
NGC 3293 |  10h 35.8m | −58° 13′ | Carina | 2,750  | 8  | 8'  | 4.7  |
NGC 3766, Pearl Cluster  |  11h 36.2m | −61° 37′ | Centaurus | 1745  | 14  | 12'  | 5.3  |
NGC 7419 |  22h 54.3m | +60° 48.9′ | Cepheus | 2,800  |  | 2'  | 13  |
NGC 7789, White Rose Cluster  |  23h 57.4m | +56° 43′ | Cassiopeia | 2,337  | 1,700  | 16'  | 6.7  | [44]
Gaia 1 |  06h 45.9m | −16° 45′ | Canis Major  | 4,600  | 6,300  | 13'  | 8.3  |
Ru 7  |  06h 58.9m | −13° 15′ | Canis Major  |  |  |  |  | [citation needed]

## See also

* Lists of astronomical objects
* List of globular clusters
* Lists of clusters

## References

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.34 1.35 1.36 1.37 1.38 1.39 1.40 1.41 1.42 1.43 1.44 1.45 1.46 1.47 1.48 1.49 1.50 1.51 1.52 1.53 1.54 1.55 1.56 1.57 1.58 1.59 1.60 1.61 1.62 1.63 Dias W.S.; Alessi B.S.; Moitinho A.; Lepine J.R.D. (July 2002). "New catalog of optically visible open clusters and candidates". Astronomy and Astrophysics 389 (3): 871–873. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020668. Bibcode: 2002A&A...389..871D. Note: see the VizieR catalogue B/ocl.
2. ↑ de La Fuente, M. R. (1998). "Dynamical Evolution of Open Star Clusters". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 110 (751): 1117. doi:10.1086/316220. Bibcode: 1998PASP..110.1117D.
3. ↑ Perryman, M.A.C. (1998). "The Hyades: distance, structure, dynamics, and age". Astronomy & Astrophysics 331: 81–120. Bibcode: 1998A&A...331...81P.
4. ↑ Casewell, S. L.; Jameson, R. F.; Dobbie, P. D. (January 2006). "New stellar members of the Coma Berenices open star cluster". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 365 (2): 447–453. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09689.x. Bibcode: 2006MNRAS.365..447C.
5. ↑ Reid, M. J. et al. (2009). "Trigonometric Parallaxes of Massive Star Forming Regions: VI. Galactic Structure, Fundamental Parameters and Non-Circular Motions". Astrophysical Journal 700 (1): 137–148. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/700/1/137. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...700..137R.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 Robichon, N. (2005). "Open clusters with Hipparcos. I. Mean astrometric parameters". Astronomy and Astrophysics 345: 471–484. Bibcode: 1999A&A...345..471R.
7. ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 7.20 7.21 7.22 7.23 Meynet, G.; Mermilliod, J.-C.; Maeder, A. (May 1993). "New dating of galactic open clusters". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series 98 (3): 477–504. Bibcode: 1993A&AS...98..477M.
8. ↑ Paunzen, E.; Pintado, O. I.; Maitzen, H. M. (December 2003). "CCD photometric search for peculiar stars in open clusters. V. NGC 2099, NGC 3114, NGC 6204, NGC 6705 and NGC 6756". Astronomy and Astrophysics 412 (3): 721–725. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20031065. Bibcode: 2003A&A...412..721P.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Kalirai, Jasonjot Singh; Fahlman, Gregory G.; Richer, Harvey B.; Ventura, Paolo (September 2003). "The CFHT Open Star Cluster Survey. IV. Two Rich, Young Open Star Clusters: NGC 2168 (M35) and NGC 2323 (M50)". The Astronomical Journal 126 (3): 1402–1414. doi:10.1086/377320. Bibcode: 2003AJ....126.1402K.
10. ↑ Pinfield, D. J. (July 2003). "Brown dwarfs and low-mass stars in the Pleiades and Praesepe: membership and binarity". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 342 (4): 1241–1259. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06630.x. Bibcode: 2003MNRAS.342.1241P.
11. ↑ "NGC 2632". http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?mescat.distance=on&Ident=@1110595&Name=NGC++2632&submit=display+selected+measurements#lab_meas.
