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2020 U.S. Senate Elections

* * *

Election Date
November 3, 2020

* * *

U.S. Senate Elections by State
Alabama • Alaska • Arizona (special) • Arkansas • Colorado • Delaware • Georgia • Idaho • Illinois • Iowa • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Montana • Nebraska • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • North Carolina • Oklahoma • Oregon • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Virginia • West Virginia • Wyoming

* * *

U.S. House Elections

Elections to the U.S. Senate were held on November 3, 2020. A total of 33 of the 100 seats were up for regular election.

Those elected to the U.S. Senate in the 33 regular elections on November 3, 2020, began their six-year terms on January 3, 2021.

Special elections were also held to fill vacancies that occurred in the 116th Congress, including 2020 special U.S. Senate elections in Arizona for the seat that John McCain (R) won in 2016 and in Georgia for the seat that Johnny Isakson (R) won in 2016.

Twelve seats held by Democrats and 23 seats held by Republicans were up for election in 2020. Heading into the election, Republicans had a majority with 53 seats. Democrats needed a net gain of four seats, or three in addition to winning the presidential election, to take control of the chamber. The vice president casts tie-breaking votes in the Senate.

On this page, you will find:

* The current and historical partisan balance of the U.S. Senate
* A list of special elections for the 116th Congress
* The seats that are up for election in 2020
* Information on 2020's battleground races
* The number of filed candidates by political party
* A list of incumbents not seeking re-election in 2020
* A list of important dates and deadlines for the 2020 election cycle
* Information on states held by a party opposite the winning 2016 presidential candidate
* A list of race ratings
* Information on historical wave elections

## Contents

* 1 2020 election analysis and context
* 2 Partisan breakdown
* 3 Election results
* 4 Incumbents defeated
* 4.1 Incumbents defeated in the general election
* 4.2 Incumbents defeated in primaries
* 5 Margin of victory
* 6 Outside ratings
* 7 Seats that changed party hands in 2014
* 8 Incumbents who didn't seek re-election in 2020
* 8.1 Historical comparison
* 9 Annual Congressional Competitiveness Report, 2020
* 10 Battleground elections
* 11 Fundraising by candidate
* 12 Fundraising by party
* 12.1 Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee
* 12.2 National Republican Senatorial Committee
* 13 Special elections
* 13.1 Historical special election data
* 13.1.1 Special elections, 2013-2022
* 13.1.2 Special elections, 1986-2012
* 14 Presidential election data
* 15 States that held both gubernatorial and U.S. Senate elections in 2020
* 16 Important dates and deadlines
* 17 Filed candidates by political party
* 18 Congressional approval rating
* 18.1 Noteworthy events
* 18.1.1 Supreme Court vacancy, 2020
* 18.2 Ballot access requirements
* 18.3 Wave elections
* 19 Analysis of federal elections, 2020
* 19.1 Election analysis
* 20 See also
* 21 External links
* 22 Footnotes

## 2020 election analysis and context[edit]

See also: Election results, 2020: Control of the U.S. Senate

Updated 5:10 p.m. ET on January 6, 2021

As a result of the 2020 U.S. Senate elections, Democrats and Republicans split the chamber 50-50, with Vice President (starting January 20, 2021, Democrat Kamala Harris) having the tie-breaking vote. Heading into the November 3, 2020, elections, Republicans held 53 seats in the U.S. Senate, with Democrats holding 45 and independents who caucus with Democrats holding the remaining two.

Democrats won control of the U.S. Senate following two runoff elections in Georgia on January 5, 2021. Raphael Warnock (D) won the special runoff election and Jon Ossoff (D) won the regular runoff election. Before the runoffs, Republicans had secured 50 seats and Democrats had secured 48 seats (including among them two seats held by independents who caucus with Democrats).

Democrats flipped four seats and Republicans flipped one:

* Tommy Tuberville (R) defeated incumbent Doug Jones (D) in Alabama.
* Mark Kelly (D) defeated incumbent Martha McSally (R) in Arizona's special election.
* John Hickenlooper (D) defeated incumbent Cory Gardner (R) in Colorado.
* Raphael Warnock (D) defeated Kelly Loeffler (R) in Georgia.
* Jon Ossoff (D) defeated David Perdue (R) in Georgia.

Thirty-five of the 100 seats were up in 2020, including two special elections. Twenty-three of those seats were held by Republicans and 12 by Democrats, giving Republicans greater partisan risk in 2020.

Ballotpedia tracked 16 of the 35 races as battlegrounds, including 12 for Republican-held seats and four for Democratic-held seats. Both parties defended two seats that the other party's presidential nominee won in 2016, with Democrats defending seats in Alabama and Michigan and Republicans defending seats in Colorado and Maine. The last time this set of seats was up, in 2014, nine flipped, all from Democratic to Republican.

Four of the seats up were open, meaning the incumbent was not running for re-election. Three of those seats were held by Republicans and one by a Democrat. The four senators were retiring from public office.

## Partisan breakdown[edit]

Democrats gained a net three Senate seats in the 2020 general elections, winning control of the chamber. Republicans held 50 seats following the election, while Democrats had 48 seats and independents who caucus with Democrats held the remaining two. Vice President Kamala Harris (D) had the tiebreaking vote.

U.S. Senate Partisan Breakdown

Party  | As of January 3, 2019  | After the 2020 Election
| Democratic Party | 45  | 48[1]
| Republican Party | 53 | 50
| Independent  | 2  | 2[1]
| Vacancies  | 0  | 0
Total |  100 |  100

The chart below shows historical partisan breakdown information for the chamber.

Click "show" to the right to read about changes in partisan control in the Senate since 2000.|

|

From 2000 to 2018, partisan control of the U.S. Senate changed four times. Republicans controlled the chamber entering 2000. Democrats temporarily took a one-vote majority in the Senate after Vermont Sen. Jim Jeffords decided to leave the Republican Party, serve as an independent, and caucus with the Democrats in 2001. Shortly before the 2002 midterm election, however, Minnesota Sen. Paul Wellstone (D) was killed in a plane crash. His replacement, former Vice President Walter Mondale (D), was defeated by Norm Coleman (R). Following the midterm election, Coleman became the 51st Republican senator.[2] In 2005 and 2006, Republicans reached a high of 55 seats compared to the Democrats' 45.

Republicans lost control of the Senate in 2007 following the previous year's midterm election. Democrats won a 51-49 majority that year, which grew to a 59-41 split in 2010. The Senate changed hands again following the 2014 midterm election, and Republicans held a 54-46 majority in 2015 and 2016. This majority fell to a 52-48 split in 2017, and with the special election victory of Alabama Sen. Doug Jones (D) shrinking the Republican majority to 51-49 in 2018. Republicans won two seats in the 2018 elections, bringing their majority to 53-47 at the start of 2019.

The majority of the U.S. Senate can sometimes shift due to unexpected circumstances. A historical example of this would be 1953, when the Republican majority in the Senate shrank to 48-47 after Oregon Sen. Wayne Morse left the Republican Party to become an independent. Nine senators died from 1953 to 1955. When Ohio Sen. Robert Taft (R) died during the summer of 1953, a Democrat was appointed to replace him, which gave the Democratic Party a one-vote majority. The following summer, Wyoming Sen. Lester Hunt (D) committed suicide and a Republican was appointed to replace him. This flipped the majority back into Republican control.[2]

## Election results[edit]

Staff Writer Marielle Bricker gives an overview of the 2020 United States Senate election

View other episodes here.

Twelve seats held by Democrats and 23 seats held by Republicans were up for election in 2020, including the Arizona special election and the Georgia special election. In 2020, Democrats had a net gain of three seats and controlled 50 seats at the beginning of the 117th Congress. The map and table below show what seats were up for election and the incumbent heading into the election in each race.

United States Senate elections, 2020

State  | Pre-election incumbent  | Year first elected  | Last election margin of victory (% points)  | Winner  | Partisan change?
Alabama |  Doug Jones | 2017 | 1.7 |  Tommy Tuberville | Yes
Alaska |  Dan Sullivan | 2014 | 2.2 |  Dan Sullivan | No
Arizona |  Martha McSally | N/A | 13.7 |  Mark Kelly | Yes
Arkansas |  Tom Cotton | 2014 | 17.0 |  Tom Cotton | No
Colorado |  Cory Gardner | 2014 | 1.9 |  John Hickenlooper | Yes
Delaware |  Chris Coons | 2010 | 13.6 |  Chris Coons | No
Georgia |  David Perdue | 2014 | 7.7 |  Jon Ossoff | Yes
Georgia |  Kelly Loeffler | N/A | 13.8 |  Raphael Warnock | Yes
Idaho |  Jim Risch | 2008 | 30.6 |  Jim Risch | No
Illinois |  Dick Durbin | 1996 | 10.8 |  Dick Durbin | No
Iowa |  Joni Ernst | 2014 | 8.3 |  Joni Ernst | No
Kansas |  Pat Roberts | 1996 | 10.6 |  Roger Marshall | No
Kentucky |  Mitch McConnell | 1984 | 15.5 |  Mitch McConnell | No
Louisiana |  Bill Cassidy | 2014 | 11.8 |  Bill Cassidy | No
Maine |  Susan Collins | 1996 | 36.2 |  Susan Collins | No
Massachusetts |  Ed Markey | 2013 | 22.8 |  Ed Markey | No
Michigan |  Gary Peters | 2014 | 13.3 |  Gary Peters | No
Minnesota |  Tina Smith | 2018 | 10.6 |  Tina Smith | No
Mississippi |  Cindy Hyde-Smith | 2018 | 7.2 |  Cindy Hyde-Smith | No
Montana |  Steve Daines | 2014 | 17.7 |  Steve Daines | No
Nebraska |  Ben Sasse | 2014 | 32.9 |  Ben Sasse | No
New Hampshire |  Jeanne Shaheen | 2008 | 3.3 |  Jeanne Shaheen | No
New Jersey |  Cory Booker | 2013 | 13.5 |  Cory Booker | No
New Mexico |  Tom Udall | 2008 | 11.2 |  Ben Ray Lujan | No
North Carolina |  Thom Tillis | 2014 | 1.5 |  Thom Tillis | No
Oklahoma |  Jim Inhofe | 1994 | 39.5 |  Jim Inhofe | No
Oregon |  Jeff Merkley | 2008 | 18.8 |  Jeff Merkley | No
Rhode Island |  Jack Reed | 1996 | 41.4 |  Jack Reed | No
South Carolina |  Lindsey Graham | 2002 | 15.7 |  Lindsey Graham | No
South Dakota |  Mike Rounds | 2014 | 20.9 |  Mike Rounds | No
Tennessee |  Lamar Alexander | 2014 | 30.0 |  Bill Hagerty | No
Texas |  John Cornyn | 2002 | 27.2 |  John Cornyn | No
Virginia |  Mark Warner | 2008 | 0.8 |  Mark Warner | No
West Virginia |  Shelley Moore Capito | 2014 | 27.6 |  Shelley Moore Capito | No
Wyoming |  Mike Enzi | 1996 | 54.8 |  Cynthia Lummis | No

## Incumbents defeated[edit]

This section tracked incumbents defeated in 2020.

