Zinc selenide

Names
Other names

Zinc selenide
Stilleite

Identifiers

CAS Number

* 1315-09-9 Y

3D model (JSmol)

* zincblende structure: Interactive image
* wurtzite structure: Interactive image
* wurtzite structure: Interactive image

ChemSpider |

* 7969585

EC Number |

* 215-259-7

PubChem CID

* 4298215

UNII |

* OWX23150D5 Y

InChI

* InChI=1S/Se.Zn

Key: SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES

* zincblende structure: [SeH+2]12[ZnH2-2][SeH+2]3[ZnH2-2][SeH+2]([ZnH-2]14)[ZnH-2]1[Se+2]5([ZnH-2]38)[Zn-2]26[SeH+2]2[ZnH-2]([Se+2]4)[SeH+2]1[ZnH2-2][SeH+2]3[ZnH-2]2[Se+2][ZnH-2]([SeH+2]6[ZnH-2]([SeH+2])[SeH+2]68)[SeH+2]([ZnH2-2]6)[ZnH-2]35

* wurtzite structure: [ZnH2-2]1[Se+2]47[ZnH-2]2[Se+2][ZnH-2]3[Se+2]8([ZnH2-2][SeH+2]([ZnH2-2]4)[ZnH2-2]6)[ZnH-2]4[Se+2][ZnH-2]5[Se+2]6([ZnH2-2]6)[Zn-2]78[Se+2]78[ZnH-2]([SeH+2]69)[SeH+2]5[ZnH2-2][SeH+2]4[ZnH-2]7[SeH+2]3[ZnH2-2][SeH+2]2[ZnH-2]8[SeH+2]1[ZnH2-2]9

* wurtzite structure: [ZnH2-2]1[SeH+2]([ZnH2-2]6)[ZnH2-2][SeH+2]7[ZnH-2]2[Se+2][Zn-2]3([Se+2][ZnH-2]9[Se+2]5)[Se+2]18[Zn-2]45[Se+2][ZnH-2]5[SeH+2]6[Zn-2]78[Se+2]78[ZnH2-2][SeH+2]5[ZnH2-2][Se+2]4([ZnH2-2][SeH+2]9[ZnH2-2]4)[ZnH-2]7[Se+2]34[ZnH2-2][SeH+2]2[ZnH2-2]8

Properties

Chemical formula

| ZnSe
Molar mass | 144.35 g/mol
Appearance  | light yellow solid
Density | 5.27 g/cm3
Melting point | 1,525 °C (2,777 °F)

Solubility in water

| negligible
Band gap | 2.82 eV (10 K)

Refractive index (nD)

| 2.67 (550 nm)
2.40 (10.6 μm)
Structure

Crystal structure

| Zincblende (cubic)

Lattice constant

a = 566.8 pm

Coordination geometry

| Tetrahedral (Zn2+)
Tetrahedral (Se2−)
Thermochemistry

Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)

| −177.6 kJ/mol
Hazards
GHS pictograms |
GHS Signal word | Danger

GHS hazard statements

| H301, H331, H373, H410

GHS precautionary statements

| P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P301+310, P304+340, P311, P314, P321, P330, P391, P403+233, P405, P501
Related compounds

Other anions

| Zinc oxide
Zinc sulfide
Zinc telluride

Other cations

| Cadmium selenide
Mercury selenide

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Y verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Zinc selenide is the inorganic compound with the formula ZnSe. It is a lemon-yellow solid although most samples have a duller color due to the effects of oxidation. It is an intrinsic semiconductor with a band gap of about 2.70 eV at 25 °C (77 °F), equivalent to a wavelength of 459 nm. ZnSe occurs as the rare mineral stilleite, named after Hans Stille.

## Contents

* 1 Synthesis and properties
* 2 Reactions
* 3 Applications
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## Synthesis and properties

ZnSe is available in both hexagonal (wurtzite) and cubic (zincblende) polymorphs. In both cases, the Zn2+ and Se2− sites are tetrahedral. The difference in the structures related to close packing motifs, hexagonal vs cubic.

Cubic ZnSe is produced by treatment of an aqueous solution of zinc sulfate with hydrogen selenide:[1]

ZnSO
4 \+ H
2Se → ZnSe + H
2SO

Heating the cubic form gives hexagonal ZnSe.

An alternative synthesis involves heating a mixture of zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, and selenium:

2 ZnO + ZnS + 3 Se → 3 ZnSe + SO

It is a wide-bandgap semiconductor of the II-VI semiconductor group (since zinc and selenium belong to the 12th and 16th groups of the periodic table, respectively). The material can be n-type doped with, for instance, halogen elements. P-type doping is more difficult, but can be achieved by introducing gallium.

Similar to zinc sulfide, ZnSe is produced as microcrystalline sheets by synthesis from hydrogen selenide gas and zinc vapour. Another method of producing is a growth from melt under excessive pressure of inert gas (Ar usually).[2]

It can be deposited as a thin film by chemical vapour deposition techniques including MOVPE and vacuum evaporation.

