Papuan Gulf languages

Short description: Proposed language family of Papua New Guinea

Papuan Gulf

(proposed)
Geographic
distribution| Papuan Gulf, southern Papua New Guinea
Subdivisions|

* Kikorian
* Strickland
* Gogodala–Suki
* Teberan–Pawaian

Glottolog| None

Map: The Papuan Gulf languages of New Guinea

The Papuan Gulf languages

Trans–New Guinea languages

Other Papuan languages

Austronesian languages

Uninhabited

The Papuan Gulf languages are a proposed language family of Papuan languages spoken inland from the large gulf that defines the shape of southern Papua New Guinea.[1]

## Contents

* 1 Languages
* 2 Lexical comparison
* 3 References
* 4 Further reading

## Languages

* Papuan Gulf
* Kikorian (Kikori River)
* Kutubuan
* Turama–Kikorian
* Strickland (Strickland and Soari River)
* East Strickland
* Doso–Turumsa
* Gogodala–Suki (Suki–Aramia River)
* Tua River
* Teberan
* Wiru
* Pawaia

## Lexical comparison

The lexical data below is from the Trans-New Guinea database[2] and Usher (2020),[3] unless noted otherwise. Neighboring languages not traditionally classified within Papuan Gulf are also included for comparison.

Body parts  family | language | head | hair | ear | eye | nose | tooth | tongue | leg | blood | bone | skin | breast

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Trans-New Guinea  | Proto-Trans-New Guinea  | *kobutu; *kV(mb,p)utu; *mUtUna; *mVtVna | *iti; *(nd,s)umu(n,t)[V]; *zumun | *ka(nd,t)(i,e)C; *kat(i,e)C; *tVmV(d) | *g(a,u)mu; *ŋg(a,u)mu; *(ŋg,k)iti [maŋgV]; *nVpV | *mundu; *mutu | *magata; *maŋgat[a]; *titi | *balaŋ; *mbilaŋ; *me(l,n)e; *me(n,l)e | *kani(n); *k(a,o)ond(a,o)C; *kitu | *ke(ñj,s)a; *kesa | *kondaC; *kwata(l,n) | *gatapu; *(ŋg,k)a(nd,t)apu | *amu
Kamula  | Kamula  | dokupala; tɔkɔnʌlʌ | kokosasi; kɔkɔsʌse | molo; mɔlɔ | inʌma; inoma | mu; mũ | ɛpe | te; tɛ | ɛtɛ; hetei | umali; umʌ:li | ɛľu; ɛro | kapala; kʌpʌlʌ | mɛmɛ
Dibiyaso  | Dibiyaso  | bisikoki; bisikɔki; dagata; dapokala | bisikaka; bisi kaka | kosoropa; kosořopa; kɔsɔrɔpa | usa | deimu; demu | beserepa; beseřepa | metata; mɛtɛtʌ; mɛtɛta | tupa | balipa; baripa; memere | ki | baua | bu; burukopa
Doso-Turumsa  | Doso  | abaki | abuluso | apu | usa | bulu | da | ithi | sʌřei | omani | khi | bʌli | toka
Tabo  | Tabo  | wato | hinibó; hinibɔ | galo | ba ͥdi; baidi | dopo; dɔ:pɔ | lalo; lolo | mɛlpila; merapira | nato | hawi; haᵘwi | goha; goha: | tama | nono
Porome  | Porome[4] | kikimi | kikimikuro | obokera | ipiri | urubi | koropi | beri | warakero |  |  |  | eimuro
Turama-Kikori  | Proto-Rumu-Omati[3] | *mab | *b[au]t | *go̝ | *isĩ | *ju | *magu |  | *tãᵋ |  | *tab |  | *sõ̝
Teberan | Proto-Dadibi-Folopa[3] | *tobo | *ni[g]i | *[w]odzo | *ge[…] | *gun… |  | *kamina |  |  | *di[l/r]i | *wadz[i/e] | *ame
Pawaia  | Pawaia  | mu | muse; sị | nȩᶦ; nɛ̣i | to; toᵘ | ho; họ | su | ha̧pi; hɛmina | hɛ; si̧ʔi̧ | sɛni; su̧ | džɛmɛ; yɛmi | hɛʔȩ; hɛi | ɛmi
Purari  | Purari  | uku | kimari | keporo | inamu | pina | niʔiri | anae | ari | aro | laʔaro | kape | ame
Kaki Ae  | Kaki Ae  | aro | uʔumo | oʔi | ere | noʔi | huʔu | anara | fera | ivare | uki |  | ame
Nature  family | language | louse | dog | pig | bird | egg | tree | sun | moon | water | fire | stone | path