### Incumbents defeated in the general election[edit]

The following table lists incumbents defeated in the 2020 general election for U.S. Senate.

U.S. Senate incumbents defeated in the 2020 general election

State  | Incumbent  | Election winner
Alabama |  Doug Jones |  Tommy Tuberville
Arizona |  Martha McSally |  Mark Kelly
Colorado |  Cory Gardner |  John Hickenlooper
Georgia |  David Perdue |  Jon Ossoff
Georgia |  Kelly Loeffler |  Raphael Warnock

### Incumbents defeated in primaries[edit]

No U.S. Senate incumbents were defeated in primaries in 2020.

## Margin of victory[edit]

See also: Election results, 2020: Congressional margin of victory analysis

The margin of victory (MOV) for each race is calculated by examining the percentage difference between the two candidates who received the most votes. If the race was uncontested, the margin of victory is listed as 100%. Some quick facts:

* The average margin of victory was 18.1%. This was higher than the 16.8% average in 2018, but lower than the 22.1% average in 2016 or the 22.6% average in 2014.
* On average, Democrats won by smaller margins than Republicans. The average MOV for winning Republicans was 22.0%, while Democratic winners averaged a MOV of 12.8%.
* The closest race was the regularly-scheduled election in Georgia, where challenger Jon Ossoff (D) defeated incumbent David Perdue (R) by 0.83 percent of the vote.

Click [show] to view a list of U.S. Senate elections in 2020 and their margins of victory|

|

|  | U.S. Senate margins of victory, 2020

State  | Votes cast  | Winner  | Winner votes  | Runner-up  | Runner-up votes  | Margin  | Margin (%)
U.S. Senate, Alabama | 2,316,445 |  Tommy Tuberville | 1,392,076 |  Doug Jones | 920,478 | 471,598 | 20.36%
U.S. Senate, Alaska | 354,587 |  Daniel S. Sullivan | 191,112 |  Al Gross | 146,068 | 45,044 | 12.70%
U.S. Senate, Arizona (special election) | 3,355,317 |  Mark Kelly | 1,716,467 |  Martha McSally | 1,637,661 | 78,806 | 2.35%
U.S. Senate, Arkansas | 1,193,261 |  Tom Cotton | 793,871 |  Ricky Dale Harrington Jr. | 399,390 | 394,481 | 33.06%
U.S. Senate, Colorado | 3,235,659 |  John Hickenlooper | 1,731,114 |  Cory Gardner | 1,429,492 | 301,622 | 9.32%
U.S. Senate, Delaware | 490,935 |  Chris Coons | 291,804 |  Lauren Witzke | 186,054 | 105,750 | 21.54%
U.S. Senate, Georgia | 4,484,902 |  Jon Ossoff | 2,269,923 |  David Perdue | 2,214,979 | 54,944 | 1.23%
U.S. Senate, Georgia (special election) | 4,484,954 |  Raphael Warnock | 2,289,113 |  Kelly Loeffler | 2,195,841 | 93,272 | 2.08%
U.S. Senate, Idaho | 859,827 |  Jim Risch | 538,446 |  Paulette Jordan | 285,864 | 252,582 | 29.38%
U.S. Senate, Illinois | 5,968,901 |  Dick Durbin | 3,278,930 |  Mark Curran | 2,319,870 | 959,060 | 16.07%
U.S. Senate, Iowa | 1,671,828 |  Joni Ernst | 864,997 |  Theresa Greenfield | 754,859 | 110,138 | 6.59%
U.S. Senate, Kansas | 1,367,755 |  Roger Marshall | 727,962 |  Barbara Bollier | 571,530 | 156,432 | 11.44%
U.S. Senate, Kentucky | 2,135,055 |  Mitch McConnell | 1,233,315 |  Amy McGrath | 816,257 | 417,058 | 19.53%
U.S. Senate, Louisiana | 2,071,543 |  Bill Cassidy | 1,228,908 |  Adrian Perkins | 394,049 | 834,859 | 40.30%
U.S. Senate, Maine | 819,183 |  Susan Collins | 417,645 |  Sara Gideon | 347,223 | 70,422 | 8.60%
U.S. Senate, Massachusetts | 3,564,136 |  Edward Markey | 2,357,809 |  Kevin O'Connor | 1,177,765 | 1,180,044 | 33.11%
U.S. Senate, Michigan | 5,479,720 |  Gary Peters | 2,734,568 |  John James | 2,642,233 | 92,335 | 1.69%
U.S. Senate, Minnesota | 3,209,198 |  Tina Smith | 1,566,522 |  Jason Lewis | 1,398,145 | 168,377 | 5.25%
U.S. Senate, Mississippi | 1,311,354 |  Cindy Hyde-Smith | 709,511 |  Mike Espy | 578,691 | 130,820 | 9.98%
U.S. Senate, Montana | 605,637 |  Steve Daines | 333,174 |  Steve Bullock | 272,463 | 60,711 | 10.02%
U.S. Senate, Nebraska | 930,012 |  Ben Sasse | 583,507 |  Chris Janicek | 227,191 | 356,316 | 38.31%
U.S. Senate, New Hampshire | 795,914 |  Jeanne Shaheen | 450,778 |  Bryant Messner | 326,229 | 124,549 | 15.65%
U.S. Senate, New Jersey | 4,440,440 |  Cory Booker | 2,541,178 |  Rik Mehta | 1,817,052 | 724,126 | 16.31%
U.S. Senate, New Mexico | 917,237 |  Ben Ray Luján | 474,483 |  Mark Ronchetti | 418,483 | 56,000 | 6.11%
U.S. Senate, North Carolina | 5,474,952 |  Thom Tillis | 2,665,598 |  Cal Cunningham | 2,569,965 | 95,633 | 1.75%
U.S. Senate, Oklahoma | 1,556,361 |  Jim Inhofe | 979,140 |  Abby Broyles | 509,763 | 469,377 | 30.16%
U.S. Senate, Oregon | 2,321,249 |  Jeff Merkley | 1,321,047 |  Jo Rae Perkins | 912,814 | 408,233 | 17.59%
U.S. Senate, Rhode Island | 494,262 |  Jack Reed | 328,574 |  Allen Waters | 164,855 | 163,719 | 33.12%
U.S. Senate, South Carolina | 2,515,104 |  Lindsey Graham | 1,369,137 |  Jaime R. Harrison | 1,110,828 | 258,309 | 10.27%
U.S. Senate, South Dakota | 420,219 |  Mike Rounds | 276,232 |  Dan Ahlers | 143,987 | 132,245 | 31.47%
U.S. Senate, Tennessee | 2,959,761 |  Bill Hagerty | 1,840,926 |  Marquita Bradshaw | 1,040,691 | 800,235 | 27.04%
U.S. Senate, Texas | 11,144,040 |  John Cornyn | 5,962,983 |  M.J. Hegar | 4,888,764 | 1,074,219 | 9.64%
U.S. Senate, Virginia | 4,405,087 |  Mark Warner | 2,466,500 |  Daniel Gade | 1,934,199 | 532,301 | 12.08%
U.S. Senate, West Virginia | 778,918 |  Shelley Moore Capito | 547,454 |  Paula Jean Swearengin | 210,309 | 337,145 | 43.28%
U.S. Senate, Wyoming | 271,937 |  Cynthia Lummis | 198,100 |  Merav Ben-David | 72,766 | 125,334 | 46.09%

## Outside ratings[edit]

The following table compared U.S. Senate race ratings from The Cook Political Report, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and Inside Elections prior to the November 2020 elections.

## Seats that changed party hands in 2014[edit]

See also: United States Senate elections, 2014

In 2014—the last time the 33 seats up for regular election in 2020 were up for election—nine seats changed party hands. Republicans picked up all nine seats.

Senate seats that changed party hands, 2014

State  | Pre-election incumbent  | 2014 winner  | Margin of victory (% points)  | 2020 rating: Cook[3] | 2020 rating: Inside Elections[4] | 2020 rating: Sabato[5]
Alaska |  Mark Begich |  Dan Sullivan | 2.2 | Lean Republican | Lean Republican | Lean Republican
Arkansas |  Mark Pryor |  Tom Cotton | 17.0 | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Safe Republican
Colorado |  Mark Udall |  Cory Gardner | 1.9 | Lean Democratic | Lean Democratic | Likely Democratic
Iowa |  Tom Harkin |  Joni Ernst | 8.3 | Toss-up | Toss-up | Lean Republican
Louisiana |  Mary Landrieu |  Bill Cassidy | 11.8 | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Safe Republican
Montana |  John Walsh |  Steve Daines | 17.7 | Toss-up | Toss-up | Lean Republican
North Carolina |  Kay Hagan |  Thom Tillis | 1.5 | Toss-up | Tilt Democratic | Lean Democratic
South Dakota |  Tim Johnson |  Mike Rounds | 20.9 | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Safe Republican
West Virginia |  Jay Rockefeller |  Shelley Moore Capito | 27.6 | Solid Republican | Solid Republican | Safe Republican

## Incumbents who didn't seek re-election in 2020[edit]

See also: List of U.S. Congress incumbents who did not run for re-election in 2020

* 1 Democrat
* 3 Republicans

Retiring from public office, 2020

Name  | Party  | State  | Date announced  | 2020 winner's party
Lamar Alexander |  Republican | Tennessee | December 17, 2018 |  Republican
Mike Enzi |  Republican | Wyoming | May 4, 2019 |  Republican
Pat Roberts |  Republican | Kansas | January 4, 2019 |  Republican
Tom Udall |  Democratic | New Mexico | March 25, 2019 |  Democratic

### Historical comparison[edit]

The following table includes figures on Democratic and Republican members of Congress who either left office during their term or announced that they would not seek re-election for each election year since 2012.

