Shades of blue

Short description: Variety of the color blue

For other uses, see Shades of Blue (disambiguation).

"Shade of Blue" redirects here. For the song by Black Rebel Motorcycle Club, see Shade of Blue (song). For the R&B/funk band, see Shade of Blue (band).

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Blue

Wavelength| 440–490 nm
Common connotations
cold, sadness, confidence, harmony, water, winter, police
Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #0000FF
Source| X11

Varieties of the color blue may differ in hue, chroma (also called saturation, intensity, or colorfulness), or lightness (or value, tone, or brightness), or in two or three of these qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a blue or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black. A large selection of these colors is shown below.

## Contents

* 1 Definitions of blue
* 1.1 Blue (RGB) (X11 blue)
* 1.2 Blue (CMYK) (pigment blue)
* 1.3 Blue (Pantone)
* 1.4 Blue (NCS) (psychological primary blue)
* 1.5 Blue (Munsell)
* 2 Tints, shades, and variations of blue
* 2.1 Argentinian blue
* 2.2 Baby blue
* 2.3 B'dazzled blue
* 2.4 Bleu de France
* 2.5 Bluebonnet
* 2.6 Blue sapphire
* 2.7 Carolina blue
* 2.8 Celtic blue
* 2.9 Cool black
* 2.10 Dark blue
* 2.11 Dark sapphire
* 2.12 Delft blue
* 2.13 Duck blue
* 2.14 Duke blue
* 2.15 Egyptian blue
* 2.16 Fluorescent blue
* 2.17 Independence
* 2.18 International Klein Blue
* 2.19 King blue
* 2.20 Liberty
* 2.21 Light blue
* 2.22 Medium blue
* 2.23 Medium sapphire
* 2.24 Midnight blue
* 2.25 Moroccan blue
* 2.26 Navy blue
* 2.27 Neon blue
* 2.28 Periwinkle
* 2.29 Picotee blue
* 2.30 Polynesian blue
* 2.31 Powder blue
* 2.32 Process blue
* 2.33 Resolution blue
* 2.34 Robin Egg Blue
* 2.35 Ruddy blue
* 2.36 Sapphire
* 2.37 Sapphire (Maerz and Paul)
* 2.38 Sapphire blue
* 2.39 Savoy blue
* 2.40 Smalt
* 2.41 Space cadet
* 2.42 Spanish blue
* 2.43 Teal blue
* 2.44 Twin blue
* 2.45 Ultramarine
* 2.46 Uranian blue
* 2.47 Zaffer
* 3 Shades of azure
* 3.1 Azure (web color)
* 3.2 Variations of azure
* 3.2.1 Air Force blue
* 3.2.2 Alice blue
* 3.2.3 Berkeley blue
* 3.2.4 Brandeis blue
* 3.2.5 Celestial blue
* 3.2.6 Cerulean
* 3.2.7 Columbia blue
* 3.2.8 Cloudy blue
* 3.2.9 Cornflower blue
* 3.2.10 Deep sky blue
* 3.2.11 Dodger blue
* 3.2.12 French blue
* 3.2.13 Havana blue
* 3.2.14 Honolulu blue
* 3.2.15 Lapis lazuli
* 3.2.16 Light sky blue
* 3.2.17 Manganese blue
* 3.2.18 Maya blue
* 3.2.19 Pale azure
* 3.2.20 Penn blue
* 3.2.21 Picton blue
* 3.2.22 Puerto Rican blue
* 3.2.23 Royal blue (traditional)
* 3.2.24 Royal blue (web color)
* 3.2.25 Silver Lake blue
* 3.2.26 Sky blue
* 3.2.27 Steel blue
* 3.2.28 Tang blue
* 3.2.29 True blue
* 3.2.30 Tufts blue
* 3.2.31 U of T Blue
* 3.2.32 UNESCO blue
* 3.2.33 United Nations blue
* 3.2.34 Vista blue
* 3.2.35 Yale Blue
* 4 See also
* 5 References
* 5.1 Notes

## Definitions of blue

### Blue (RGB) (X11 blue)

Blue (Computer web color)

Red, green, and blue lights, representing the three basic additive primary colours of the RGB colour system, red, green, and blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #0000FF
Source| X11 color names[1]
HTML/CSS[2]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Vivid blue

The colour defined as blue in the RGB color model, X11 blue, is the most chromatic (colourful) blue that can be reproduced on a computer screen, and is the colour named blue in X11. It is one of the three primary colors used in the RGB colour space, along with red and green. The three additive primaries in the RGB colour system are the three colours of light chosen such as to provide the maximum gamut of colours that are capable of being represented on a computer or television set.