12. ↑ Percival, S. M.; Salaris, M.; Groenewegen, M. A. T. (2005). "The distance to the Pleiades. Main sequence fitting in the near infrared". Astronomy and Astrophysics 429 (3): 887–894. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041694. Bibcode: 2005A&A...429..887P.
13. ↑ Sanner, J. (September 1999). "Photometric and kinematic studies of open star clusters. I. NGC 581 (M 103)". Astronomy and Astrophysics 349: 448–456. Bibcode: 1999A&A...349..448S.
14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Mermilliod, J.-C.; Turon, C.; Robichon, N.; Arenou, F.; Lebreton, Y. (May 13–16, 1997). "The Distance of the Pleiades and Nearby Clusters". Venice, Italy: ESA. Bibcode: 1997ESASP.402..643M.
15. ↑ Hünsch, M.; Weidner, C.; Schmitt, J. H. M. M. (May 2003). "An X-ray study of the open clusters NGC 2451 A and B". Astronomy and Astrophysics 402 (2): 571–586. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030268. Bibcode: 2003A&A...402..571H.
16. ↑ Basri, Gibor; Martín, Eduardo L. (January 1999). "The Mass and Age of Very Low Mass Members of the Open Cluster alpha Persei". The Astrophysical Journal 510 (1): 266–273. doi:10.1086/306564. Bibcode: 1999ApJ...510..266B.
17. ↑ Lee, Myung Gyoon (February 1997). "UBVI CCD Photometry of the Remote Old Open Cluster AM-2". Astronomical Journal 113: 729–739. doi:10.1086/118292. Bibcode: 1997AJ....113..729L.
18. ↑ "Hodge 301". The Hubble Heritage Project. NASA. April 1, 1999. http://heritage.stsci.edu/1999/12/fast_facts.html.
19. ↑ Grebel, Eva K.; Chu, You-Hua (February 2000). "Hubble Space Telescope Photometry of Hodge 301: An "Old" Star Cluster in 30 Doradus". The Astronomical Journal 119 (2): 787–799. doi:10.1086/301218. Bibcode: 2000AJ....119..787G.
20. ↑ "Cl Collinder 69". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=Cl+Collinder+69.
21. ↑ "Cl Collinder 135". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=Cl+Collinder+135.
22. ↑ "Cl Melotte 186". http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=Mel+186&submit=submit+id.
23. ↑ "NGC 2070". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=NGC+2070.
24. ↑ Høg, E.; Fabricius, C.; Makarov, V. V.; Urban, S.; Corbin, T.; Wycoff, G.; Bastian, U.; Schwekendiek, P. et al. (2000). The Tycho-2 catalogue of the 2.5 million brightest stars. 355. L27. doi:10.1888/0333750888/2862. ISBN 978-0333750889. Bibcode: 2000A&A...355L..27H.
25. ↑ van Leeuwen, F. (February 2013), "Parallaxes and proper motions for 20 open clusters as based on the new Hipparcos catalogue", Astronomy and Astrophysics 497 (1): 209–242, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200811382, Bibcode: 2009A&A...497..209V.
26. ↑ Giardino, G. (October 2008). "The X-ray luminosity of solar-mass stars in the intermediate age open cluster NGC 752". Astronomy and Astrophysics 490 (1): 113–123. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200810042. Bibcode: 2008A&A...490..113G.
27. ↑ "Cl Collinder 121". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=Cl+Collinder+121.
28. ↑ "Cl Collinder 261". http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?mescat.distance=on&Ident=@9920972&Name=Cl+Collinder++261&submit=display+selected+measurements#lab_meas.
29. ↑ Salaris, M; Weiss, A; Percival, S. M. (2004). "The age of the oldest Open Clusters". Astronomy & Astrophysics: 165–167. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2004/04/aah4736.pdf.
30. ↑ "SIMBAD Astronomical Database". Results for NGC 2301. http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=NGC+2301&submit=SIMBAD+search.