Outgoing members of Congress, 2012-2018

Year | Chamber | Democrats not seeking re-election | Republicans not seeking re-election | Total not seeking re-election | Democrats leaving office early | Republicans leaving office early | Total leaving office early
2018
U.S. Senate | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3
U.S. House | 18 | 34 | 52 | 3 | 14 | 17
Total | 18 | 37 | 55 | 4 | 16 | 20
2016
U.S. Senate | 3 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0
U.S. House | 16 | 24 | 40 | 2 | 5 | 7
Total | 19 | 26 | 45 | 2 | 5 | 7
2014
U.S. Senate | 5 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 5
U.S. House | 16 | 25 | 41 | 3 | 6 | 9
Total | 21 | 27 | 48 | 6 | 8 | 14
2012
U.S. Senate | 6 | 3 | 10[6] | 0 | 0 | 0
U.S. House | 23 | 20 | 43 | 4 | 1 | 5
Total | 29 | 23 | 53 | 4 | 1 | 5

## Annual Congressional Competitiveness Report, 2020[edit]

See also: Annual Congressional Competitiveness Report, 2020

Ballotpedia's Annual Congressional Competitiveness report for 2020 includes information on the number of elections featuring candidates from both major parties, the number of open seats, and more.

HIGHLIGHTS

* More U.S. House races were contested by members of both major parties than in any general election since at least 1920, with 95.4% of races (415 of 435) featuring major party competition.[7][8]

* Of the U.S. Representatives and U.S. Senators who were eligible to run for re-election in 2018, 55 of them (11.8%) did not appear on the general election ballot in 2020.

* In the 53 open seats where an incumbent either did not seek re-election or was defeated in a primary, there were 13 races where the incumbent's district overlapped at least one pivot county (a county that voted for President Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012, before switching to support President Donald Trump (R) in 2016).

* In 20 races, only one major party candidate appeared on the general election ballot, the lowest number compared to the preceding decade.

Click here to view the full report.

## Battleground elections[edit]

See also: U.S. Senate battlegrounds, 2020

Ballotpedia identified 16 races as general election battlegrounds. Of the 16 seats, four had Democratic incumbents and 12 had Republican incumbents heading into the election.

These battleground seats were selected by examining the results of the 2016 presidential election in the state, whether the incumbent was seeking re-election, and whether the incumbent was serving his or her first term in the Senate. Race ratings from the Cook Political Report, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and Inside Elections with Nathan Gonzales were also considered. For more information on our methodology, click here.

The following map displays the 2020 Senate battlegrounds shaded by the incumbent's or most recent incumbent's political affiliation. Hover over a state for more information.

Battleground U.S. Senate elections, 2020

State  | Incumbent  | Open seat?  | 2014 margin  | 2016 presidential margin  | 2020 election result
Alabama |  Doug Jones | No | R+94.5 | R+27.7 | R+20.4
Arizona (special) |  Martha McSally | No | R+13.0[9] | R+3.5 | D+2.4
Colorado |  Cory Gardner | No | R+1.9 | D+4.9 | D+9.3
Georgia |  David Perdue | No | R+7.7 | R+5.2 | D+1.2
Georgia (special) |  Kelly Loeffler | No | R+13.8[10] | R+5.2 | D+2.0
Iowa |  Joni Ernst | No | R+8.3 | R+9.4 | R+6.5
Kansas |  Pat Roberts | Yes | R+10.6 | R+20.6 | R+11.4
Kentucky |  Mitch McConnell | No | R+15.5 | R+29.8 | R+19.6
Maine |  Susan Collins | No | R+36.2 | D+3.0 | R+8.6
Michigan |  Gary Peters | No | D+13.3 | R+0.2 | D+1.7
Minnesota |  Tina Smith | No | D+10.2 | D+1.5 | D+5.2
Montana |  Steve Daines | No | R+17.7 | R+20.5 | R+10.0
New Hampshire |  Jeanne Shaheen | No | D+3.2 | D+0.4 | D+15.6
North Carolina |  Thom Tillis | No | R+1.6 | R+3.7 | R+1.8
South Carolina |  Lindsey Graham | No | R+17.7 | R+14.2 | R+10.2
Texas |  John Cornyn | No | R+27.2 | R+9.0 | R+9.6

## Fundraising by candidate[edit]

The following table shows the top U.S. Senate fundraisers of the 2020 election cycle based on FEC filings through October 14, 2020.

## Fundraising by party[edit]

See also: Party committee fundraising, 2019-2020

### Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee[edit]

See also: Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee

The Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee (DSCC) reported the following fundraising amounts for the 2021-22 election cycle:

Monthly fundraising for the DSCC for the 2021-22 election cycle

Month
(Dates covered) | Total receipts  | Total disbursements  | Cash on hand (end of month)  | Debts owed (end of month)  | FEC document
Year-End 2022
(November 29-December 31, 2022) | $9,865,360.61 | $14,916,360.74 | $8,595,217.87 | $20,000,000.00 | Filing
Post-General 2022
(October 20-November 28, 2022) | $35,320,088.66 | $55,785,192.43 | $13,646,218.00 | $20,000,000.00 | Filing
Pre-General 2022
(October 1-19, 2022) | $37,191,286.44 | $39,542,256.21 | $34,111,521.77 | $20,000,000.00 | Filing
October 2022
(September 1-30, 2022) | $28,769,311.90 | $38,151,774.31 | $36,459,491.54 | $0.00 | Filing
September 2022
(August 1-31, 2022) | $12,578,749.01 | $20,881,341.49 | $45,841,953.95 | $0.00 | Filing
August 2022
(July 1-31, 2022) | $10,102,351.75 | $9,496,094.09 | $54,144,546.43 | $0.00 | Filing
July 2022
(June 1-30, 2022) | $12,566,902.59 | $11,167,743.78 | $53,538,288.77 | $0.00 | Filing
June 2022
(May 1-31, 2022) | $11,900,623.32 | $6,599,838.15 | $52,139,129.96 | $0.00 | Filing
May 2022
(April 1-30, 2022) | $8,269,244.48 | $5,995,292.65 | $45,983,531.45 | $0.00 | Filing
April 2022
(March 1-31, 2022) | $12,524,106.59 | $6,681,395.51 | $43,709,579.62 | $0.00 | Filing
March 2022
(Feb. 1-28, 2022) | $15,012,444.42 | $6,401,962.44 | $37,866,868.54 | $0.00 | Filing
February 2022
(Jan. 1-31, 2022) | $10,666,141.34 | $5,104,332.75 | $29,256,386.56 | $0.00 | Filing
Year-End 2021
(Dec. 1-31, 2021) | $10,128,189.49 | $4,646,697.73 | $23,694,577.97 | $0.00 | Filing
December 2021
(Nov. 1-30, 2021) | $6,846,254.23 | $4,523,655.04 | $18,213,086.21 | $0.00 | Filing
November 2021
(Oct. 1-31, 2021) | $6,981,887.03 | $4,481,716.90 | $15,890,487.02 | $0.00 | Filing
October 2021
(Sept. 1-30, 2021) | $8,037,630.15 | $5,145,998.03 | $13,390,316.89 | $0.00 | Filing
September 2021
(Aug. 1-31, 2021) | $6,153,202.01 | $5,922,536.51 | $10,498,684.77 | $0.00 | Filing
August 2021
(July 1-31, 2021) | $6,473,053.97 | $7,770,185.85 | $10,268,019.27 | $2,000,000.00 | Filing
July 2021
(June 1-30, 2021) | $10,123,541.88 | $11,190,766.21 | $11,565,151.15 | $5,000,000.00 | Filing
June 2021
(May 1-31, 2021) | $7,168,163.64 | $7,258,068.33 | $12,632,375.48 | $8,000,000.00 | Filing
May 2021
(April 1-30, 2021) | $6,642,177.58 | $7,100,453.56 | $12,722,280.17 | $11,000,000.00 | Filing
April 2021
(March 1-31, 2021) | $9,292,748.21 | $6,315,393.50 | $13,180,556.15 | $15,000,000.00 | Filing
March 2021
(Feb. 1-28, 2021) | $7,265,921.55 | $6,108,300.17 | $10,203,201.44 | $18,000,000.00 | Filing
February 2021
(Jan. 1-31, 2021) | $6,094,399.76 | $6,833,277.29 | $9,045,580.06 | $20,000,000.00 | Filing

The Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee (DSCC) reported the following fundraising amounts for the 2019-20 election cycle:

Monthly fundraising for the DSCC for the 2019-20 election cycle

Month
(Dates covered) | Total receipts  | Total disbursements  | Cash on hand (end of month)  | Debts owed (end of month)  | FEC document
Year-End 2020
(Nov. 24 - Dec. 31, 2020) | $23,980,459.46 | $31,688,232.18 | $9,784,457.59 | $20,000,000.00 | Filing
Post-General 2020
(Oct. 15 - Nov. 23, 2020) | $35,600,342.20 | $49,865,876.04 | $17,492,230.31 | $20,621,140.69 | Filing
Pre-General 2020
(Oct. 1-14, 2020) | $35,331,507.60 | $33,622,084.90 | $31,757,764.15 | $0.00 | Filing
October 2020
(Sept. 1-30, 2020) | $43,766,388.33 | $54,708,807.24 | $30,048,341.45 | $664,202.94 | Filing
September 2020
(Aug. 1-31, 2020) | $26,933,943.47 | $25,951,407.81 | $40,990,760.36 | $685,632.46 | Filing
August 2020
(July 1-31, 2020) | $13,126,055.11 | $10,856,069.90 | $40,008,224.70 | $707,011.35 | Filing
July 2020
(June 1-30, 2020) | $13,594,066.34 | $8,212,855.51 | $37,738,239.49 | $728,395.24 | Filing
June 2020
(May 1-31, 2020) | $11,241,636.65 | $7,691,856.06 | $32,357,028.66 | $749,595.76 | Filing
May 2020
(Apr. 1-30, 2020) | $8,956,862.79 | $5,028,784.99 | $28,807,248.07 | $770,411.86 | Filing
April 2020
(Mar. 1-31, 2020) | $10,992,303.31 | $6,057,453.55 | $24,879,170.27 | $790,686.39 | Filing
March 2020
(Feb. 1-29, 2020) | $8,887,049.10 | $8,693,457.16 | $19,944,320.51 | $1,810,934.04 | Filing
February 2020
(Jan. 1-31, 2020) | $8,546,346.55 | $7,464,236.52 | $19,750,728.57 | $4,830,923.92 | Filing
Year-End 2019
(Dec. 1-31, 2019) | $7,321,304.42 | $5,989,621.81 | $18,668,618.52 | $6,850,905.89 | Filing
December 2019
(Nov. 1-30, 2019) | $5,751,538.91 | $5,768,449.98 | $17,336,935.91 | $7,870,851.77 | Filing
November 2019
(Oct. 1-31, 2019) | $5,385,905.73 | $5,634,676.70 | $17,353,846.98 | $9,890,430.12 | Filing
October 2019
(Sept. 1-30, 2019) | $6,758,475.89 | $5,344,759.24 | $17,602,617.95 | $11,909,994.54 | Filing
September 2019
(Aug. 1-31, 2019) | $4,740,235.97 | $5,500,212.89 | $16,188,901.30 | $13,929,262.72 | Filing
August 2019
(July 1-31, 2019) | $4,787,675.39 | $2,629,871.71 | $16,948,878.22 | $15,948,312.35 | Filing
July 2019
(June 1-30, 2019) | $5,546,286.08 | $3,863,708.54 | $14,791,074.54 | $15,967,382.88 | Filing
June 2019
(May 1-31, 2019) | $4,512,788.16 | $5,330,937.09 | $13,108,497.00 | $0.00 | Filing
May 2019
(Apr. 1-30, 2019) | $4,360,277.62 | $3,217,150.73 | $13,921,920.07 | $19,005,065.53 | Filing
April 2019
(Mar. 1-31, 2019) | $5,875,324.31 | $4,298,364.03 | $12,778,793.18 | $19,163,559.94 | Filing
March 2019
(Feb. 1-28, 2019) | $3,836,700.57 | $1,584,704.25 | $11,201,832.90 | $21,042,710.77 | Filing
February 2019
(Jan. 1-31, 2019) | $4,045,134.75 | $1,280,456.07 | $8,949,836.58 | $21,061,176.57 | Filing