This colour is also called color wheel blue. It is at 240 degrees on the HSV/HSL colour wheel, also known as the RGB colour wheel. It is a spectral colour which lies at, or near, the short-wavelength end of the traditional "blue" and possibly was classified as "indigo" by Newton.[3] Its complementary colour is yellow.

Shades of blue labeled with HSL, RGB, and web color names.Shades of blue labeled with HSL, RGB, and web color names.

### Blue (CMYK) (pigment blue)

Blue (CMYK) (pigment blue)

Cyan, magenta, and yellow are the three subtractive primary colors used in printing

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #333399
Source| [4]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Vivid blue

The color defined as blue in the CMYK color system used in printing, also known as pigment blue, is the tone of blue that is achieved by mixing process (printer's) cyan and process (printer's) magenta in equal proportions.

The purpose of the CMYK color system is to provide the maximum possible gamut of color reproducible in printing by the use of only three primaries.

The color indicated is only approximate as the colors of printing inks may vary.

### Blue (Pantone)

Blue (Pantone)

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #0018A8
Source| [5]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Vivid blue

Blue (Pantone) is the color that is called blue in Pantone.

The source of this color is the "Pantone Textile Paper eXtended (TPX)" color list, color # Blue C, EC, HC, M, PC, U, or UP—Blue.[5]

### Blue (NCS) (psychological primary blue)

Blue (NCS)

Approximations within the sRGB gamut to the primary colors of the Natural Color System, a model based on the opponent process theory of color vision

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #0087BD
Source| sRGB approximation to NCS 2060-B[6]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Moderate blue

The color defined as blue in the NCS or Natural Color System is an azure-like color. The Natural Color System is a color system based on the four unique hues or psychological primary colors red, yellow, green, and blue. The NCS is based on the opponent process theory of vision.

The "Natural Color System" is widely used in Scandinavia.

NCS Blue can only be displayed approximately on a computer screen, as these spectral colors have been adjusted to fit into the sRGB gamut. In the 21st century, this hue is classified as a variation of azure that is on the border of cyan.

### Blue (Munsell)

Blue (Munsell)

The hues of the Munsell color system, at varying values, and maximum chroma to stay in the sRGB gamut

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #00DEFF
Source| [7]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Strong greenish blue

The Munsell color system is a color space that specifies colors based on three color dimensions: hue, value (lightness), and chroma (colorfulness), spaced uniformly (in terms of human perception) in three dimensions in the Munsell color solid. In order for all the colors to be spaced uniformly, it was found necessary to use a color wheel with five, non-arbitrary, equally spaced primary colors: red, yellow, green, blue, and purple.

The color of the sample is the most chromatic (colorful) blue in the sRGB gamut that falls in the hue of 5B (primary blue) in the Munsell color space. In the 21st century, this blue is classified as an intermediate between azure and cyan.

## Tints, shades, and variations of blue

The term tint and shade is used in its technical sense as used in color theory.

In this section, the term 'tint' usually refers to a blueish color mixed with white or light gray. The term shade is used in its technical sense as used in color theory, meaning a blueish color mixed with black or dark gray.

The colors arranged in order of their value (brightness) (V in the HSV code), the brighter colors toward the top and the darker colors toward the bottom.

### Argentinian blue

Argentinian Blue

Flag of Argentina

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #6CB4EE
Source| [Unsourced]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Light blue

The web color Argentinian blue is a light azure color seen on the national flag of Argentina.

### Baby blue

Main article: Baby blue

Baby blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #89CFF0
Source| Maerz & Paul (1930)[8](p 93, pl 35, nr E2)[9]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Very light greenish blue

Baby blue is known as one of the pastel colors.

This color is associated with baby boys in Western culture.

The first recorded use of baby blue as a color name in English was in 1892.[8](p 190)

### B'dazzled blue

B'dazzled Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #2E5894
Source| Crayola
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Moderate blue

B'dazzled blue is a color in Crayola Metallic FX, a specialty set of Crayola crayons introduced in 2001.

### Bleu de France

Main article: Bleu de France (colour)

Bleu de France

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #318CE7
Source| [10]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Vivid blue

Bleu de France is a vivid blue color that has been associated in heraldry with the Kings of France since the 12th century.

