Sultanate of Banjar

Short description: Sultanate based in South Kalimantan (1526–1860/1905), restored in 2010

Sultanate of Banjar

كسلطانن بنجر
Kasultanan Banjar

1526-1860

Flag

Coat of arms

frameless Show under Surianshah

frameless Show under Mustain Billah, c. 1603

frameless Show under Sulaiman, 1810s

frameless Show map of the influence of the sultanate since the 2010 Restoration

Status|

* Tributary state of Demak Sultanate (1526–1548)
* Sovereign state (1548–1826)
* Protectorate of the Dutch East Indies (1826–1960)
* Fugitive remnant government (1862–1905)
* Customary cultural institution under Indonesia (since 2010)

Common languages| Banjar (official), Malay, Dayak languages (including Ngaju, Ot Danum, Ma'anyan, etc), Kutai.
Religion

| Sunni Islam (official)
Kaharingan
Confucianism
Christianity
Government| Monarchy
Sultanate based on mandala
Sultan|

• 1526–1540

| Surianshah (first)

• 1862–1905

| Muhammad Seman (last sovereign)

• 2010–now

| Khairul Saleh (bjn) (restoration 2010)
History|

• Inauguration of Surianshah

| 1526-1860

• Sultanate established

| 1526

• Karang Intan agreement

| 1826[1]

• Banjarmasin War

| 1859–1906

• Pagustian regency

| 1862–1905

• Annexation into the Dutch East Indies

| 1905

• Restoration

| 2010[2]
Area
1700s| 31,911,149 km2 (12,320,964 sq mi)

Website
kesultananbanjar.or.id

Preceded by | Succeeded by

|

|  | Negara Daha

|

| Dutch East Indies |

|

Today part of|  Indonesia

The Sultanate of Banjar (Banjar: كسلطانن بنجر, romanized: Kasultanan Banjar) was a nation-state of the Banjar in the form of a Islamic sultanate in Borneo which was founded in 1526 and existed until its dissolution in 1860 by the colonial government of the Dutch East Indies and its collapse in 1905.[3][4][5][6][7] The Banjar Sultanate was restored in the 2010 restoration, but without political power.[8][9][10][11]

When the capital was in Kayu Tangi, the Sultanate was referred to as the "Kayu Tangi Kingdom". After a long civil war that destroyed the Negara Daha, Surianshah of Banjar (r. 1526–1540) emerged victorious and crowned himself as the first Sultan of Banjar, and founded the Banjar sultanate with its capital in Kuin. Soon after the stabilization of the new state, he ordered a massive expansion to Sambas and the Sulu Archipelago. The vast territory was maintained by his son, Rahmatullah of Banjar (r. 1540–1570).[12]

Despite the loss of a number of territories, the reign of Mustain Billah of Banjar (r. 1595–1642)[12] was the peak of Banjar's glory with the development of the pepper trade and Banjar's dominance over the surrounding seas, which became a strategic trading point from the Straits of Malacca and Brunei to Gowa and Maluku. At the end of his reign, Mustain Billah faced conflict with the Dutch East India Company (VOC) which culminated in a failed attack on Banjarmasin in 1633. This failed VOC attack strengthened Mustain Billah's position and the conflict continued during the reign of his son, Inayatullah of Banjar (bjn) (r. 1642–1645). In the end, the Dutch agreed to sign a peace treaty during the reign of Rakyatullah of Banjar (bjn) (r. 1660–1663).

From 1663 to 1679, there was a civil war between Sultan Agung of Banjar (bjn) (r. 1663–1679) based in Banjarmasin and Tahlilullah of Banjar (r. 1663–1679; 1679–1708) based in Batang Alai. Dutch support for Tahlilullah and Tahlilullah's victory in the invasion of Banjar in 1679 gave the VOC more economic authority and slowly dominated Banjar. After extensive expansion and negotiations, Tamjidillah I of Banjar (r. 1734–1759) and his son-in-law, Muhammad of Banjar (r. 1759–1761) managed to recover most of the Banjar territory, the latter taking a tough stance against the Dutch. Tahmidullah II of Banjar (r. 1761–1801) succeeded in reducing the influence of the VOC in Banjar, although he again handed over many areas to the VOC, these areas were again controlled by Banjar during the time of Sulaiman of Banjar (r. 1801–1825). The Banjar Sultanate then became a Dutch protectorate during the reign of Adam of Banjar (r. 1825–1857), and the sultan's influence was suppressed.