### National Republican Senatorial Committee[edit]

See also: National Republican Senatorial Committee

The National Republican Senatorial Committee (NRSC) reported the following fundraising amounts for the 2021-22 election cycle:

Monthly fundraising for the NRSC for the 2021-22 election cycle

Month
(Dates covered) | Total receipts  | Total disbursements  | Cash on hand (end of month)  | Debts owed (end of month)  | FEC document
Year-End 2022
(November 29-December 31, 2022) | $3,372,124.04 | $5,784,107.36 | $8,177,735.85 | $20,000,000.00 | Filing
Post-General 2022
(October 20-November 28, 2022) | $12,054,403.63 | $15,155,797.37 | $10,589,719.17 | $20,000,000.00 | Filing
Pre-General 2022
(October 1-19, 2022) | $15,468,969.33 | $15,452,555.70 | $13,691,112.91 | $20,000,000.00 | Filing
October 2022
(September 1-30, 2022) | $25,016,489.17 | $27,341,833.7 | $13,674,699.28 | $0.00 | Filing
September 2022
(August 1-31, 2022) | $12,613,097.87 | $19,778,682.06 | $16,000,043.81 | $0.00 | Filing
August 2022
(July 1-31, 2022) | $8,050,263.06 | $13,337,920.86 | $23,165,628.00 | $0.00 | Filing
July 2022
(June 1-30, 2022) | $9,456,309.22 | $17,006,565.16 | $28,453,285.80 | $0.00 | Filing
June 2022
(May 1-31, 2022) | $8,018,426.36 | $17,132,632.32 | $36,003,541.74 | $0.00 | Filing
May 2022
(April 1-30, 2022) | $8,146,970.56 | $7,164,015.84 | $45,117,747.70 | $0.00 | Filing
April 2022
(March 1-31, 2022) | $13,280,793.52 | $10,790,212.26 | $44,134,792.98 | $0.00 | Filing
March 2022
(Feb. 1-28, 2022) | $11,707,886.37 | $9,172,518.56 | $41,644,211.72 | $0.00 | Filing
February 2022
(Jan. 1-31, 2022) | $18,019,008.84 | $11,692,567.55 | $39,108,843.91 | $0.00 | Filing
Year-End 2021
(Dec. 1-31, 2021) | $11,236,079.02 | $8,541,350.07 | $32,782,402.62 | $0.00 | Filing
December 2021
(Nov. 1-30, 2021) | $8,389,156.42 | $7,985,767.53 | $30,087,673.67 | $0.00 | Filing
November 2021
(Oct. 1-31, 2021) | $9,001,481.07 | $7,089,100.08 | $29,684,284.78 | $0.00 | Filing
October 2021
(Sept. 1-30, 2021) | $9,531,613.39 | $6,998,909.18 | $27,771,903.79 | $0.00 | Filing
September 2021
(Aug. 1-31, 2021) | $8,004,299.83 | $6,902,129.94 | $25,239,199.58 | $0.00 | Filing
August 2021
(July 1-31, 2021) | $7,467,414.93 | $8,404,026.26 | $24,137,029.69 | $0.00 | Filing
July 2021
(June 1-30, 2021) | $10,523,491.53 | $6,153,766.10 | $25,073,641.02 | $0.00 | Filing
June 2021
(May 1-31, 2021) | $10,375,900.98 | $3,921,710.51 | $20,703,915.59 | $0.00 | Filing
May 2021
(April 1-30, 2021) | $7,206,465.03 | $5,290,732.63 | $14,249,725.12 | $0.00 | Filing
April 2021
(March 1-31, 2021) | $8,336,221.77 | $11,153,372.57 | $12,333,992.72 | $0.00 | Filing
March 2021
(Feb. 1-28, 2021) | $6,427,393.63 | $8,492,567.28 | $15,151,143.52 | $5,400,000.00 | Filing
February 2021
(Jan. 1-31, 2021) | $8,340,640.22 | $5,536,186.82 | $17,216,317.17 | $9,000,000.00 | Filing

The National Republican Senatorial Committee (NRSC) reported the following fundraising amounts for the 2019-20 election cycle:

Monthly fundraising for the NRSC for the 2019-20 election cycle

Month
(Dates covered) | Total receipts  | Total disbursements  | Cash on hand (end of month)  | Debts owed (end of month)  | FEC document
Year-End 2020
(Nov. 24 - Dec. 31, 2020) | $43,032,018.48 | $65,451,234.64 | $14,411,863.77 | $9,000,000.00 | Filing
Post-General 2020
(Oct. 15 - Nov. 23, 2020) | $75,545,792.20 | $57,053,982.04 | $36,831,079.93 | $18,023,850.00 | Filing
Pre-General 2020
(Oct. 1-14, 2020) | $19,310,128.33 | $23,608,784.20 | $18,339,269.77 | $10,000,000.00 | Filing
October 2020
(Sept. 1-30, 2020) | $32,704,196.62 | $23,655,932.90 | $22,637,925.64 | $6,000,000.00 | Filing
September 2020
(Aug. 1-31, 2020) | $19,011,898.74 | $21,811,488.95 | $13,589,661.92 | $0.00 | Filing
August 2020
(July 1-31, 2020) | $15,049,387.89 | $29,204,894.32 | $16,389,252.13 | $0.00 | Filing
July 2020
(June 1-30, 2020) | $14,010,051.79 | $23,499,907.40 | $30,544,758.56 | $0.00 | Filing
June 2020
(May 1-31, 2020) | $10,104,413.14 | $7,894,583.70 | $40,034,614.17 | $0.00 | Filing
May 2020
(Apr. 1-30, 2020) | $11,507,707.90 | $6,218,053.90 | $37,827,284.73 | $0.00 | Filing
April 2020
(Mar. 1-31, 2020) | $9,085,278.89 | $6,924,004.69 | $32,537,630.73 | $0.00 | Filing
March 2020
(Feb. 1-29, 2020) | $11,177,348.56 | $6,035,717.70 | $30,376,356.53 | $0.00 | Filing
February 2020
(Jan. 1-31, 2020) | $10,054,892.65 | $4,830,386.02 | $25,234,725.67 | $0.00 | Filing
Year-End 2019
(Dec. 1-31, 2019) | $7,011,164.74 | $5,011,674.33 | $20,010,219.04 | $0.00 | Filing
December 2019
(Nov. 1-30, 2019) | $6,239,031.10 | $3,233,010.22 | $18,010,728.63 | $0.00 | Filing
November 2019
(Oct. 1-31, 2019) | $6,693,286.68 | $4,757,833.35 | $15,004,707.75 | $0.00 | Filing
October 2019
(Sept. 1-30, 2019) | $5,070,354.27 | $3,636,725.01 | $13,069,254.42 | $0.00 | Filing
September 2019
(Aug. 1-31, 2019) | $3,711,685.29 | $3,778,870.03 | $11,635,625.16 | $1,275,000.00 | Filing
August 2019
(July 1-31, 2019) | $4,346,443.23 | $5,207,700.04 | $11,702,809.90 | $2,275,000.00 | Filing
July 2019
(June 1-30, 2019) | $5,716,943.47 | $4,425,850.59 | $12,564,066.71 | $4,500,000.00 | Filing
June 2019
(May 1-31, 2019) | $4,841,510.07 | $4,872,670.02 | $11,272,973.83 | $6,000,000.00 | Filing
May 2019
(Apr. 1-30, 2019) | $4,525,407.72 | $5,312,206.62 | $11,304,133.78 | $7,500,000.00 | Filing
April 2019
(Mar. 1-31, 2019) | $7,549,651.35 | $5,030,433.85 | $12,090,932.68 | $9,000,000.00 | Filing
March 2019
(Feb. 1-28, 2019) | $6,384,969.14 | $4,402,730.52 | $9,571,715.18 | $12,000,000.00 | Filing
February 2019
(Jan. 1-31, 2019) | $5,579,820.31 | $5,488,279.53 | $7,589,476.56 | $14,000,000.00 | Filing

## Special elections[edit]

See also: Special elections to the 116th United States Congress (2019-2020)

Special elections to United States Senate are often required in the event of vacancies. This table lists special Senate elections from 2019 to 2020.

Results of special elections to the 116th Congress (Senate)

Race  | Election date  | Incumbent  | Winner  | Election MOV  | Previous election MOV  | 2016 Presidential election MOV
U.S. Senate in Arizona | November 3, 2020 |  Martha McSally[11] |  Mark Kelly | D+3 | D+2 | R+4
U.S. Senate in Georgia | January 5, 2021 (runoff) |  Kelly Loeffler[12] |  Raphael Warnock | D+2.1 | R+14 | R+5

### Historical special election data[edit]

#### Special elections, 2013-2022[edit]

From 2013 to 2022, 67 special elections to the United States Congress were called during the 113th through 117th Congresses. During that time, special elections were called for 23 seats vacated by Democrats and 44 vacated by Republicans.

