Bourgeois pseudoscience

Short description: Soviet Communist concept

Bourgeois pseudoscience (Russian: буржуазная лженаука, burzhuaznaya lzhenauka) was a term of condemnation in the Soviet Union for certain scientific disciplines that were deemed unacceptable from an ideological point of view[1][2] theory of relativity, , geopolitics[3], sociology[4] and particular directions in comparative linguistics (the now-debunked Japhetic theory of Nikolay Yakovlevich Marr, which was also refuted by Stalin in "Marxism and Problems of Linguistics"). The term was not used by Stalin himself, who rejected the notion that all sciences must have a class nature. Stalin removed all mention of “bourgeois biology” from Trofim Lysenko’s report, The State of Biology in the Soviet Union, and in the margin next to the statement that “any science is based on class” Stalin wrote, “Ha-ha-ha!! And what about mathematics? Or Darwinism?”[5] The term or its synonyms was used in the 1951 and 1954 editions of the Short Philosophical Dictionary: "Cybernetic is a reactionary pseudoscience originated in the United States... A form of modern mechanicism.",[6] "Eugenics is a bourgeois pseudoscience",[7] "Weismannism-Morganism \- bourgeois pseudoscience, designed to justify capitalism".[8] Today, most scholars agree in characterizing eugenics as rooted in pseudoscience,[9][10] albeit without the "bourgeois" qualifier.

Psychology was declared a "bourgeois pseudoscience" in the People's Republic of China during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976).[11] Furthermore, sociology was banned there in 1952,[12] and it remained banned until the late 1970s.[13][14]

## See also

* Repression of science in the Soviet Union
* Cybernetics in the Soviet Union
* Censorship in the Soviet Union
* Soviet historiography
* Politicization of science

## Notes

## References

1. ↑ Loren R. Graham (2004) Science in Russia and the Soviet Union. A Short History. Series: Cambridge Studies in the History of Science. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-28789-0.
2. ↑ Mark Walker (2002) Science and Ideology. A Comparative History. Series: Routledge Studies in the History of Science, Technology and Medicine. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-27122-6.
3. ↑ Kolosov, Vladimir; Zotova, Maria; Turov, Nikita (25 June 2022). "Geopolitics and Political Geography in Russia". Regional Research of Russia 12 (1): 80-95. doi:10.1134/S2079970522020046.
4. ↑ Nedelmann, Birgitta, ed (1 August 1993). ""2.1 The Stalinist Social Order: Sociology as Bourgeois Pseudoscience" by Tomás Kolosi & Ivan Szelényi". Sociology in Europe: In Search of Identity (Reprint 2011 ed.). De Gruyter. ISBN 311013845X.
5. ↑ Liu, Yongsheng; Li, Baoyin; Wang, Qinglian (September 2009). "Science and politics". EMBO Reports 10 (9): 938–939. doi:10.1038/embor.2009.198. PMID 19721459.
6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `kitov`
7. ↑ "Евгеника". https://filslov.ru/130-evgenika.html.
8. ↑ "Вейсманизм - морганизм". https://filslov.ru/63-vejsmanizm-morganizm.html.
9. ↑ Worrall, Simon (24 July 2016). "The Gene: Science's Most Dangerous Idea". National Geographic. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/07/gene-history-siddhartha-mukherjee-science-eugenics/.
10. ↑ White, Susan (28 June 2017). "LibGuides: The Sociology of Science and Technology: Pseudoscience". Library of University of Princeton. http://libguides.princeton.edu/c.php?g=84711&p=4441670.
11. ↑ Wang, Zhong-Ming (January 1993). "Psychology in China: A Review Dedicated to Li Chen". Annual Review of Psychology 44 (1): 87–116. doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.44.020193.000511.
12. ↑ Feuchtwang, Stephan; Bruckermann, Charlotte (13 July 2016). Anthropology Of China, The: China As Ethnographic And Theoretical Critique. World Scientific Publishing Company. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-78326-985-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=A5VIDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA22.
13. ↑ Magazine, Contexts. "Sociology in China - Contexts" (in en). https://contexts.org/articles/sociology-in-china/.
14. ↑ Li, Cheng (1 October 2010). China's Emerging Middle Class: Beyond Economic Transformation. Brookings Institution Press. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-8157-0433-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=t06DB0lUAZUC&pg=PA62.