The succession crisis of Adam of Banjar, and the unilateral appointment of Tamjidillah II of Banjar (r. 1857–1859) by the Dutch led to the outbreak of the Banjar War, in which opposition forces supporting Sultan Hidayatullah II of Banjar (r. 1859–1862) managed to win the succession battle. The Dutch, who did not accept this, dissolved the Sultanate in 1960 and exiled Hidayatullah II to Cianjur. Prince Antasari (r. 1862) was installed as Sultan of Banjar and led a brief resistance before dying of smallpox. Muhammad Seman (r. 1862–1905) led a government in exile in Puruk Cahu, known as Pagustian, before being killed in 1905, marking the collapse of the Banjar Sultanate.[12] In 2010, the Banjar Sultanate was restored with the coronation of Khairul Saleh (bjn) as Sultan of Banjar.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 List of sultans of Banjar
* 3 Revival
* 4 Family tree
* 5 See also
* 6 Notes
* 7 References

## History

The second king of Negara Daha, Maharaja Sukarama, had four commoner wives, and four sons and one daughter. As Maharaja Sukarama followed the traditional belief of Negara Dipa requiring the king to be of royal blood, he arranged the marriage of his sole daughter, Putri Galuh Baranakan, and the son of his brother, Raden Bagawan, with the name Raden Mantri. The goal of this union (of Mantri and Galuh) was to produce the ideal heir to rule Daha as they would have patrilineal and matrilineal royal blood. The union resulted in Raden Samudra, who was prepared by Sukarama to rule.[13]

Banjarmasin War

## List of sultans of Banjar

## Revival

As of 2010, the sultanate was revived for cultural purposes in Martapura by Ir. Haji Gusti Khairul Saleh, an Indonesian politician and regent of Banjar Regency who claimed to be a descendant of the royal family.[14] He also planned to rebuild the Banjar royal palace using his own private fund.[15][16][17][18]

## Family tree

Family Tree of Banjar Monarchs

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Surianshah
(1)
r. 1520–1540/6| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Rahmatullah
(2)
r. 1540/6-1570| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Hidayatullah I
(3)
r. 1570–1595| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Musta'in Billah
(4)
r. 1595–1636/42| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Inayatullah
(5)
r. 1636/1642-1645| | Rakyatullah/
Ri'ayatullah
(7)
r. 1660–1663| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sa'idullah
(6)
r. 1645–1660| | Sultan Agung
(9)
r. 1663–1679| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tahlilullah
(8)
r. 1660–1679,
1679–1700| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tahmidullah I
(10)
r. 1700–1717| | Kusuma Dilaga
(11)
r. 1717–1730| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | Hamidullah
(12)
r. 1730–1734| | | | | | Tamjidillah I
(13)
r. 1734–1759| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | Muhammad
(14)
r. 1759–1761| | | | | | Tahmidullah II
(15)
r. 1761–1801| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | Prince
Amir| | | | | | Sulaiman
(16)
r. 1801–1825| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | Prince
Mas'ud| | Adam
(17)
r. 1825–1857| | | | | | Prince
Singhasari| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | Antasari
(20)
r. 1862| | Crown Prince
Abdur Rahman| | | | | | Prince
Abubakr| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | Muhammad
Seman
(21)
r. 1862–1905| | Tamjidillah II
(18)
r. 1857–1859| | Hidayatullah II
(19)
r. 1859–1862| | Prince
Omar| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Prince
Jumri| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | al-Mu'tasim
Billah
(22)
r. 2010–present| | | | | | | | | | | | |