The table below details how many congressional seats changed parties as the result of a special election between 2013 and 2022. The numbers on the left side of the table reflect how many vacant seats were originally held by each party, while the numbers on the right side of the table show how many vacant seats each party won in special elections.

Congressional special election vacancies and results, 113th Congress to 117th Congress

Congress  | Total elections held  | Vacancies before elections  | Seats held after elections  | Net change
Democrats  |  Republicans  |  Democrats  |  Republicans
117th Congress | 17 | 7 | 10 | 7 | 10 | No change
116th Congress | 10 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 6 | +1D, -1R
115th Congress | 17 | 4 | 13 | 8 | 9 | +4 D, -4 R
114th Congress | 7 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 5 | No change
113th Congress | 16 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 9 | No change
Averages | 13 | 4 | 8 | 5 | 7 | N/A

U.S. Senate special election partisan change from special elections, 113th Congress to 117th Congress

Party  | As of special election  | After special election
Democrats | 5 | 8
Republicans | 7 | 4
Total | 12 | 12
U.S. House special election partisan change from special elections, 113th Congress to 117th Congress

Party  | As of special election  | After special election
Democrats | 18 | 20
Republicans | 37 | 35
Total | 55 | 55

To see a list of all the Congressional special elections referenced in the table above, click [show] at the right.

|

| Results of special elections to the 113th through 117th Congress

Race  | Election date  | Incumbent  | Winner  | Election MOV  | Previous election MOV
Illinois' 2nd Congressional District | April 9, 2013 |  Jesse L. Jackson, Jr. |  Robin Kelly | D+49 | D+40
South Carolina's 1st Congressional District | May 7, 2013 |  Tim Scott |  Mark Sanford | R+9 | R+26
Missouri's 8th Congressional District | June 4, 2013 |  Jo Ann Emerson |  Jason Smith | R+40 | R+47
U.S. Senate in Massachusetts | June 25, 2013 |  John Kerry |  Ed Markey | D+10 | D+34
U.S. Senate in New Jersey | October 16, 2013 |  Frank Lautenberg |  Cory Booker | D+11 | D+14
Louisiana's 5th Congressional District | November 16, 2013 |  Rodney Alexander |  Vance McAllister | R+19[13] | R+63
Massachusetts' 5th Congressional District | December 10, 2013 |  Ed Markey |  Katherine Clark | D+34 | D+23
Alabama's 1st Congressional District | December 17, 2013 |  Jo Bonner |  Bradley Byrne | R+41 | R+98[14]
Florida's 13th Congressional District | March 11, 2014 |  C. W. Bill Young |  David Jolly | R+2 | R+15
Florida's 19th Congressional District | June 24, 2014 |  Trey Radel |  Curt Clawson | R+38 | R+26
U.S. Senate in Hawaii | November 4, 2014 |  Daniel Inouye |  Brian Schatz | D+40 | D+25
U.S. Senate in South Carolina | November 4, 2014 |  Jim DeMint |  Tim Scott | R+24 | R+34
North Carolina's 12th Congressional District | November 4, 2014 |  Melvin Watt |  Alma Adams | D+51 | D+59
U.S. Senate in Oklahoma | November 4, 2014 |  Tom Coburn |  James Lankford | R+39 | R+45
Virginia's 7th Congressional District | November 4, 2014 |  Eric Cantor |  David Brat | R+24 | R+17
New Jersey's 1st Congressional District | November 4, 2014 |  Rob Andrews |  Donald Norcross | D+18 | D+38
New York's 11th Congressional District | May 5, 2015 |  Michael Grimm |  Daniel Donovan | R+19 | R+12
Mississippi's 1st Congressional District | May 12, 2015 |  Alan Nunnelee |  Trent Kelly | R+40 | R+39
Illinois' 18th Congressional District | September 10, 2015 |  Aaron Schock |  Darin LaHood | R+38 | R+49
Ohio's 8th Congressional District | June 7, 2016 |  John Boehner |  Warren Davidson | R+56 | R+40
Pennsylvania's 2nd Congressional District | November 8, 2016 |  Chaka Fattah |  Dwight Evans | D+81 | D+75
Hawaii's 1st Congressional District | November 8, 2016 |  Mark Takai |  Colleen Hanabusa | D+43 | D+4
Kentucky's 1st Congressional District | November 8, 2016 |  Ed Whitfield |  James Comer Jr. | R+44 | R+46
Kansas' 4th Congressional District | April 11, 2017 |  Mike Pompeo |  Ron Estes | R+6 | R+31
Montana's At-Large Congressional District | May 25, 2017 |  Ryan Zinke |  Greg Gianforte | R+6 | R+15
California's 34th Congressional District | June 6, 2017 |  Xavier Becerra |  Jimmy Gomez | D+18[15] | D+54[15]
Georgia's 6th Congressional District | June 20, 2017 |  Tom Price |  Karen Handel | R+4 | R+24
South Carolina's 5th Congressional District | June 20, 2017 |  Mick Mulvaney |  Ralph Norman | R+3 | R+20
Utah's 3rd Congressional District | November 7, 2017 |  Jason Chaffetz |  John Curtis | R+32 | R+47
U.S. Senate in Alabama | December 12, 2017 |  Jeff Sessions |  Doug Jones | D+2 | R+28
Pennsylvania's 18th Congressional District | March 13, 2018 |  Tim Murphy |  Conor Lamb | D+0[16] | R+100
Arizona's 8th Congressional District | April 24, 2018 |  Trent Franks |  Debbie Lesko | R+6 | R+38
Texas' 27th Congressional District | June 30, 2018 |  Blake Farenthold |  Michael Cloud | R+23 | R+24
Ohio's 12th Congressional District | August 7, 2018 |  Patrick Tiberi |  Troy Balderson | R+1 | R+40
Michigan's 13th Congressional District | November 6, 2018 |  John Conyers Jr. |  Brenda Jones | D+78 | D+61
U.S. Senate in Minnesota | November 6, 2018 |  Al Franken |  Tina Smith | D+11 | D+10
U.S. Senate in Mississippi | November 6, 2018 |  Thad Cochran |  Cindy Hyde-Smith | R+8 | R+22
New York's 25th Congressional District | November 6, 2018 |  Louise Slaughter |  Joseph Morelle | D+16 | D+12
Pennsylvania's 7th Congressional District | November 6, 2018 |  Patrick Meehan |  Mary Gay Scanlon | D+6 | R+19
Pennsylvania's 15th Congressional District | November 6, 2018 |  Charlie Dent |  Susan Wild | D+0[17] | R+20
Pennsylvania's 12th Congressional District | May 21, 2019 |  Tom Marino |  Fred Keller | R+36 | R+32
North Carolina's 3rd Congressional District | September 10, 2019 |  Walter Jones |  Greg Murphy | R+24 | R+100
North Carolina's 9th Congressional District | September 10, 2019 | None[18] |  Dan Bishop | R+2 | N/A
Maryland's 7th Congressional District | April 28, 2020 |  Elijah Cummings |  Kweisi Mfume | D+49 | D+55
California's 25th Congressional District | May 12, 2020 |  Katie Hill |  Mike Garcia | R+10 | D+9
Wisconsin's 7th Congressional District | May 12, 2020 |  Sean Duffy |  Tom Tiffany | R+14 | R+22
New York's 27th Congressional District | June 23, 2020 |  Chris Collins |  Christopher Jacobs | R+5 | R+0[19]
U.S. Senate in Arizona | November 3, 2020 |  John McCain |  Mark Kelly | D+2 | R+13
Georgia's 5th Congressional District | December 1, 2020 |  John Lewis |  Kwanza Hall | D+8 | D+100
U.S. Senate in Georgia | January 5, 2021 |  Kelly Loeffler |  Raphael Warnock | D+2 | R+14
Louisiana's 5th Congressional District | March 21, 2021 |  Ralph Abraham[20] |  Julia Letlow | R+38 | R+24[21]
Louisiana's 2nd Congressional District | April 24, 2021 |  Cedric Richmond |  Troy Carter | D+10[22] | D+49
New Mexico's 1st Congressional District | June 1, 2021 |  Debra Haaland |  Melanie Ann Stansbury | D+30 | D+16
Texas' 6th Congressional District | July 27, 2021 |  Ronald Wright |  Jake Ellzey | R+6[23] | R+9
Ohio's 11th Congressional District | November 2, 2021 |  Marcia Fudge |  Shontel Brown | D+58 | D+60
Ohio's 15th Congressional District | November 2, 2021 |  Steve Stivers |  Mike Carey | R+17 | R+27
Florida's 20th Congressional District | January 11, 2022 |  Alcee Hastings |  Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick | D+60 | D+57
California's 22nd Congressional District | June 7, 2022 |  Devin Nunes |  Connie Conway | R+24 | R+8
Texas' 34th Congressional District | June 14, 2022 |  Filemon Vela |  Mayra Flores | R+8 | D+14
Nebraska's 1st Congressional District | June 28, 2022 |  Jeffrey Fortenberry |  Mike Flood | R+6 | R+22
Minnesota's 1st Congressional District | August 9, 2022 |  Jim Hagedorn |  Brad Finstad | R+4 | R+3
Alaska's At-Large Congressional District | August 16, 2022 |  Don Young |  Mary Peltola | D+3 | R+9
New York's 19th Congressional District | August 23, 2022 |  Antonio Delgado |  Pat Ryan | D+2 | D+12
New York's 23rd Congressional District | August 23, 2022 |  Tom Reed |  Joe Sempolinski | R+7 | R+17
U.S. Senate in Oklahoma | November 8, 2022 |  Jim Inhofe |  Markwayne Mullin | R+26.6 | R+30
U.S. Senate in California | November 8, 2022 |  Kamala Harris |  Alex Padilla | D+17.6 | D+23.2
Indiana's 2nd Congressional District | November 8, 2022 |  Jackie Walorski |  Rudy Yakym | R+29.9 | R+23

#### Special elections, 1986-2012[edit]

The table below presents the results of special elections to Congress from 1986 to 2012. Contact Ballotpedia at editor@ballotpedia.org for access to earlier data.