### Bluebonnet

Bluebonnet

Bluebonnet flowers

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #1C1CF0
Source| [11]

Bluebonnet is a bright shade of blue with a slight violet tinge. It represents the color of bluebonnet flowers, which are part of the lupin family. The bluebonnet is the state flower of Texas.

### Blue sapphire

Blue Sapphire

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #126180
Source| Pantone TPX[12][13]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Dark greenish blue

Displayed at right is the color blue sapphire.

The source of this color is the Pantone Textile Paper Extended (TPX) color list color #18-4231 "Blue Sapphire".

### Carolina blue

Main article: Carolina blue

Carolina blue

Common connotations

University of North Carolina

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #4B9CD3
Source| Color Palette. "Color Palette". https://identity.unc.edu/brand/color-palette.
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Light blue

Carolina blue (occasionally referred to as Tar Heel blue or Dialectic blue) is the shade of blue used as one of the official school colors of the University of North Carolina.

### Celtic blue

Celtic Blue

Colour coordinates
Hex triplet| #246BCE
Source| [14]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Vivid blue

Celtic blue is a shade of blue, also known as glas celtig in Welsh, or gorm ceilteach in both the Irish language and in Scottish Gaelic. Julius Caesar reported (in Commentarii de Bello Gallico) that the Britanni used to colour their bodies blue with vitrum, a word that means primarily "glass", but also the domestic name for the "woad" (Isatis tinctoria), besides the Gaulish loanword glastum (from Proto-Celtic *glastos "green"). The connection seems to be that both glass and the woad are "water-like" (lat. vitrum is from Proto-Indo-European *wed-ro- "water-like").

### Cool black

Cool black (PMS 295)

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #002E63
Source| [Unsourced]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Very dark blue

Cool black is a dark shade of blue. It is one of the Pantone colors.[15]

### Dark blue

Dark Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #00008B
Source| X11
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Vivid blue

Dark blue is a shade of the standard (h = 240°) blue.

### Dark sapphire

Dark Sapphire

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #082567
Source| [16]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Deep blue

Dark sapphire is a dark tone of sapphire.

### Delft blue

Delft Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #1F305E
Source| [17]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Dark blue

Delft blue is a dark blue color.

The name is derived from the Dutch pottery Delftware, also known simply as "Delft Blue".

### Duck blue

Duck Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #007791
Source| [18]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Moderate greenish blue

Duck blue is a moderate greenish blue.

### Duke blue

Main article: Duke blue

Duke blue

Common connotations

Duke University

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #012169
Source| Duke University[19][20]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Deep blue

Duke blue is a version of royal blue used by Duke University as one of its primary colors, especially for athletics.

### Egyptian blue

Main article: Egyptian blue

Egyptian Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #1034A6
Source| [21]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Vivid blue

Egyptian blue is a pigment that was used in Ancient Egypt.

### Fluorescent blue

Fluorescent blue

Indian 50 rupee note, obverse

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #15F4EE
Source| [Unsourced]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Brilliant bluish green

Fluorescent blue is a shade of blue that is radiant based on fluorescence. This is the main color on the Indian 50-rupee note.[citation needed]

### Independence

Independence

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #4C516D
Source| [22]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Dark blue

Independence is a dark blue color.

The first recorded use of independence as a color name in English was in 1927.[23]

### International Klein Blue

Main article: International Klein Blue

International Klein Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #002FA7
Source| [24]

International Klein Blue (IKB) is a deep blue hue first mixed by the French artist Yves Klein. IKB's visual impact comes from its heavy reliance on ultramarine, as well as Klein's often thick and textured application of paint to canvas. Klein never patented the color, only submitting a Soleau envelope without progressing to the patent stage.[25]

### King blue

King Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #375184
Source| My Perfect Color[26]

Displayed as right is the color king blue, a variant of sapphire with a violet tone.

### Liberty

Liberty

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #545AA7
Source| [27][28]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Strong blue

Liberty is a strong blue color.

The first recorded use of liberty as a color name in English was in 1918.[29]

### Light blue

Light blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #ADD8E6
Source| X11
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Very light greenish blue

The web color light blue is part of the X11 color system, with a hue code of 194. Variations of this color are known as sky blue, baby blue, or angel blue.

The first recorded use of "light blue" as a color term in English is in 1915.[30]

### Medium blue

Medium Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #0000CD
Source| X11
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Vivid blue

The web color medium blue is a shade of the standard (h = 240°) blue.