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Lysenkoism

Lysenkoists|

* Trofim Lysenko
* Nikita Khrushchev
* Joseph Stalin
* VASKhNIL

Dissidents|

* Wacław Gajewski
* Tan Jiazhen
* Georgii Karpechenko
* Zhores Medvedev
* Georgii Nadson
* Nikolai Vavilov

Concepts|

* Heredity
* Heritability
* Hybridization
* Inheritance of acquired characteristics
* Lamarckism
* Mendelian inheritance
* Vernalization

Soviet policies|

* Bourgeois pseudoscience
* Collectivization in the Soviet Union
* Pavlovian session
* Socialist realism
* Suppressed research in the Soviet Union
* Wrecking
* Politicization of science

* Book

* v
* t
* e

Pseudoscience

Terminology|

* Cargo cult science
* Charlatan
* Crank
* Fringe theory
* Fringe science
* Pseudoarchaeology
* Pseudohistory
* Junk science
* Paranormal
* Pathological science
* Quackery
* Snake oil
* Superseded scientific theory
* True-believer syndrome
* Voodoo Science

Topics
characterized as
pseudoscience|

* 2012 phenomenon
* Acupuncture
* Adrenal fatigue
* Alchemy
* Alternative medicine
* Ancient astronauts
* Anthroposophic medicine
* Applied kinesiology
* Aquatic ape hypothesis
* Astrology
* Bates method
* Biodynamic agriculture
* Bloodletting
* Body memory
* Catastrophism
* Chiropractic
* Chromotherapy
* Conspiracy theory
* 9/11 conspiracy theories
* Chemtrail conspiracy theory
* Climate change denial
* Moon landing conspiracy theories
* Conversion therapy
* Creation science
* Cryonics
* Cryptozoology
* Crystal healing
* Detoxification
* Colon cleansing
* Dianetics
* Doctrine of signatures
* Doktor Koster's Antigaspills
* Dowsing
* Ear candling
* Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
* Electronic voice phenomenon
* Eugenics
* Facilitated communication
* Feng shui
* Flat Earth theory
* Germ theory denialism
* Graphology
* HIV/AIDS denialism
* Hollow Earth theory
* Homeopathy
* Humorism
* Indigo children
* Intelligent design
* Japhetic theory
* Levitation
* Lunar effect
* Lysenkoism
* Magnet therapy
* Mediumship
* Naturopathy
* Nazi archaeology
* Nibiru cataclysm
* Numerology
* Orgone
* Palmistry
* Perpetual motion
* Phrenology
* Polygraph
* Primal therapy
* Pseudoarchaeology
* Pseudohistory
* Genocide denial
* Historical negationism
* Holocaust denial
* Pseudoscientific metrology
* Psychohistory
* Quantum mysticism
* Rapid prompting method
* Recovered-memory therapy
* Reiki
* Scientific racism
* Aryan race
* Melanin theory
* Trepanning
* Ufology
* Vertebral subluxation
* Voice stress analysis
* Water memory
* Cowpathy

Promoters of pseudoscience|

* Andrew Wakefield
* Deepak Chopra
* Gaia, Inc.
* Goop (company)
* Jenny McCarthy
* Mehmet Oz
* William Donald Kelley

Related topics|

* Bourgeois pseudoscience
* Demarcation problem
* Scientific method
* Suppressed research in the Soviet Union
* Traditional medicine

Resources|

* Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
* Cults of Unreason
* Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience
* Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science
* Quackwatch
* JREF
* The Psychology of the Occult
* The Ragged Edge of Science
* The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience
* Skeptical Inquirer
* The Skeptic's Dictionary

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