Results of special elections to Congress (1986-2012)

Election cycle  | Total special elections  | U.S. House elections  | Seats changing partisan control  | U.S. Senate elections  | Seats changing partisan control
2011-2012 | 11 | 11 | None | None | None
2009-2010 | 15 | 10 | 3 (2 Democratic gains; 1 Republican gain) | 5 | 2 (all Republican gains)
2007-2008 | 14 | 12 | 3 (2 Republican gains; 1 Democratic gain) | 2 | None
2005-2006 | 12 | 12 | 3 (all Democratic gains) | None | None
2003-2004 | 6 | 6 | None | None | None
2001-2002 | 6 | 5 | 2 (all Democratic gains) | 1 | 1 (Republican gain)
1999-2000 | 9 | 8 | 1 (Republican gain) | 1 | 1 (Democratic gain)
1997-1998 | 3 | 3 | None | None | None
1995-1996 | 11 | 9 | 1 (Republican gain) | 2 | 1 (Democratic gain)
1993-1994 | 9 | 6 | 1 (Republican gain) | 3 | 3 (all Republican gains)
1991-1992 | 10 | 7 | 2 (all Republican gains) | 3 | 1 (Democratic gain)
1989-1990 | 10 | 8 | 1 (Democratic gain) | 2 | None
1987-1988 | 12 | 12 | 3 (2 Democratic gains; 1 Republican gain) | None | None
1985-1986 | 8 | 8 | 1 (Republican gain) | None | None
Total | 136 | 117 | 21 (11 Democratic gains; 10 Republican gains) | 19 | 9 (6 Republican gains; 3 Democratic gains)

## Presidential election data[edit]

* Democrats were defending 2 seats in states won by Donald Trump (R) in the 2016 presidential election: Alabama (held by Doug Jones) and Michigan (held by Gary Peters). Trump won Alabama by 28 points and Michigan by less than 1 percentage point.

* Republicans were defending 2 seats in states won by Hillary Clinton (D) in the 2016 presidential election: Colorado (held by Cory Gardner) and Maine (held by Susan Collins). Clinton won Colorado by 5 points and Maine by 3 points.

States that held presidential and U.S. Senate elections in 2020

State  | U.S. Senate winner  | U.S. Senate margin  | Presidential winner  | Presidential margin  | Difference between margins[24]
Alabama |  Tommy Tuberville | R+20.4 |  Donald Trump | R+25.4 | R+5.0
Alaska |  Daniel S. Sullivan | R+12.7 |  Donald Trump | R+10.0 | D+2.7
Arizona |  Mark Kelly | D+2.4 |  Joe Biden | D+0.3 | R+2.1
Arkansas |  Tom Cotton | R+33.1 |  Donald Trump | R+27.6 | D+5.5
Colorado |  John Hickenlooper | D+9.3 |  Joe Biden | D+13.5 | D+4.2
Delaware |  Chris Coons | D+21.5 |  Joe Biden | D+18.9 | R+2.6
Georgia |  Jon Ossoff | D+0.8 |  Joe Biden | D+0.2 | R+0.6
Georgia (special election) |  Raphael Warnock | D+1.7 |  Joe Biden | D+0.2 | R+1.5
Idaho |  Jim Risch | R+29.4 |  Donald Trump | R+30.7 | R+1.3
Illinois |  Dick Durbin | D+16.1 |  Joe Biden | D+17.0 | D+0.9
Iowa |  Joni Ernst | R+6.6 |  Donald Trump | R+8.2 | R+1.6
Kansas |  Roger Marshall | R+11.4 |  Donald Trump | R+14.6 | R+3.2
Kentucky |  Mitch McConnell | R+19.5 |  Donald Trump | R+25.9 | R+6.4
Louisiana |  Bill Cassidy | R+40.3 |  Donald Trump | R+18.6 | D+21.7
Maine |  Susan Collins | R+8.6 |  Joe Biden | D+9.1 | D+17.7
Massachusetts |  Edward Markey | D+33.1 |  Joe Biden | D+33.5 | D+0.4
Michigan |  Gary Peters | D+1.7 |  Joe Biden | D+2.8 | D+1.1
Minnesota |  Tina Smith | D+5.3 |  Joe Biden | D+7.1 | D+1.8
Mississippi |  Cindy Hyde-Smith | R+10.0 |  Donald Trump | R+16.5 | R+6.5
Montana |  Steve Daines | R+10.0 |  Donald Trump | R+16.4 | R+6.4
Nebraska |  Ben Sasse | R+38.3 |  Donald Trump | R+19.1 | D+19.2
New Hampshire |  Jeanne Shaheen | D+15.7 |  Joe Biden | D+7.3 | R+8.4
New Jersey |  Cory Booker | D+16.3 |  Joe Biden | D+15.9 | R+0.4
New Mexico |  Ben Ray Lujan | D+6.1 |  Joe Biden | D+10.8 | D+4.7
North Carolina |  Thom Tillis | R+1.8 |  Donald Trump | R+1.3 | D+0.5
Oklahoma |  Jim Inhofe | R+30.2 |  Donald Trump | R+33.1 | R+2.9
Oregon |  Jeff Merkley | D+17.6 |  Joe Biden | D+16.1 | R+1.5
Rhode Island |  Jack Reed | D+33.1 |  Joe Biden | D+20.8 | R+12.3
South Carolina |  Lindsey Graham | R+10.3 |  Donald Trump | R+11.7 | R+1.4
South Dakota |  Mike Rounds | R+31.5 |  Donald Trump | R+26.2 | D+5.3
Tennessee |  Bill Hagerty | R+27.0 |  Donald Trump | R+23.2 | D+3.8
Texas |  John Cornyn | R+9.6 |  Donald Trump | R+5.6 | D+4.0
Virginia |  Mark Warner | D+12.1 |  Joe Biden | D+10.1 | R+2.0
West Virginia |  Shelley Moore Capito | R+43.3 |  Donald Trump | R+38.9 | D+4.4
Wyoming |  Cynthia Lummis | R+46.1 |  Donald Trump | R+43.1 | D+3.0

In 2018, Senate seats were up for election in 10 states with a Democratic incumbent that Trump won and one state with a Republican incumbent that Clinton won. Click here for more details.

## States that held both gubernatorial and U.S. Senate elections in 2020[edit]

See also: States with both gubernatorial and U.S. Senate elections in 2020

There are five states that held elections for both governor and U.S. Senate in 2020: Delaware, Montana, New Hampshire, North Carolina, and West Virginia.

States holding both gubernatorial and U.S. Senate elections in 2020

State  | Incumbent Governor  | Open Seat?  | Incumbent Senator  | Open Seat?
Delaware |  John Carney Jr. | No |  Chris Coons | No
Montana |  Steve Bullock | Yes |  Steve Daines | No
New Hampshire |  Chris Sununu | No |  Jeanne Shaheen | No
North Carolina |  Roy Cooper | No |  Thom Tillis | No
West Virginia |  Jim Justice | No |  Shelley Moore Capito | No

## Important dates and deadlines[edit]

The table below lists filing deadlines and primary dates in each state for Democratic Party and Republican Party candidates for congressional and state-level office.[25]

Primary dates and filing deadlines, 2020

State  | Filing deadline for primary candidates  | Primary date  | Primary runoff date
Alabama | 11/08/2019 | 03/03/2020 | 7/14/2020[26]
Arkansas | 11/12/2019 | 03/03/2020 | 03/31/2020
Illinois | 12/02/2019 | 03/17/2020 | N/A
California | 12/06/2019 | 03/03/2020 | N/A
Texas | 12/09/2019 | 03/03/2020 | 07/14/2020[27]
Ohio | 12/18/2019 | 04/28/2020[28] | N/A
North Carolina | 12/20/2019[29] | 03/03/2020 | 06/23/2020[30]
Mississippi | 01/10/2020 | 03/10/2020 | 06/23/2020[31]
Kentucky | 01/10/2020 | 06/23/2020[32] | N/A
Maryland | 01/24/2020 | 06/02/2020[33] | N/A
West Virginia | 01/25/2020 | 06/09/2020[34] | N/A
Indiana | 02/07/2020 | 06/02/2020[35] | N/A
Pennsylvania | 02/18/2020 | 06/02/2020[36] | N/A
Nebraska | 03/02/2020 | 05/12/2020 | N/A
Georgia | 03/06/2020 | 06/09/2020[37] | 08/11/2020[38]
Montana | 03/09/2020 | 06/02/2020 | N/A
New Mexico | 03/10/2020 | 06/02/2020 | N/A
Oregon | 03/10/2020 | 05/19/2020 | N/A
Idaho | 03/13/2020 | 06/02/2020[39] | N/A
Iowa | 03/13/2020 | 06/02/2020 | N/A
Nevada | 03/13/2020 | 06/09/2020 | N/A
Maine | 03/16/2020 | 07/14/2020[40] | N/A
Colorado | 03/17/2020 | 06/30/2020 | N/A
Utah | 03/19/2020 | 06/30/2020 | N/A
Virginia | 03/26/2020 | 06/23/2020[41] | N/A
New Jersey | 03/30/2020 | 07/07/2020[42] | N/A
South Carolina | 03/30/2020 | 06/09/2020 | 06/23/2020
Missouri | 03/31/2020 | 08/04/2020 | N/A
South Dakota | 03/31/2020 | 06/02/2020 | 08/11/2020
New York | 04/02/2020 | 06/23/2020 | N/A
Tennessee | 04/02/2020 | 08/06/2020 | N/A
Arizona | 04/06/2020 | 08/04/2020 | N/A
North Dakota | 04/06/2020 | 06/09/2020 | N/A
Oklahoma | 04/10/2020 | 06/30/2020 | 08/25/2020
Michigan | 04/21/2020 (offices with option to pay filing fee) &
05/08/2020 (offices requiring nominating petitions)[43] | 08/04/2020 | N/A
Florida | 04/24/2020 (congressional and judicial offices) &
6/12/2020 (state legislators) | 08/18/2020 | N/A
Massachusetts | 05/05/2020 (local) & 06/02/2020 (state)[44] | 09/01/2020 | N/A
Washington | 05/15/2020 | 08/04/2020 | N/A
Vermont | 05/28/2020 | 08/11/2020 | N/A
Wyoming | 05/29/2020 | 08/18/2020 | N/A
Alaska | 06/01/2020 | 08/18/2020 | N/A
Kansas | 06/01/2020 | 08/04/2020 | N/A
Wisconsin | 06/01/2020 | 08/11/2020 | N/A
Hawaii | 06/02/2020 | 08/08/2020 | N/A
Minnesota | 06/02/2020 | 08/11/2020 | N/A
Connecticut | 06/11/2020[45] | 08/11/2020 | N/A
New Hampshire | 06/12/2020 | 09/08/2020 | N/A
Rhode Island | 06/24/2020 (declaration of candidacy due)
07/10/2020 (nomination papers due) | 09/08/2020 | N/A
Delaware | 07/14/2020 | 09/15/2020 | N/A
Louisiana | 07/24/2020[46] | 11/03/2020 | N/A

## Filed candidates by political party[edit]

As of September 7, 2020, 519 candidates were filed with the Federal Election Commission (FEC) to run for U.S. Senate in 2020. Of those, 402—199 Democrats and 203 Republicans—were from one of the two major political parties. In 2018, 527 candidates filed with the FEC to run for U.S. Senate, including 137 Democrats and 240 Republicans.

