List of countries by population in 1880

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This is a near-complete list of countries by population in 1880, based on territory they controlled at the time, not what they control today, therefore non-independent nations at the time are omitted from the list. Most estimate numbers are from the beginning of the year and exact population figures are for countries that held a census on various dates in the year 1880. Some nations' populations are estimated linearly based on population years from before 1880 and after 1880. A few population figures are used from one year before/after 1880, due to being much more specific and reliable.

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Articles
Demographic history
Historical demography
World population estimates
List of Countries by Population
1850  | 1880 | 1900
Rank  | Country/Territory  | Population c. 1850 estimate  | Percentage of

World Population

|
|
|

—  | earth | 1,430,000,000[1] | \-
1  | Template:Country data Qing dynasty | 368,000,000[2] | 25.7%
2  |  British Empire

constituents

*     * United Kingdom – 34,622,900
* British Raj – ~252,389,793
* Canada – 4,384,000

constituents

*         * Newfoundland and Labrador – ~192,255

* British Ceylon – 3,021,000
* Australia – 2,197,000
* Template:Country data Gold Coast – ~1,007,140
* Template:Country data Cape Colony – ~698,524
* Jamaica – ~570,850
* New Zealand – 520,000
* Straits Settlements – ~411,855

constituents

*         * Singapore – ~134,990

* Natal – ~401,234
* Mauritius and Dependencies – ~373,074
* Template:Country data British Guiana – ~245,540
* British Windward Islands – ~208,525

constituents

*         * Barbados – ~170,925
* Saint Lucia – ~37,600

* Cyprus – ~184,468
* Trinidad and Tobago – ~164,600
* Hong Kong – ~156,142
* British Leeward Islands – ~114,070

constituents

*         * Saint Kitts and Nevis – ~40,890
* Antigua and Barbuda – ~35,120
* Dominica – ~28,100
* Montserrat – ~9,960

* Bahamas – ~43,500
* Template:Country data British Honduras – ~30,500
* Gibraltar – ~18,400
* Bermuda – ~14,360
* Gambia – ~14,154
* Saint Helena – ~5,210
* Falkland Isands – ~1,500
* Sierra Leone – ?
* Ascension – ?
* Tristan de Cunha – ?

| ~310,798,339[3][4][5][6][2] | ~21.7%
3  |  Russian Empire  | 97,700,000[7] | 6.8%
4  |  United States  | 50,189,000[8] | 3.5%
5  |  France (including colonies)

constituents

*     * France – 39,045,000
* French Algeria – 4,140,000
* French Senegal – 1,194,940
* Template:Country data French Cochinchina – >~866,862
* French Gabon – 359,410
* Guadeloupe – 192,700
* Réunion – 180,800
* Martinique – 166,100
* French Guiana – 27,300
* Comoros – ?

| >~46,172,842[4][3][9][2] | >~3.2%
6  |  German Empire  | 45,234,061[7] | 3.2%
7  | Template:Country data Dutch Empire

constituents

*     * Netherlands – 4,043,000
* Dutch East Indies – 36,203,000
* Surinam – ~69,550
* Netherlands Antilles – 36,300

| 40,351,850[4][2] | 2.8%
8  |  Austria-Hungary

constituents

*     * Austria – 21,900,000
* Hungary – 15,700,000
* Template:Country data Bohemia – 8,300,000

| 37,900,000[7] | 2.7%
9  |

Tokugawa Japan  | 35,929,000[8] | 2.5%
10  |  Kingdom of Italy  | ~28,200,000[7] | ~2%
11  | Template:Country data Spanish Empire

constituents

*     * Spain – 16,859,000
* Philippines – 5,010,000
* Template:Country data Spanish Empire – ~1,454,167
* Template:Country data Spanish Empire – 754,300
* Template:Country data Spanish Empire – ?

| ~24,077,467[4][2] | ~1.7%
12  |  Ottoman Empire  | 17,388,000[lower-alpha 1][10][11] | 1.2%
13  | Sokoto Caliphate  | ~16,260,000[lower-alpha 2][12] | ~1.1%
14  | Joseon Korea  | 14,610,000[3] | 1%
15  | Đại Nam quốc  | ~13,901,688  | ~1%
16  | Template:Country data Portuguese Empire

constituents

*     * Portugal – 4,610,000
* Template:Country data Portuguese Empire – ~3,805,538
* Template:Country data Portuguese Empire – ~3,073,846
* Template:Country data Portuguese Empire – ~810,000
* Template:Country data Portuguese Empire – ~555,563
* Template:Country data Portuguese Empire – ~422,000
* Template:Country data Portuguese Empire – 99,300
* Template:Country data Portuguese Empire – ~67,367
* Template:Country data Portuguese Empire – ~25,800

| ~13,469,414[4][2] | ~0.9%
17  | Template:Country data Empire of Brazil | 11,794,000[3] | 0.8%
18  |  Mexico  | 10,399,000[4] | 0.7%
19  |  Sublime State of Iran  | 8,880,000[3] | 0.6%
20  |  Ethiopian Empire (aka Abyssinia)  | 6,830,000[3] | 0.5%
21  |  Union between Sweden and Norway