### Medium sapphire

Medium Sapphire

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #2D5DA1
Source| Crayola
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Strong blue

Medium sapphire is the color called sapphire in Crayola Gem Tones, a specialty set of Crayola crayons introduced in 1994.

### Midnight blue

Main article: Midnight blue

Midnight Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #191970
Source| X11
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Vivid blue

Midnight blue is an X11 web color. This color was originally called midnight. The first recorded use of midnight as a color name in English was in 1915.[31]

### Moroccan blue

Moroccan blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #468FEA
Source| [32]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Vivid blue

Moroccan blue (also Chefchaouen blue) is a vivid blue color.

### Navy blue

Main article: Navy blue

Navy Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #000080
Source| HTML/CSS[33]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Vivid blue

Navy blue is a shade of the standard (h = 240°) blue. Navy blue got its name from the dark blue (contrasted with white) worn by sailors in the Royal Navy since 1748 (originally called marine blue before 1840) and subsequently adopted by other navies around the world.

The first recorded use of navy blue as a color name in English was in 1840.[34]

### Neon blue

Neon Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #4D4DFF
Source| [35]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Vivid purplish blue

Neon blue is a vivid purplish blue.

### Periwinkle

Main article: Periwinkle (color)

Periwinkle

File:Vinca minor Nashvillle.jpg

Periwinkle flowers

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #CCCCFF
Source| Maerz and Paul
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Very light purplish blue

Periwinkle (also periwinkle blue or lavender blue) is a mixture of white, blue, and red. It is named after the Periwinkle flower and is also commonly referred to as a tone of light blue.

### Picotee blue

Picotee Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #2E2787
Source| [36]

Picotee blue represents the color of the picotee flower. It is a deep shade of indigo, almost resembling St. Patrick's blue.

### Polynesian blue

Polynesian Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #224C98
Source| [37]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Vivid blue

Polynesian blue is a dark blue color, almost navy.

### Powder blue

Main article: Powder blue

Powder Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #B0E0E6
Source| X11[33]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Very light bluish green

Powder blue is a light bluish green.

The first recorded use of powder blue as a color name in English was in 1774.[38] It is a web color.

### Process blue

Process Blue C

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #0085CA
Source| [Unsourced]

Process blue is a Pantone-defined shade[39] used by the football team the Carolina Panthers and is sometimes consequently called "Carolina blue" or "Panther blue".[40]

### Resolution blue

Resolution Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #002387
Source| [41]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Vivid blue

Resolution blue is a vivid blue color. The color name dates back to at least 2001, and came into wider use when the Resene Paints colors were used as one of the sources for the Xona Games Color List.[42] Many of Resene's shades of blue and cyan are named after places in New Zealand's Marlborough Sounds, where Resolution Bay is located.

### Robin Egg Blue

Robin Egg Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #96DED1
Source| [43]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Very Light Greenish Blue

Robin Egg Blue is a pale shade of blue-green, whose name comes from the color of the eggs of the American robin, a bird native to North America whose egg pigment, called biliverdin, is responsible for this color.

### Ruddy blue

Ruddy Blue

Male Ruddy duck

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #76ABDF
Source| [44]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Brilliant blue

Ruddy blue represents the coloring of the beak of the ruddy duck.

### Sapphire

"Sapphire blue" redirects here. For other uses, see Sapphire Blue.

Sapphire

Sapphire gemstone

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #082567
Source| [16]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Deep blue

Sapphire is a saturated shade of blue, referring to the gemstone of the same name. Sapphire gems most commonly occur in a range of blue shades, although they can come in many different colors.

The first recorded use of sapphire as a color name in English was in 1430.[45]

Medium sapphire is the color called sapphire in Crayola Gem Tones, a specialty set of Crayola crayons introduced in 1994. B'dazzled blue is a color in Crayola Metallic FX, a specialty set of Crayola crayons introduced in 2001. the Pantone Textile Paper Extended (TPX) color list color #18-4231 describes "Blue Sapphire". King blue is a variant of sapphire with a violet tone. Dark sapphire is a dark tone of sapphire.

### Sapphire (Maerz and Paul)

Sapphire

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #0F52BA
Source| Maerz and Paul[46]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Vivid blue

Displayed at right is the color sapphire used in A Dictionary of Color by Maerz and Paul.

The first recorded use of sapphire as a color name in English was in 1430.[47]

### Sapphire blue

"Sapphire blue" redirects here. For the RAL color, see RAL 5003 Sapphire blue.