The following chart shows the number of filed candidates by political party.

## Congressional approval rating[edit]

See also: Ballotpedia's Polling Index: Congressional approval rating

The congressional approval rating indicates public satisfaction in the job performance of the members of the United States Congress. It is the percentage of people polled who responded favorably toward the work of the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives.

### Noteworthy events[edit]

#### Supreme Court vacancy, 2020[edit]

See also: Supreme Court vacancy, 2020

Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg died on September 18, 2020. The Senate Judiciary Committee holds hearings and votes on Supreme Court nominees. The committee’s practice has been to send nominations, regardless of whether the nominee wins a majority of the committee vote, to the full Senate to allow the chamber to decide whether he or she should be confirmed.

### Ballot access requirements[edit]

The table below details filing requirements for U.S. Senate candidates in the 2020 election cycle. Note that the below information is not comprehensive. Additional information will be added as it becomes available.

Filing requirements for U.S. Senate candidates, 2020

State  | Office  | Party  | Signatures required  | Signature formula  | Filing fee  | Filing fee formula  | Filing deadline  | Source
Alabama | U.S. Senate | Democratic | N/A | N/A | $3,480.00 | 2% of annual salary | 11/8/2019 | Source
Alabama | U.S. Senate | Republican | N/A | N/A | $3,480.00 | 2% of annual salary | 11/8/2019 | Source
Alabama | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 51,588 | 3% of votes cast for governor in the last election | N/A | N/A | 3/3/2020 | Source
Alaska | U.S. Senate | Democratic | N/A | N/A | $100.00 | Fixed number | 6/1/2020 | Source
Alaska | U.S. Senate | Independence | N/A | N/A | $100.00 | Fixed number | 6/1/2020 | Source
Alaska | U.S. Senate | Republican | N/A | N/A | $100.00 | Fixed number | 6/1/2020 | Source
Alaska | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 2,850 | 1% of votes cast in the last general election | N/A | N/A | 8/18/2020 | Source
Arizona | U.S. Senate | Democratic | 6,325 | 0.5% of qualified voters | N/A | N/A | 4/6/2020 | Source
Arizona | U.S. Senate | Libertarian | 3,335 | 0.5% of qualified voters | N/A | N/A | 4/6/2020 | Source
Arizona | U.S. Senate | Republican | 6,663 | 0.5% of qualified voters | N/A | N/A | 4/6/2020 | Source
Arizona | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 39,039 | 3% of qualified voters | N/A | N/A | 4/6/2020 | Source
Arkansas | U.S. Senate | Democratic | N/A | N/A | $12,000.00 | Fixed number | 11/12/2019 | Source
Arkansas | U.S. Senate | Republican | N/A | N/A | $20,000.00 | Fixed number | 11/12/2019 | Source
Arkansas | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 10,000 | 3% of total votes cast for governor in the last election, not to exceed 10,000 | N/A | N/A | 5/1/2020 | Source
Colorado | U.S. Senate | Major party | 10,500 | 1,500 per congressional district | N/A | N/A | 3/17/2020 | Source
Colorado | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 7,000 | 1,000 signatures from each congressional district | N/A | N/A | 7/9/2020 | Source
Delaware | U.S. Senate | Democratic | N/A | N/A | $10,440.00 | Fixed number | 7/14/2020 | Source
Delaware | U.S. Senate | Republican | N/A | N/A | TBD | Fixed number | 7/14/2020 | Source
Delaware | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 7,124 | 1% of all eligible voters | N/A | N/A | 9/1/2020 | Source
Georgia | U.S. Senate | Qualified party | N/A | N/A | $5,220.00 | 3% of annual salary | 3/6/2020 | Source
Georgia | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 51,686 | 1% of voters eligible to vote for the office in the last election | $5,220.00 | 3% of annual salary | 7/14/2020 | Source
Idaho | U.S. Senate | Qualified party | N/A | N/A | $500.00 | Fixed number | 3/13/2020 | Source
Idaho | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 1,000 | Fixed number | N/A | N/A | 3/13/2020 | Source
Illinois | U.S. Senate | Democratic and Republican | 5,000 | Fixed number | N/A | N/A | 12/2/2019 | Source
Illinois | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 25,000 | 1% of voters or 25,000 voters, whichever is fewer | N/A | N/A | 6/22/2020 | Source
Iowa | U.S. Senate | Democratic | 3,155 | 0.5% of votes cast for the party's candidate for governor in 2018 | N/A | N/A | 3/13/2020 | Source
Iowa | U.S. Senate | Republican | 3,337 | 0.5% of votes cast for the party's candidate for governor in 2018 | N/A | N/A | 3/13/2020 | Source
Iowa | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 1,500 | Fixed number | N/A | N/A | 3/13/2020 | Source
Kansas | U.S. Senate | Qualified party | N/A | N/A | $1,760.00 | 1% of annual salary plus administrative fees | 6/1/2020 | Source
Kansas | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 5,000 | Fixed number | $20.00 | Fixed number (administrative fee) | 8/3/2020 | Source
Kentucky | U.S. Senate | All parties | 2 | Fixed number | $500.00 | Fixed number | 1/28/2020 | Source
Kentucky | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 5,000 | Fixed number | $500.00 | Fixed number | 6/2/2020 | Source
Louisiana | U.S. Senate | All parties | N/A | N/A | $900.00 | Fixed number | 7/17/2020 | Source
Louisiana | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | N/A | N/A | $900.00 | Fixed number | 7/17/2020 | Source
Maine | U.S. Senate | Qualified party | 2,000 | Fixed number | N/A | N/A | 3/16/2020 | Source
Maine | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 4,000 | Fixed number | N/A | N/A | 6/1/2020 | Source
Massachusetts | U.S. Senate | All parties | 10,000 | Fixed number | N/A | N/A | 6/2/2020 | Source
Massachusetts | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 10,000 | Fixed number | N/A | N/A | 8/25/2020 | Source
Michigan | U.S. Senate | Major party | 15,000 | Fixed number | N/A | N/A | 5/8/2020 | Source
Michigan | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 30,000 | Fixed number | N/A | N/A | 7/16/2020 | Source
Minnesota | U.S. Senate | Major party | N/A | N/A | $400.00 | Fixed number | 6/2/2020 | Source
Minnesota | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 2,000 | Fixed number | N/A | N/A | 6/2/2020 | Source
Mississippi | U.S. Senate | Qualified party | N/A | N/A | $1,000.00 | Fixed number | 1/10/2020 | Source
Mississippi | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 1,000 | Fixed number | $1,000.00 | Fixed number | 1/10/2020 | Source
Montana | U.S. Senate | Qualified party | N/A | N/A | $1,740.00 | 1% of annual salary | 3/9/2020 | Source
Montana | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 12,694 | 5% of total votes cast for successful candidate in the last general election | $1,740.00 | 1% of annual salary | 6/1/2020 | Source
Nebraska | U.S. Senate | Qualified party | N/A | N/A | $1,740.00 | 1% of annual salary | 3/2/2020 | Source
Nebraska | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 4,000 | Fixed number | $1,740.00 | 1% of annual salary | 8/3/2020 | Source
New Hampshire | U.S. Senate | Qualified party | N/A | N/A | $100.00 | Fixed number | 6/12/2020 | Source
New Hampshire | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 3,000 | Fixed number | $100.00 | Fixed number | 9/2/2020 | Source
New Jersey | U.S. Senate | Qualified party | 1,000 | Fixed number | N/A | N/A | 3/30/2020 | Source
New Jersey | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 800 | Fixed number | N/A | N/A | 6/2/2020 | Source
New Mexico | U.S. Senate | Democratic | 3,518-7,036 | 2%-4% of votes cast for all of the party's gubernatorial candidates in the last primary | N/A | N/A | 3/10/2020 | Source
New Mexico | U.S. Senate | Libertarian | 230-460 | 2%-4% of votes cast for all of the party's gubernatorial candidates in the last primary | N/A | N/A | 3/10/2020 | Source
New Mexico | U.S. Senate | Republican | 1,503-3,006 | 2%-4% of votes cast for all of the party's gubernatorial candidates in the last primary | N/A | N/A | 3/10/2020 | Source
New Mexico | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 20,894 | 3% of all votes cast for governor in the last election | N/A | N/A | 6/25/2020 | Source
North Carolina | U.S. Senate | Recognized party | N/A | N/A | $1,740.00 | 1% of annual salary | 12/20/2019 | Source
North Carolina | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 71,545 | 1.5% of all votes cast for governor in the last election | $1,740.00 | 1% of annual salary | 3/3/2020 | Source
Oklahoma | U.S. Senate | All candidates | N/A | N/A | $2,000.00 | Fixed number | 4/10/2020 | Source
Oregon | U.S. Senate | Major party | N/A | N/A | $150.00 | Fixed number | 3/10/2020 | Source
Oregon | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 20,014 | 1% of votes cast in the district for president | N/A | N/A | 8/25/2020 | Source
Rhode Island | U.S. Senate | Recognized party | 1,000 | Fixed number | N/A | N/A | 7/16/2020 | Source
Rhode Island | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 1,000 | Fixed number | N/A | N/A | 7/16/2020 | Source
South Carolina | U.S. Senate | Qualified party | N/A | N/A | $10,440.00 | 1% of annual salary multiplied by term of office | 3/30/2020 | Source
South Carolina | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 10,000 | 5% of active registered voters in the state, or 10,000, whichever is less | N/A | N/A | 8/17/2020 | Source
South Dakota | U.S. Senate | Democratic | 1,615 | 1% of all votes cast for Democratic gubernatorial nominee in last election | N/A | N/A | 3/31/2020 | Source
South Dakota | U.S. Senate | Republican | 1,730 | 1% of all votes cast for Republican gubernatorial nominee in last election | N/A | N/A | 3/31/2020 | Source
South Dakota | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 3,393 | 1% of all votes cast for governor in the last election | N/A | N/A | 4/28/2020 | Source
Tennessee | U.S. Senate | All candidates | 25 | Fixed number | N/A | N/A | 4/2/2020 | Source
Texas | U.S. Senate | Democratic or Republican | N/A | N/A | $5,000.00 | Fixed number | 12/9/2019 | Source
Texas | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 83,717 | 1% of all votes cast for governor in the last election | N/A | N/A | 12/9/2019 (declaration of intent); 6/25/2020 (final filing deadline) | Source
Virginia | U.S. Senate | Qualified party | 10,000 | Fixed number | $3,480.00 | 2% of annual salary | 3/26/2020 | Source
Virginia | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 10,000 | Fixed number | N/A | N/A | 6/9/2020 | Source
West Virginia | U.S. Senate | Recognized party | N/A | N/A | $1,740.00 | 1% of annual salary | 1/25/2020 | Source
West Virginia | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 4,537 | 1% of all votes cast in the last election for the office being sought | $1,740.00 | 1% of annual salary | 7/31/2020 | Source
Wyoming | U.S. Senate | Major party | N/A | N/A | $200.00 | Fixed number | 5/29/2020 | Source
Wyoming | U.S. Senate | Unaffiliated | 4,025 | 2% of all votes cast for U.S. Representative in the last election | $200.00 | Fixed number | 8/25/2020 | Source