constituents

*     * Sweden – 4,572,000
* Norway – 1,919,000

| 6,491,000[4] | 0.5%
22  | Template:Country data Siam | ~6,270,000[lower-alpha 3][3] | ~0.4%
23  |  Belgium  | 5,541,000[4] | 0.4%
24  | Kingdom of Nepal | ~4,945,000[4] | ~0.3%
25  | Template:Country data Wallachia | 4,545,821[lower-alpha 4][13] | 0.3%
26  | Template:Country data Emirate of Afghanistan | 4,420,000[3] | 0.3%
27  | Konbaung dynasty (Burma)  | ~3,778,938[lower-alpha 5][4] | ~0.3%
28  | Sultanate of Zanzibar  | ~3,720,000[lower-alpha 6][3] | ~0.3%
29  |  Morocco  | 3,489,150[9] | 0.2%
30  |  Peru  | 2,970,000[4] | 0.2%
31  | Merina Kingdom | 2,907,400[9] | 0.2%
32  |  Colombia  | ~2,880,500[4] | ~0.2%
33  |  Switzerland  | 2,839,000[4] | 0.2%
34  |  Argentina  | 2,490,000[3] | 0.2%
35  | Emirate of Nejd (Second Saudi State)  | ~2,410,000[lower-alpha 7][3] | ~0.2%
36  |  Chile  | 2,264,000[4] | 0.2%
37  |  Denmark (including colonies)

constituents

*     * Denmark – 1,969,039
* Iceland – 71,981
* Greenland – 9,500
* Faroe Islands – ?

| ~2,050,520[14][15][2] | ~0.1%
38  |  Venezuela  | 1,952,000[4] | 0.1%
39  |  Greece  | 1,679,470[lower-alpha 8][16] | 0.1%
40  |  Guatemala  | 1,224,602[17] |
41  |  Ecuador  | 1,150,000[3] |
42  |  Bolivia  | 1,098,000[9] |
43  | El Salvador  | ~518,600[2] |
44  |  Uruguay  | 464,000[4] |
45  |  Liberia  | 394,950[9] |
46  | Honduras  | 307,000[9] |
47  | Dominican Republic  | 300,000[2] |
48  | Template:Country data Muscat | ~275,500[9][4] |
49  |  Paraguay  | 264,000[9] |
50  |  Nicaragua  | ~249,250[2] |
51  |  Luxembourg  | 210,507  |
51  |  Costa Rica  | 203,800[2] |
52  | Bhutan  | ~122,222[2] |
53  |  Liechtenstein  | 9,100[2] |
54  | Monaco | ~8,100[2] |
55  |  San Marino  | ~7,850[2] |
56  |  Andorra  | 6,000[2] |

Missing nations:

* Various Subsaharan African countries
* Brunei

## Notes

1. ↑ 1881
2. ↑ Includes all of Nigeria
3. ↑ Based on the modern-day borders of Thailand; does not include Laos and Cambodia which were controlled by Siam at the time
4. ↑ 1881
5. ↑ Based on the modern-day borders of Myanmar; should be lower since Britain at that time controlled a significant portion of modern-day Myanmar
6. ↑ Based on the modern-day borders of Tanzania; should be lower since Zanzibar at that time only controlled the coast
7. ↑ Includes all of Saudi Arabia
8. ↑ 1879

## References

1. ↑ "Population". https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population.
2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 "Population Statistics: Historical Demography". http://www.populstat.info/.
3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 "Statista - The Statistics Portal" (in en). https://www.statista.com/.
4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 "Maddison Project Database 2020" (in en). 2020-10-27. https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/releases/maddison-project-database-2020.
5. ↑ "Digital Colonial Documents (India)". 2011-04-08. http://www.chaf.lib.latrobe.edu.au/dcd/default.htm.
6. ↑ Great Britain. Census Office (1906). Census of the British empire. 1901. Report with summary and detailed tables for the several colonies, &c., area, houses, and population; also population classified by ages, condition as to marriage, occupations, birthplaces, religions, degrees of education, and infirmities ... Cornell University Library. London : Printed for H.M. Stationery Off., by Darling & Son, Ltd.. http://archive.org/details/cu31924030396067.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 "Population History". https://www.tacitus.nu/historical-atlas/population/.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Historical world population data". http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/other/worldpop.html.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 "Data on Senegal | Reconstructing Global Inequality". https://clio-infra.eu/Countries/Senegal.html#countries.
10. ↑ (Karpat 1978)
11. ↑ (Shaw 1978)
12. ↑ "Population". https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/population-since-1800.
13. ↑ Anuarul Statistic al României 1937 si 1938. Bucharest: INSSE. 1939. pp. 41.
14. ↑ "Statistikbanken". http://www.statistikbanken.dk/statbank5a/default.asp?w=1024.
15. ↑ "Population by origin, sex and age 1996–2021". https://px.hagstofa.is:443/pxenpxen/pxweb/en/Ibuar/Ibuar__mannfjoldi__3_bakgrunnur__Uppruni/MAN43000.px/.
16. ↑ "Greek censuses (in Greek)". http://flashfiles.flash.gr/flash/Rid7/635.asp.
17. ↑ Gonzalez, Luis. "Censo | Así ha crecido la población de Guatemala" (in es). https://republica.gt/guatemala/2019-9-17-16-46-30-censo-asi-ha-crecido-la-poblacion-de-guatemala.

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