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Trans-New Guinea  | Proto-Trans-New Guinea  | *niman |  |  | *n(e,i); *n(e)i; *n[e]i; *yak; *yaka[i]; *yanem | *maŋgV; *munaka; *mun(a,u)ka | *ida; *inda ~ *iñja | *kamali; *kamuli; *ketana | *kal(a,i)m; *kamali; *takVn; *takVn[V] | *nok; *(n)ok; *ok(u); *ok[V] | *inda; *k(a,e)dap; *k(a,e)(n,d)ap; *kambu; *k(a,o)nd(a,u)p | *kamb(a,u)na; *(na)muna; *[na]muna |
Kamula  | Kamula  | iyʌ; iya | ɛsemala; esemʌlʌ | ʌľiʌ | tea | temoko; temɔkɔ | dali; tʌli | sali; sʌľi | mama; mʌmʌ | yu | deľʌpʌ; dřaƀa | ewʌľʌ; yawařa | api
Dibiyaso  | Dibiyaso  | pe | sapo | apo | meta; mɛta | kwapa; motakapa | besa; bosa | male; nane | iliɛpɛ; irepe | daia; daiya | betate; darau; dařau | kaɔ; kɔ | iti
Doso-Turumsa  | Doso  | amu | khasa | nɛna | sɩkĩ | wõnõ | gu | khikha | ři | umu | dɩki | kɔ |
Tabo  | Tabo  | tamani | gaha |  | hola; hola: | kikipo | ke'ha; kɛha | kadepa; kadɛpa | manome; manomi | bea | koe; kue: | -nadi; naki | gabo
Porome  | Porome  |  | kumi | bobi | kumi |  | kubi | eri ipiro | omeri tero | ubi | erei | kumapi | meri
Turama-Kikori  | Proto-Rumu-Omati  | *gutɔm | *gas | *gɔ[u]n | *gaᵋ | *d[ɔ]um | *i | *ɛsɔa |  | *wẽ̝ | *i |  | *dɛⁱ
Teberan | Proto-Dadibi-Folopa  |  | *j[o]wi | *kibu | *ba | *ge | *ni | *s[u]g[a] |  | *wẽi | *si[a] |  | *tũ
Pawaia  | Pawaia  | po; poř | hạ; hɛ̧ | ya | deř; ge | ge džu; yo | i̧; in | ol; olsuɛ; sia | we; wɛ | sa | sia | tobu; topu | sụ
Purari  | Purari  | kaeriʔi | oroko |  | nako | munu | iri | lare | ia | ere | iau | rore |
Kaki Ae  | Kaki Ae  | saruta | evera |  | mini | mini umu | oproro | lare | fuiya | haime | aiyeʔi | ere |
Miscellaneous  family | language | man | woman | name | eat | one | two