### Wave elections[edit]

See also: Wave elections (1918-2016)

In a July 2018 report, Ballotpedia defined wave elections as the 20 percent of elections in the last 100 years resulting in the greatest seat swings against the president's party. U.S. Senate waves from 1918 to 2016 are listed in the table below.

U.S. Senate wave elections

Year | President | Party | Election type | Senate seats change | Senate majority[47]
1932 | Hoover | R | Presidential | -13 | D (flipped)
1958 | Eisenhower | R | Second midterm | -12 | D
1980 | Carter | D | Presidential | -11 | R (flipped)
1946 | Truman | D | First midterm | -10 | R (flipped)
1942 | Roosevelt | D | Third midterm | -9 | D
2014 | Obama | D | Second midterm | -9 | R (flipped)
1986 | Reagan | R | Second midterm | -8 | D (flipped)
2008 | George W. Bush | R | Presidential | -8 | D
1926 | Coolidge | R | First midterm[48] | -7 | R
1930 | Hoover | R | First midterm | -7 | R

## Analysis of federal elections, 2020[edit]

See also: Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2020

All 435 U.S. House seats, 34 U.S. Senate seats, and the presidency were up for regular elections in the 2020 elections. At the time of the election, the president and a majority of members of the U.S. Senate were Republicans, while a majority of members of the U.S. House were Democrats.

### Election analysis[edit]

Presidential election

* Presidential battleground states
* Presidential campaign pageviews on Ballotpedia, 2020
* Presidential campaign pageviews following caucuses and primaries, 2020
* Presidential debate pageviews on Ballotpedia, 2020
* Presidential election campaign finance, 2020
* Comparison of 2020 presidential candidates to congressional and gubernatorial candidates by state
* Trends in the margins of victory for incumbents of three or more terms, 2018-2024

Congressional elections

* Ballotpedia's 2020 Candidate Connection report
* Control of the U.S. Senate
* Control of the U.S. House
* U.S. Senate battlegrounds, 2020
* U.S. House battlegrounds, 2020
* List of U.S. Congress incumbents who did not run for re-election in 2020
* New members elected to Congress
* U.S. House districts represented by a Republican and won by Hillary Clinton in 2016
* U.S. House districts represented by a Democrat and won by Donald Trump in 2016
* Congressional margin of victory analysis
* Congressional elections decided by 10 percentage points or fewer
* Congressional retirements by month, 2011-2020
* Comparison of state delegations to the 116th and 117th Congresses
* Rematches in 2020 general elections
* Party committee fundraising, 2019-2020
* States with both gubernatorial and U.S. Senate elections in 2020
* Analysis of rejected ballots in the 2020 general election
* Analysis of ballot curing in the 2020 general election
* Analysis of voter turnout in the 2020 general election
* Results of U.S. House elections in presidential election years, 1920-2020
* Ballotpedia's Top 15 elections to watch, 2020
* U.S. House leadership elections, 2021
* Annual Congressional Competitiveness Report, 2020

* U.S. House elections without a Democratic or Republican candidate, 2020

* Third-party candidates who won more than the margin of victory, 2020

## See also[edit]

* United States Congress elections, 2020
* United States House of Representatives elections, 2020
* Special elections to the 116th United States Congress (2019-2020)
* United States Congress
* United States Senate
* United States House of Representatives
* 116th United States Congress
* Annual Congressional Competitiveness Report, 2020

## External links[edit]

* Search Google News for this topic
* United States Senate

## Footnotes[edit]

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Independent Senators Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) and Angus King (I-Maine) caucus with Democrats
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Politico, "Republican Control of the Senate Hangs by a Thread," December 21, 2017
3. ↑ The Cook Political Report, "2020 Senate Race Ratings"
4. ↑ Inside Elections with Nathan L. Gonzales, "Senate Ratings"
5. ↑ Sabato's Crystal Ball, "2020 Senate race ratings"
6. ↑ Figure includes Sen. Joe Lieberman (I-Conn.).
7. ↑ This considers major party competition at the time of the primary in states with top-two primaries (CA, LA, and WA) and at the time of the general election for all other states.
8. ↑ In this analysis, a race without major party competition is defined as a race for an office where at no point in the election cycle a Republican appears on the ballot with a Democrat or vice versa. In most instances, this would be the general election ballot. In the case of top-two primary states, that primary would also be taken into consideration even if two candidates from the same party eventually advance to the general election. This definition differs from elsewhere on Ballotpedia and therefore numbers for this metric on other pages might not equal what is included here. Ballotpedia is in the process of updating competitiveness data from 2010 to 2020 and bringing this section in line with the definition used elsewhere will be part of that process.
9. ↑ This seat was last up for regular election in 2016. Incumbent John McCain (R) won re-election by a margin of 13.0 percent.
10. ↑ This seat was last up for regular election in 2016. Incumbent Johnny Isakson (R) won re-election by a margin of 13.8 percent.
11. ↑ In December 2018, McSally was appointed to fill the Senate seat previously held by John McCain (R), who passed away in August 2018. Jon Kyl (R) was first appointed to the seat and held it from September 2018 to December 2018. The 2020 special election decided who would serve out the rest of the six-year term McCain was elected to in 2016.
12. ↑ Isakson announced his resignation effective December 31, 2019. The 2020 special election decided who would serve out the rest of the six-year term Isakson was elected to in 2016.
13. ↑ Both general election candidates were Republicans.
14. ↑ This race was unopposed.
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Both general election candidates were Democrats.
16. ↑ Lamb won by a margin of 0.4 percentage points.
17. ↑ Wild won by a margin of 0.2 percentage points.
18. ↑ The state Board of Elections declined to certify the results of the 2018 election following allegations of absentee ballot fraud.
19. ↑ Collins won by 0.3 percentage points.
20. ↑ This special election was called to fill the vacancy left by 2020 Congressman-elect Luke Letlow (R), who died before being sworn in to Congress.
21. ↑ Runoff MOV between two Republican candidates.
22. ↑ Runoff MOV between two Democratic candidates.
23. ↑ Runoff MOV between two Republican candidates.
24. ↑ This number is calculated by subtracting the senatorial margin of victory from the presidential margin of victory. For example, a value of D+2 means Joe Biden's margin was two percentage points greater than the Democratic senatorial candidate.
25. ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections 2020 primary calendar," June 4, 2019
26. ↑ Note: Alabama's primary runoff election was postponed from March 31 to July 14, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
27. ↑ Note: Texas' primary runoff election was postponed from May 26 to July 14, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
28. ↑ Note: Ohio's primary election was postponed from March 17 to April 28, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
29. ↑ Note: On November 20, 2019, a three-judge panel of North Carolina's state superior court issued an order delaying the congressional candidate filing period for the 2020 election cycle while the state's U.S. House district plan was reviewed. The filing period for U.S. House candidates, set to open on December 2 and close on December 20, 2019, was temporarily delayed while a three-panel judge heard arguments on December 2, 2019. The judges ruled that the redrawn congressional maps should stand, meaning the filing period would open and close as scheduled.
30. ↑ Note: North Carolina's primary runoff election was postponed from May 12 to June 23, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
31. ↑ Note: Mississippi's primary runoff election was postponed from March 31 to June 23, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
32. ↑ Note: Kentucky's primary election was postponed from May 19 to June 23, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
33. ↑ Note: Maryland's primary election was postponed from April 28 to June 2, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
34. ↑ Note: West Virginia's primary election was postponed from May 12 to June 9, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
35. ↑ Note: Indiana's primary election was postponed from May 5 to June 2, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
36. ↑ Note: Pennsylvania's primary election was postponed from April 28 to June 2, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
37. ↑ Note: Georgia's primary election was postponed from May 19 to June 9, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
38. ↑ Note: Georgia's primary runoff election was postponed from July 21 to August 11, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
39. ↑ Note: Idaho's primary election election was postponed from May 19 to June 2, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
40. ↑ Note: Maine's primary election was postponed from June 9 to July 14, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
41. ↑ Note: Virginia's primary election was postponed from June 9 to June 23, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
42. ↑ Note: New Jersey's primary election was postponed from June 2 to July 7, 2020, in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
43. ↑ Note: Michigan's primary filing deadline was postponed from April 21 to May 8, 2020, for offices that require nominating petitions and do not have the option to pay a filing fee to access the ballot. The change was in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
44. ↑ To appear on the ballot in Massachusetts, prospective candidates must submit nomination papers for certification to the registrars of the cities or towns in which signatures were collected and to the Secretary of the Commonwealth. The local filing deadline must occur four weeks prior to the candidate's second filing deadline with the Secretary of the Commonwealth. In 2020, the local-level filing deadline was May 5 and the state-level filing deadline was June 2. Click here to learn more.
45. ↑ Note: Connecticut's candidate filing deadlines were postponed in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
46. ↑ Note: Louisiana's candidate filing deadlines were postponed in response to the coronavirus pandemic.
47. ↑ Denotes the party that had more seats in the U.S. Senate following the election.
48. ↑ Calvin Coolidge's (R) first term began in August 1923 after the death of President Warren Harding (R), who was first elected in 1920. Before he had his first midterm in 1926, Coolidge was re-elected as president in 1924.

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