Linitis plastica

Endoscopic image of linitis plastica, where the entire stomach is invaded with stomach cancer, leading to a leather bottle like appearance
Specialty| Brinton's disease, leather bottle stomach

Linitis plastica is a widely used term for Brinton's disease (also known as leather bottle stomach), a morphological variant of diffuse (or infiltrating) stomach cancer. In some texts, the term is also used to describe the condition of a rigid, non-distensible stomach which may be caused by a non-malignant condition such as a caustic injury to the stomach.

Linitis plastica is a type of adenocarcinoma and accounts for 3–19% of gastric adenocarcinomas.[1] Causes of cancerous linitis plastica are commonly primary gastric cancer, but in rarer cases could be metastatic infiltration of the stomach, particularly breast and lung carcinoma.[2] It is not associated with H. pylori infection or chronic gastritis. The risk factors are undefined, except for rare inherited mutations in E-cadherin. The hereditary form of this cancer, hereditary diffuse gastric cancer, accounts for only 1–3% of gastric adenocarcinomas. Somatic mutations in this gene are found in about 50% of diffuse-type gastric carcinomas.[2]

## Contents

* 1 Signs and symptoms
* 2 Cause
* 3 Diagnosis
* 4 Treatment
* 5 Society and culture
* 5.1 Notable cases
* 6 References
* 7 External links

## Signs and symptoms[edit | edit source]

Diffuse stomach cancer is characterized by the presence of poorly differentiated tumor cells. Under a microscope, these appear as signet ring cells, meaning that mucin droplets are visible that displace the nucleus to one side.

Symptoms of linitis plastica do not usually present until the disease is in an advanced stage, making early diagnosis difficult. Symptoms are similar to those of stomach cancer including: difficulty swallowing, weight loss, indigestion, and vomiting.[3]

## Cause[edit | edit source]

The etiology of Linitis plastica is partially known as the CDH1 gene and the HER2 gene, play some role[4]

## Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

The evaluation of Linituis plastica is done via the following:[4]

* Endoscopic ultrasound
* Biopsy
* CT scan

* Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showing linitis plastica (and multiple gastric erosions)

* Endoscopic image of linitis plastica, a diffuse type of stomach cancer characterized by a thickening and rigidity of the lining of the stomach, leading to a leather bottle-like appearance with blood coming out of it

## Treatment[edit | edit source]

While treatment options are limited, gastrectomy with either radiotherapy or chemotherapy, may be done in some cases[4]

## Society and culture[edit | edit source]

### Notable cases[edit | edit source]

Napoleon Bonaparte and many members of his family are thought to have died from this type of cancer, although it is believed by others that he may have died from arsenic poisoning.[5]

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ Jafferbhoy S, Shiwani H, Rustum Q (2013). "Managing Gastric Linitis Plastica: Keep the scalpel sheathed". Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 13 (3): 451–3. doi:10.12816/0003269. PMC 3749031. PMID 23984032.`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Robbins Basic Pathology, 8th Edition
3. ↑ "Linitis plastica of the stomach | Cancer Research UK". Archived from the original on 2022-04-20. Retrieved 2022-09-24.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 El-Nakeep, Sarah; Kasi, Anup (2022). "Linitis Plastica". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. Archived from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
5. ↑ Bevan S, Houlston RS (1999). "Genetic predisposition to gastric cancer". QJM: Monthly Journal of the Association of Physicians. 92 (1): 5–10. doi:10.1093/qjmed/92.1.5. PMID 10209666.