## See also

* Banjar people

## Notes

## References

1. ↑ "Kronologi Sejarah Pulau Kalimantan (45.000 SM – 2017 M)". http://alanqasaharica.blogspot.com/2017/07/kronologi-sejarah-pulau-kalimantan.html.
2. ↑ "Salinan arsip". http://kalimantan.onoffsolutindo.com/budaya-kesultanan-perlu-dihidupkan-kembali/.
3. ↑ The New American encyclopaedia: a popular dictionary of general knowledge. 2. D. Appleton. 1865. pp. 571. https://books.google.com/books?id=geZDAAAAYAAJ&dq=banjarmassin&pg=PA571.
4. ↑ Houtsma, M. Th. (1987). E. J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam 1913–1936. BRILL. pp. 647. ISBN 9004082654. https://books.google.com/books?id=p5U3AAAAIAAJ&dq=CONTRACT+MET+DE+SULTAN+BANDJARMASIN&pg=PA647. ISBN 978-90-04-08265-6
5. ↑ KALIMANTAN SELATAN
6. ↑ "Politik dan Perdagangan Lada di Kesultanan Banjar". http://eprints.lib.ui.ac.id/12976/1/82338-T6811-Politik dan-TOC.pdf.
7. ↑ Marwati Djoened Poesponegoro; Nugroho Notosusanto (1992). Sejarah nasional Indonesia: Jaman pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kerajaan-kerajaan Islam di Indonesia. PT Balai Pustaka. pp. 85. ISBN 978-979-407-409-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=HiZvFZbm6sgC&dq=ibukota indonesia banjarmasin&pg=PA85.
8. ↑ Van Doren, J. B. J (1860). Bydragen tot de kennis van verschillende overzeesche landen, volken, enz. 1. J. D. Sybrandi. https://books.google.com/books?id=0GM-AAAAcAAJ&dq=Hidayat+Oellah&pg=PA201.
9. ↑ Ooi, Keat Gin (13 October 2004). Southeast Asia: a historical encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor. 3. ABC-CLIO, 2004. pp. 211. ISBN 1-57607-770-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&dq=bandjarmasin&pg=PA211. ISBN 978-1-57607-770-2
10. ↑ Brookes, Richard (1843). Brookes's Universal gazetteer: re-modelled and brought down to the present time. E.H. Butler. pp. 73. https://books.google.com/books?id=EbzVAAAAMAAJ&dq=bendermassing&pg=PA73.
11. ↑ "Reconstructie van het archief van de VOC-vestiging". http://obp.tanap.net/pdf/files/3C3DAF148D0C9FC5DEC709F70DD5C841.pdf.
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Koninklijk Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen (1860). Tijdschrift voor Indische taal-, land- en volkenkunde. 9. Lange. pp. 94. https://books.google.com/books?id=hZJUAAAAcAAJ&dq=Dimbong+Mengkoerat&pg=PA94.
13. ↑ Pikriadi, Nor (10 October 2014). "Perjalanan Kesultanan Banjar dari Legitimasi Politik hingga Indentitas Kultural". Naditira Widya 8 (2). https://naditirawidya.kemdikbud.go.id/index.php/nw/article/download/108/76. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
14. ↑ Media, Kompas Cyber (7 December 2011). "Kesultanan Banjar Kembali Dibangkitkan" (in id). https://regional.kompas.com/read/2011/12/07/09234297/kesultanan.banjar.kembali.dibangkitkan.
15. ↑ "Sultan Banjar Minta Dibangun Prototipe Kerajaan dan Keraton Sultan Suriansyah" (in id-ID). https://kumparan.com/banjarhits/sultan-banjar-minta-dibangun-prototipe-kerajaan-dan-keraton-sultan-suriansyah-1534692178716034213.
16. ↑ "Sultan Khairul Saleh Punya Obsesi, Munculkan Kembali Bangunan Kerajaan Banjar di Kuin" (in id-ID). https://banjarmasin.tribunnews.com/2017/08/29/sultan-khairul-saleh-punya-obsesi-munculkan-kembali-bangunan-kerajaan-banjar-di-kuin.
17. ↑ Agency, ANTARA News. "Banjarmasin Siap Bangun Keraton Banjar". https://kalsel.antaranews.com/berita/571/banjarmasin-siap-bangun-keraton-banjar.
18. ↑ "Sultan Khairul Saleh Siapkan Kompleks Pemakaman Keluarga Kesultanan Banjar, Disini Lokasinya" (in id-ID). https://banjarmasin.tribunnews.com/2019/08/16/sultan-khairul-saleh-siapkan-kompleks-pemakaman-keluarga-kesultanan-banjar-disini-lokasinya.

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