## Reactions

ZnSe is insoluble in water, but dissolves in concentrated hydrochloric acid.

Zinc selenide can slowly react with atmospheric moisture if poorly polished, but this is not generally a serious problem. Except where optics are used in spectroscopy or at the Brewster angle, antireflection or beamsplitting optical coatings are generally employed.

## Applications

* ZnSe is used to form II-VI light-emitting diodes and diode lasers. It emits blue light.[3] * ZnSe doped with chromium (ZnSe:Cr) has been used as an infrared laser gain medium emitting at about 2.4 μm.[4]
* It is used as an infrared optical material with a remarkably wide transmission wavelength range (0.45 μm to 21.5 μm[5]). The refractive index is about 2.67 at 550 nm (green), and about 2.40 at 10.6 μm (LWIR). When free of absorption and inclusions it is ideally suited for CO2 laser optics at 10.6 μm wavelength. It is thus a very important IR material. In daily life, it can be found as the entrance optic in the new range of "in-ear" clinical thermometers, seen as a small yellow window.
* ZnSe activated with tellurium (ZnSe(Te)) is a scintillator with emission peak at 640 nm, suitable for matching with photodiodes. It is used in x-ray and gamma ray detectors. ZnSe scintillators are significantly different from the ZnS ones.

## References

1. ↑ F. Wagenknecht; R. Juza (1963). "Zinc (II) Selenide". in G. Brauer. Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed.. 2pages=1078. NY, NY: Academic Press.
2. ↑ "Institute for Single Crystals - Materials and Products - AIIBVI - Passive Laser Optics Elements". http://iscrystals.com/page-details.html?cat_id=78&id=91.
3. ↑ Sahbudin, U.K.; Wahid, M.H.A.; Poopalan, P.; Hambali, N.A.M.A.; Shahimin, M.M.; Ariffin, S.N.; Saidi, N.N.A.; Ramli, M.M. (2016). "ZnSe Light Emitting Diode Quantum Efficiency and Emission Characterization". Matec Web of Conferences 78: 01114. doi:10.1051/matecconf/20167801114.
4. ↑ Cr2+ excitation levels in ZnSe and ZnS, G. Grebe, G. Roussos and H.-J. Schulz, J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. vol. 9 pp. 4511-4516 (1976) doi:10.1088/0022-3719/9/24/020
5. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20190422005411/http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_5/2_5_8.html Kaye and Laby online at NPL via archive.org

## External links

* Coherent Optical Data optical data & more

* v
* t
* e

Zinc compounds

Zinc(I)|

| Organozinc(I) compounds|

* Zn2(C5(CH3)5)2

|

Zinc(II)|

* Zn(N3)2
* ZnBr2
* Zn(CN)2
* ZnCl2
* Zn(ClO3)2
* ZnCrO4
* ZnF2
* ZnH2
* ZnI2
* ZnMoO4
* Zn(NO3)2
* ZnO
* ZnO2
* Zn(OH)2
* ZnS
* ZnSO4
* ZnSe
* ZnTe
* Zn2P2O7
* Zn3Sb2
* Zn3As2
* Zn3N2
* Zn3P2
* Zn3(PO4)2

| Organozinc(II) compounds|

* Zn(CH3)2
* Zn(C2H5)2
* Zn(CH(CH3)2)2
* Zn(C(CH3)3)2
* Zn(C6H5)2
* ZnCIH2I

|

* v
* t
* e

Selenides

| H2Se
H2Se2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | He

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Li2Se | Be |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | B | CSe2
OCSe | (NH4)2Se | O | F | Ne
Na2Se | MgSe |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Al2Se3 | Si | PxSey | S | Cl | Ar
K2Se | CaSe | Sc2Se3 | TiSe2 | V | CrSe
Cr2Se3 | MnSe
MnSe2 | FeSe | CoSe | NiSe | CuSe | ZnSe | GaSe
Ga2Se3 | GeSe | As2Se3
As4Se3 | Se | Br | Kr
Rb2Se | SrSe | Y2Se3 | Zr | NbSe2
NbSe3 | MoSe2 | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag2Se | CdSe | In2Se3 | SnSe
SnSe2 | Sb2Se3 | Te | I | Xe
Cs2Se | BaSe | *  | Hf | Ta | WSe2
WSe3 | ReSe2 | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | HgSe | Tl2Se | PbSe | Bi2Se3 | Po | At | Rn
Fr | Ra | **  | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | CnSe | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | ↓ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| * | La2Se3 | Ce2Se3 | Pr2Se3 | Nd2Se3 | Pm | Sm2Se3 | Eu2Se3 | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er2Se3 | Tm2Se3 | Yb | Lu |
| ** | Ac | ThSe2 | Pa | USe2 | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr |

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*[CID]: Compound ID
*[H301]: Toxic if swallowed
*[H331]: Toxic if inhaled
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