Sapphire Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #0067A5
Source| ISCC-NBS[48]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Strong blue

At right is displayed the color sapphire blue.

### Savoy blue

Savoy blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #4B61D1
Source| [44]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Vivid blue

Savoy blue, or savoy azure, is a shade of saturation blue between peacock blue and periwinkle, lighter than peacock blue.[49] It owes its name to its being the color of the House of Savoy, a ruling dynasty in Italy from 1861 to 1946.

The Italy national football team at the 1982 FIFA World Cup

Having become a national color with the unification of Italy (1861), its use continued even after the birth of the Italian Republic (1946) with the name "Italian blue". An Italian-blue border was inserted on the edge of the Presidential Standard of Italy and the use of the blue scarf for the Italian Armed Forces' officers, for the presidents of the Italian provinces during the official ceremonies and of the blue jersey for Italian national sports teams it was also maintained in the Republican era.

### Smalt

Smalt

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #003399
Source| [50]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Vivid blue

Smalt has also been known under other names such as azurblau, Bohemian Blue, Dutch Ultramarine, enamel blue, Isenburg Blue. It was also known by many as Saxon Blue since the primary sources of cobalt ore used to make it were located in Saxony.

Smalt predates Thénard's Blue by several to many hundreds of years, which turned up as a result of the French government's famed search for a synthetic version of Lapis Lazuli. The Napoleonic administration appointed Louis-Jacques Thénard to find a substitute for Lapis Lazuli, and instead he found Cobalt Blue.

### Space cadet

Space Cadet

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #1E2952
Source| [51]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Dark blue

Space cadet is one of the colors on the Resene Color List,[52] a color list popular in Australia and New Zealand. The color "space cadet" was formulated in 2007.

### Spanish blue

Spanish Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #0070B8
Source| Gallego and Sanz[53]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Strong blue

Spanish blue is the color that is called Azul (the Spanish word for "blue") in the Guía de coloraciones (Guide to colorations) by Rosa Gallego and Juan Carlos Sanz, a color dictionary published in 2005 that is widely popular in the Hispanophone realm.

### Teal blue

Teal blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #367588
Source| [54]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Moderate greenish blue

Teal blue is a medium tone of teal with more blue.[55]

The first recorded use of teal blue as a color name in English was in 1927.[56]

### Twin blue

Twin Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #BEDBED
Source| [57]

Twin Blue is so named since its HEX color code spells out "BED" twice. The color is also recognized for bearing close semblance to the light pastel shade of cyan common on bed sheets.

### Ultramarine

Main article: Ultramarine

Ultramarine

Ultramarine pigment

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #120A8F
Source| Xona Games[58] and ColorHexa[59]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Vivid blue
Lapis lazuli, the source of the ultramarine pigment

Ultramarine is a blue pigment in use since medieval times. It was originally derived from lapis lazuli, a bright blue mineral.

### Uranian blue

Uranian Blue

Uranus with clouds

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #AFDBF5
Source| [60][61][62]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Very light greenish blue

Uranian blue is a light greenish blue, the color of the planet Uranus, which was named after Uranus, the primordial god of the sky and the heavens in Greek mythology.

### Zaffer

Main article: Zaffre

Zaffer

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #0014A8
Source| X11
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Deep blue

Zaffer, a prescientific, or alchemical substance, is a deep blue color that is obtained by roasting cobalt ore, and is made of either an impure form of cobalt oxide[63] or impure cobalt arsenate. During the Victorian Era, zaffer was used to prepare smalt and to stain glass blue.[64]

The first recorded use of zaffer as a color name in English was sometime in the 1550s (exact year uncertain).[65]

## Shades of azure

Azure

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #0080FF
Source| [66][67]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Vivid blue
Azure pigment

Azure (/ˈæʒər, ˈeɪʒər/ AZH-ər, AY-zhər, UK also /ˈæzjʊər, ˈeɪzjʊər/ AZ-ure, AY-zure)[68][69][70] is a variation of blue that is often described as the color of the sky on a clear day.

On the RGB color wheel, "azure" (hexadecimal #0080FF) is defined as the color at 210 degrees, i.e., the hue halfway between blue and cyan. In the RGB color model, used to create all the colors on a television or computer screen, azure is created by adding a little green light to blue light. The complementary color of azure is orange.

Shades of azure labeled with HSL, RGB, and web color names.Shades of azure labeled with HSL, RGB, and web color names.

