Mucosal Melanoma

Acute radiation mucositis at the palate and acute radiation dermatitis were observed, both of which were classified as grade 2 based on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0. a Grade 2 acute radiation mucositis occurred shortly after carbon ion radiotherapy administration. b Grade 2 acute radiation dermatitis occurred 2 weeks after carbon ion radiotherapy administration
Pronunciation|

* \ myü-ˈkō-zəl, \ ˌme-lə-ˈnō-mə

Specialty| Oncology, pathology, dermatology, gynecology, gastroenterology
Symptoms| malaise, fatigue, bleeding, diarrhea, constipation, nose bleeds, skin discoloration, itching, discharge, ulcers, anosmia, hyposmia, skin irritation, canker sores, bloody stools, bloody urine, gum disease, rosacea
Complications| distant and/or microscopic metastasis
Types| mucosal melanoma of the head and neck, vulvar melanoma, vaginal melanoma, anorectal melanoma
Causes| smoking, carcinogens, genetics, chemicals, CID, HIV
Diagnostic method| biopsy, colonoscopy
Treatment| radiation, chemotherapy, surgery

Mucosal melanoma is a rare condition characterized by a melanoma of the mucous membranes. This subtype is associated a worse prognosis than those arising from the skin.[1]: 696 [2] Mucosal melanomas occur in the head and neck (55%), anorectal (24%) and vulvovaginal region (18%), and in the urinary tract (3%).[3] Based on the histopathologic and clinical features, melanomas of the vulva and vagina are often considered a separate disease entity.[4] The prognosis of vulvovaginal melanomas is poor, especially for vaginal melanomas and has not improved over the last decades.[5] While chemotherapy does not improve survival, checkpoint inhibitors have been tested in mucosal melanomas and have shown promising response rates.[6][7]

## See also[edit | edit source]

* Melanoma

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6.
2. ↑ Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
3. ↑ Chang AE, Karnell LH, Menck HR (October 1998). "The National Cancer Data Base report on cutaneous and noncutaneous melanoma: a summary of 84,836 cases from the past decade. The American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer and the American Cancer Society". Cancer. 83 (8): 1664–78. doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19981015)83:8<1664::aid-cncr23>3.0.co;2-g. hdl:2027.42/34348. PMID 9781962.
4. ↑ Wohlmuth C, Wohlmuth-Wieser I (December 2019). "Vulvar malignancies: an interdisciplinary perspective". J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 17 (12): 1257–1276. doi:10.1111/ddg.13995. PMID 31829526.
5. ↑ Wohlmuth C, Wohlmuth-Wieser I, May T, Vicus D, Gien LT, Laframboise S (November 2019). "Malignant Melanoma of the Vulva and Vagina: A US Population-Based Study of 1863 Patients". American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. doi:10.1007/s40257-019-00487-x. PMID 31784896.
6. ↑ Hamid, Omid; Robert, Caroline; Ribas, Antoni; Hodi, F. Stephen; Walpole, Euan; Daud, Adil; Arance, Ana S.; Brown, Ewan; Hoeller, Christoph; Mortier, Laurent; Schachter, Jacob (September 2018). "Antitumour activity of pembrolizumab in advanced mucosal melanoma: a post-hoc analysis of KEYNOTE-001, 002, 006". British Journal of Cancer. 119 (6): 670–674. doi:10.1038/s41416-018-0207-6. ISSN 1532-1827. PMC 6173747. PMID 30202085. Archived from the original on 2021-09-23. Retrieved 2021-04-06.
7. ↑ Wohlmuth, Christoph; Wohlmuth-Wieser, Iris; Laframboise, Stéphane (2020-11-24). "Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Response With Checkpoint Inhibitors in Malignant Melanoma of the Vulva and Vagina". Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease. doi:10.1097/LGT.0000000000000583. ISSN 1526-0976. PMC 7984764. PMID 33252450. Archived from the original on 2021-09-23. Retrieved 2021-04-06.

## External links[edit | edit source]

Classification|

* ICD-10: C43.9
* OMIM: 155600
* MeSH: D008546

|

* v
* t
* e

Skin cancer of nevi and melanomas

Melanoma|

* Mucosal melanoma
* Superficial spreading melanoma
* Nodular melanoma
* lentigo
* Lentigo maligna/Lentigo maligna melanoma
* Acral lentiginous melanoma
* Amelanotic melanoma
* Desmoplastic melanoma
* Melanoma with features of a Spitz nevus
* Melanoma with small nevus-like cells
* Polypoid melanoma
* Nevoid melanoma
* Melanocytic tumors of uncertain malignant potential

Nevus/
melanocytic nevus|

* Nevus of Ito/Nevus of Ota
* Spitz nevus
* Pigmented spindle cell nevus
* Halo nevus
* Pseudomelanoma

* Blue nevus
* of Jadassohn–Tièche
* Cellular
* Epithelioid
* Deep penetrating
* Amelanotic
* Malignant

* Congenital melanocytic nevus (Giant
* Medium-sized
* Small-sized)

* Balloon cell nevus
* Dysplastic nevus/Dysplastic nevus syndrome

* Acral nevus
* Becker's nevus
* Benign melanocytic nevus
* Nevus spilus

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