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Trans-New Guinea  | Proto-Trans-New Guinea  | *abV; *ambi | *panV; *pan(V) | *ibi; *imbi; *wani | *na; *na- |  | *ta(l,t)(a,e)
Kamula  | Kamula  | ɔpɔlʌimi; opřami | eya; ɛ̃yã | hi | dampřoma; tʌɛdɔma | hatropɛ; hʌtɔlɔp | dapiamɛtɛ; depiʌmɛtɛ
Dibiyaso  | Dibiyaso  | sau | tawa͗e; tawoi; tawɔi | yo | na- | makate | ařapa
Doso-Turumsa  | Doso  | haimo | dobo | samu | nane |  |
Tabo  | Tabo  | dubu; tubu | kamena | mahiro; mahiřo | hɛna; nɛ:na | kapia | nete'ewa
Porome  | Porome  | moia | eria |  |  |  |
Turama-Kikori  | Proto-Rumu-Omati  |  |  |  | *e̝ne̝ne̝n |  | *t[aⁱ/aᵋ]
Teberan | Proto-Dadibi-Folopa  |  | *so |  | *nV- | *me |
Pawaia  | Pawaia  | džʌʔla; yala | oi; u | hɛʔɛpi; hopi | hatisụɛ; ti haʔayɛ | pɛʔɛmi; pomi | naʔau; nau
Purari  | Purari  | vake | aʔe | noe | navai | monou | leʔeo
Kaki Ae  | Kaki Ae  | aru | aʔu | iru | muake | okiao | uʔungka

## References

1. ↑ NewGuineaWord Papuan Gulf
2. ↑ Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". http://transnewguinea.org/family/eastgeelvinkbay.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Usher, Timothy (2020). "New Guinea World". https://sites.google.com/site/newguineaworld/.
4. ↑ Petterson, Robert. 2010. Porome Daporo Avea Buka = Porome Language Picture Dictionary. Ukarumpa: SIL-PNG.

## Further reading

* Franklin, K. editor. The linguistic situation in the Gulf District and adjacent areas, Papua New Guinea. C-26, x + 607 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1973. doi:10.15144/PL-C26

* v
* t
* e

Primary language families

Africa|

* Afroasiatic
* Austronesian
* Khoe–Kwadi
* Kx'a
* Niger–Congo
* Nilo-Saharan?
* Tuu
* Mande?
* Songhay?
* Ijaw?
* Ubangian?
* Kadu?

| Isolates|

* Bangime
* Hadza
* Jalaa
* Sandawe
* Laal?
* Shabo?

|

Europe
and Asia|

* Afroasiatic
* Ainu
* Austroasiatic
* Austronesian
* Chukotko-Kamchatkan
* Dravidian
* Eskimo–Aleut
* Great Andamanese
* Hmong–Mien
* Hurro-Urartian
* Indo-European
* Japonic
* Kartvelian
* Koreanic
* Kra–Dai
* Mongolic
* Nivkh
* Northeast Caucasian
* Northwest Caucasian
* Ongan
* Sino-Tibetan
* Tungusic
* Turkic
* Tyrsenian
* Uralic
* Yeniseian
* Yukaghir
* Digaro?
* Hrusish?
* Kho-Bwa?
* Miju?
* Siangic?

| Isolates|

* Basque
* Burushaski
* Elamite
* Hattic
* Kusunda
* Nihali
* Sumerian

|

New Guinea
and the Pacific|

* Arai–Samaia
* Austronesian
* Binanderean–Goilalan
* Border
* Bulaka River
* Central Solomons
* Chimbu–Wahgi
* Doso–Turumsa
* East Geelvink Bay
* East New Britain
* East Strickland
* Eleman
* Engan
* Fas
* Kaure–Kosare
* Kiwaian
* Kutubuan
* Kwomtari
* Lakes Plain
* Lower Mamberamo
* Lower Sepik
* Madang
* Mairasi
* North Bougainville
* Pauwasi
* Ramu
* Senagi
* Sentani
* Sepik
* Skou
* South Bougainville
* Teberan
* Tor–Kwerba–Nimboran
* Torricelli
* Trans-Fly
* Trans–New Guinea
* Turama–Kikorian
* Upper Yuat
* West Papuan
* Yam
* Yawa
* Yuat
* Northwest Papuan?
* Papuan Gulf?