31. ↑ Carraro, G.; Costa, E. (March 2007). "Photometry of the five marginally studied open clusters Collinder 74, Berkeley 27, Haffner 8, NGC 2509, and VdB-Hagen 4". Astronomy and Astrophysics 464 (2): 573–580. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20066350. Bibcode: 2007A&A...464..573C.
32. ↑ Sujatha, S.; Babu, G. S. D. (2003). "Study of open cluster NGC 2509". Bulletin of the Astronomical Society of India 31: 9–18. Bibcode: 2003BASI...31....9S.
33. ↑ Baxter, Eric J. et al. (September 2009), "The Distance to NGC 2264", The Astronomical Journal 138 (3): 963–974, doi:10.1088/0004-6256/138/3/963, Bibcode: 2009AJ....138..963B.
34. ↑ Pandey, A. K. (January 2008). "Stellar contents and star formation in the young star cluster Be 59". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 383 (3): 1241–1258. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12641.x. Bibcode: 2008MNRAS.383.1241P.
35. ↑ Currie, Thayne (June 2009). "The Last Gasp of Gas Giant Planet Formation: A Spitzer Study of the 5 Myr Old Cluster NGC 2362". The Astrophysical Journal 698 (1): 1–27. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/698/1/1. Bibcode: 2009ApJ...698....1C.
36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Paunzen, E. (July 2006). "CCD photometric search for peculiar stars in open clusters. VII. Berkeley 11, Berkeley 94, Haffner 15, Lyngå 1, NGC 6031, NGC 6405, NGC 6834 and Ruprecht 130". Astronomy and Astrophysics 454 (1): 171–178. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20054628. Bibcode: 2006A&A...454..171P.
37. ↑ Bonatto, C.; Bica, E.; Santos, J. F. C., Jr. (April 2005). "Spatial dependence of 2MASS luminosity and mass functions in the old open cluster NGC 188". Astronomy and Astrophysics 433 (3): 917–929. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041113. Bibcode: 2005A&A...433..917B.
38. ↑ Turner, David G. et al. (September 1992). "Galactic clusters with associated Cepheid variables. II - NGC 129 and DL Cassiopeiae". Astronomical Journal 104 (3): 1132–1143. doi:10.1086/116302. Bibcode: 1992AJ....104.1132T. http://library2.smu.ca/handle/01/26682.
39. ↑ "open cluster NGC 6200". WEBDA. Universität Wien. http://www.univie.ac.at/webda/cgi-bin/ocl_page.cgi?dirname=ngc6200.
40. ↑ Carraro, Giovanni; Chaboyer, Brian; Perencevich, James (January 2006). "The young open cluster NGC 2129". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 365 (8): 867–873. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09762.x. Bibcode: 2006MNRAS.365..867C.
41. ↑ Frinchaboy, Peter M. (2008). "Open Clusters as Galactic Disk Tracers. I. Project Motivation, Cluster Membership, and Bulk Three-Dimensional Kinematics". The Astronomical Journal 136 (1): 118–145. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/136/1/118. Bibcode: 2008AJ....136..118F. See table I, p. 12.
42. ↑ "The open cluster NGC 1980". In the Sky. https://in-the-sky.org/data/object.php?id=NGC1980.
43. ↑ Bonatto, C.; Bica, E. (22 October 2010). "The wide variety of evolutionary stages among 34 unstudied Teutsch open clusters". Astronomy and Astrophysics 521: A74. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015222. Bibcode: 2010A&A...521A..74B.
44. ↑ Kharchenko, N. V; Piskunov, A. E; Röser, S; Schilbach, E; Scholz, R.-D (2005). "Astrophysical parameters of Galactic open clusters". Astronomy and Astrophysics 438 (3): 1163–1173. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042523. Bibcode: 2005A&A...438.1163K.

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Unbound|

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* Runaway star
* Hypervelocity star

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