## External links[edit | edit source]

Classification|

* ICD-10: C16.9
* ICD-9-CM: 151.9
* ICD-O: M8142/3
* MeSH: D008039

|

* "Carcinoma of the Stomach." Archived 2021-01-25 at the Wayback Machine at patient.info

* v
* t
* e

Glandular and epithelial cancer

Epithelium|

| Papilloma/carcinoma|

* Small-cell carcinoma
* Combined small-cell carcinoma
* Verrucous carcinoma
* Squamous cell carcinoma
* Basal-cell carcinoma
* Transitional cell carcinoma
* Inverted papilloma

|

Complex epithelial|

* Warthin's tumor
* Thymoma
* Bartholin gland carcinoma

Glands|

| Adenomas/
adenocarcinomas|

| Gastrointestinal|

* tract: Linitis plastica
* Familial adenomatous polyposis

* pancreas
* Insulinoma
* Glucagonoma
* Gastrinoma
* VIPoma
* Somatostatinoma

* Cholangiocarcinoma
* Klatskin tumor
* Hepatocellular adenoma/Hepatocellular carcinoma

|

Urogenital|

* Renal cell carcinoma
* Endometrioid tumor
* Renal oncocytoma

Endocrine|

* Prolactinoma
* Multiple endocrine neoplasia
* Adrenocortical adenoma/Adrenocortical carcinoma
* Hürthle cell

Other/multiple|

* Neuroendocrine tumor
* Carcinoid
* Adenoid cystic carcinoma
* Oncocytoma
* Clear-cell adenocarcinoma
* Apudoma
* Cylindroma
* Papillary hidradenoma

Adnexal and
skin appendage|

* sweat gland
* Hidrocystoma
* Syringoma
* Syringocystadenoma papilliferum

Cystic, mucinous,
and serous|

| Cystic general|

* Cystadenoma/Cystadenocarcinoma

|

Mucinous|

* Signet ring cell carcinoma
* Krukenberg tumor
* Mucinous cystadenoma / Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
* Pseudomyxoma peritonei
* Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Serous|

* Ovarian serous cystadenoma / Pancreatic serous cystadenoma / Serous cystadenocarcinoma / Papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma

Ductal, lobular,
and medullary|

| Ductal carcinoma|

* Mammary ductal carcinoma
* Pancreatic ductal carcinoma
* Comedocarcinoma
* Paget's disease of the breast / Extramammary Paget's disease

|

Lobular carcinoma|

* Lobular carcinoma in situ
* Invasive lobular carcinoma

Medullary carcinoma|

* Medullary carcinoma of the breast
* Medullary thyroid cancer

Acinar cell|

* Acinic cell carcinoma

* v
* t
* e

Digestive system neoplasia

GI tract|

| Upper|

| Esophagus|

* Squamous cell carcinoma
* Adenocarcinoma

|

Stomach|

* Gastric carcinoma
* Signet ring cell carcinoma
* Gastric lymphoma
* MALT lymphoma
* Linitis plastica
* Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer

Lower|

| Small intestine|

* Duodenal cancer
* Adenocarcinoma

|

Appendix|

* Carcinoid
* Pseudomyxoma peritonei

Colon/rectum|

* Colorectal polyp: adenoma, hyperplastic, juvenile, sessile serrated adenoma, traditional serrated adenoma, Peutz–Jeghers

Cronkhite–Canada

* Polyposis syndromes: Juvenile
* MUTYH-associated
* Familial adenomatous/Gardner's
* Polymerase proofreading-associated
* Serrated polyposis

* Neoplasm: Adenocarcinoma
* Familial adenomatous polyposis
* Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer

Anus|

* Squamous cell carcinoma

Upper and/or lower|

* Gastrointestinal stromal tumor
* Krukenberg tumor (metastatic)

Accessory|

| Liver|

* malignant: Hepatocellular carcinoma
* Fibrolamellar
* Hepatoblastoma

* benign: Hepatocellular adenoma
* Cavernous hemangioma

* hyperplasia: Focal nodular hyperplasia
* Nodular regenerative hyperplasia

|

Biliary tract|

* bile duct: Cholangiocarcinoma
* Klatskin tumor

* gallbladder: Gallbladder cancer

Pancreas|

* exocrine pancreas: Adenocarcinoma
* Pancreatic ductal carcinoma

* cystic neoplasms: Serous microcystic adenoma
* Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm
* Mucinous cystic neoplasm
* Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm

* Pancreatoblastoma

Peritoneum|

* Primary peritoneal carcinoma
* Peritoneal mesothelioma
* Desmoplastic small round cell tumor

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