| Isolates|

* Abinomn
* Abun
* Anêm?
* Ata?
* Kol
* Kuot
* Maybrat
* Mpur
* Porome
* Taiap?
* Pawaia
* Porome
* Sulka?
* Tambora
* Wiru

|

Australia|

* Arnhem/Macro-Gunwinyguan?
* Bunuban
* Darwin Region?
* Eastern Daly
* Eastern Tasmanian
* Garawan
* Iwaidjan
* Jarrakan
* Marrku–Wurrugu?
* Mirndi
* Northern Tasmanian
* Northeastern Tasmanian
* Nyulnyulan
* Pama–Nyungan
* Southern Daly?
* Tangkic
* Wagaydyic
* Western Daly
* Western Tasmanian
* Worrorran
* Yangmanic (incl. Wagiman)?

| Isolates|

* Giimbiyu
* Malak-Malak (Northern Daly?)
* Tiwi

|

North
America|

* Algic
* Alsea
* Caddoan
* Chimakuan
* Chinookan
* Chumashan
* Comecrudan
* Coosan
* Eskimo–Aleut
* Iroquoian
* Kalapuyan
* Keresan
* Maiduan
* Muskogean
* Na-Dene
* Palaihnihan
* Plateau Penutian
* Pomoan
* Salishan
* Shastan
* Siouan
* Tanoan
* Tsimshianic
* Utian
* Uto-Aztecan
* Wakashan
* Wintuan
* Yukian
* Yuman–Cochimí

| Isolates|

* Chimariko
* Esselen
* Haida
* Karuk
* Kutenai
* Seri
* Siuslaw
* Takelma
* Timucua
* Waikuri
* Washo
* Yana
* Yokuts
* Yuchi
* Zuni

|

Mesoamerica|

* Chibchan
* Jicaquean
* Lencan
* Mayan
* Misumalpan
* Mixe–Zoque
* Oto-Manguean
* Tequistlatecan
* Totonacan
* Uto-Aztecan
* Xincan

| Isolates|

* Cuitlatec
* Huave
* Tarascan/Purépecha

|

South
America|

* Andoque–Urequena
* Arauan
* Araucanian
* Arawakan
* Arutani–Sape
* Aymaran
* Barbacoan
* Boran
* Cahuapanan
* Cariban
* Catacaoan
* Chapacuran
* Charruan
* Chibchan
* Choco
* Chonan
* Guaicuruan
* Guajiboan
* Harákmbut–Katukinan
* Jirajaran
* Jivaroan
* Katembri–Taruma
* Mascoian
* Matacoan
* Nadahup
* Nambikwaran
* Otomákoan
* Pano-Tacanan
* Peba–Yaguan
* Quechuan
* Piaroa–Saliban
* Ticuna–Yuri
* Timotean
* Tiniguan
* Tucanoan
* Tupian
* Uru–Chipaya
* Witotoan
* Yanomaman
* Zamucoan
* Zaparoan
* Bora–Witoto languages?
* Chimuan?
* Esmeralda–Yaruro?
* Hibito–Cholón?
* Lule–Vilela?
* Macro-Jê?
* Tequiraca–Canichana?

| Isolates
(extant in 2000)|

* Aikanã?
* Alacalufan
* Camsá
* Candoshi
* Chimane
* Chiquitano
* Cofán?
* Fulniô
* Guató
* Hodï/Joti
* Irantxe?
* Itonama
* Kunza
* Leco
* Maku-Auari of Roraima
* Movima
* Mura-Pirahã
* Nukak?
* Puinave
* Huaorani/Waorani
* Trumai
* Urarina
* Warao
* Yamana
* Yuracaré

|

Sign languages|

* Arab
* BANZSL
* Chinese
* Francosign
* Germanosign
* Indo-Pakistani
* Japanese
* Original Thai
* Swedish
* Tanzanian?

| Isolates|

* See list of sign languages

|

See also|

* Language isolates
* Unclassified languages
* Creoles
* Pidgins
* Mixed languages
* Artificial languages

* Families in italics have no living members.
* Families with more than 30 languages are in bold.

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