### Azure (web color)

Azure mist

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #F0FFFF
Source| X11
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Very pale cyan

In the X11 color system which became a standard for early web colors, azure is depicted as a pale cyan or whitish cyan rather than a shade of azure.

In an artistic context, this color could also be called azure mist or cyan mist.

### Variations of azure

In this section, the term shade is used in its technical sense as used in color theory, meaning a blueish color mixed with black or dark gray. The colors arranged in order of their value (brightness) (V in the HSV code), the brighter colors toward the top and the darker colors toward the bottom.

#### Air Force blue

Main article: Air Force blue

Air Force Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #5D8AA8
Source| Vexillological:[71]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Moderate greenish blue

Air force blue, also known as RAF blue, is used by the Royal Air Force, the first air force to choose an "air force blue" color by which to identify itself, in 1920.

The color "air force blue" is a medium tone of azure since it has a hue code of 204 which is a hue code between 195 and 225, signifying a tone of azure.

#### Alice blue

Main article: Alice blue

Alice Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #F0F8FF
Source| X11[72]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Greenish white

The web color Alice blue is a pale tint of azure.

#### Berkeley blue

Berkeley Blue

File:Cal Bears logo
Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #003262
Source| [73]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Deep blue

Berkeley Blue is one of the official colors of the University of California, Berkeley, along with California Gold.[74] Until 2007, the university had used Yale Blue in its place, given Berkeley's historical ties to Yale University, particularly in its founding.[75] Berkeley's school colors are the originators for those of all the campuses in the University of California system, of which Berkeley is the oldest as its flagship.

#### Brandeis blue

Brandeis Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #0070FF
Source| [76]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Vivid blue

Brandeis blue is the tone of azure used in association with Brandeis University.

The university administration defines Brandeis blue as corresponding to the Pantone color of 294 or the process color of 100c 86m 14y w24k.[77]

#### Celestial blue

Celestial Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #4997D0
Source| [78]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Light blue

The first recorded use of celestial blue as a color name in English was in 1535.[79]

The source of this color is the Plochere Color System, a color system formulated in 1948 that is widely used by interior designers.[80]

#### Cerulean

Cerulean

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #007BA7
Source| [Unsourced]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Strong greenish blue

Main article: Cerulean

The first recorded use of cerulean as a color name in English was in 1590.[81]

The word is probably derived from the Latin word caeruleus, "dark blue, blue, or blue-green", which in turn probably derives from caelulum, diminutive of caelum, "heaven, sky".[82]

#### Columbia blue

Main article: Columbia blue

Columbia Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #B9D9EB
Source| Columbia University[83]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Very light greenish blue

Columbia blue is a medium light tone of azure named after Columbia University. The typical Columbia blue is defined by Pantone Columbia Blue (PANTONE 290).[83]

#### Cloudy blue

Cloudy Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #9BBCD8
Source| [84]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Light greenish blue

Cloudy blue is a light, opaque tone of azure.

#### Cornflower blue

Main article: Cornflower blue

Cornflower Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #6495ED
Source| X11
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Brilliant blue
Cornflowers Cornflower blue ice cream

Cornflower blue is a shade of medium-to-light blue containing relatively little green. Its name is a reference to the flower Centaurea cyanus.

#### Deep sky blue

Deep Sky Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #00BFFF
Source| X11
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Brilliant greenish blue

Deep sky blue is an azure-cyan color associated with deep sky blue.

Deep sky blue (Capri) is a web color.

This color is on the color wheel (RGB/HSV color wheel) halfway between azure and cyan.

The traditional name for this color is Capri.[85]

The first use of Capri as a color name in English was in 1920.[86]

The color Capri in general is named for the azure-cyan color of the Mediterranean Sea around the island of Capri off Italy, the site of several villas belonging to the Roman Emperor Tiberius, including his imperial residence in his later years, the Villa Jovis. Specifically, the color Capri is named after the color of the Blue Grotto on the island of Capri[87] as it appears on a bright sunny day. Today the island of Capri is a resort island popular with tourists.

The name deep sky blue for this color did not come into use until the promulgation of the X11 color list in 1987.

Blue Grotto waters showing their distinctive azure colour

The name Capri is still used for this color as well as the name deep sky blue. This color is used on the website BlueskyTemplate:No source.

#### Dodger blue

Main article: Dodger blue

Dodger Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #1E90FF
Source| X11
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Vivid blue

Dodger blue is a rich bright tone of azure named for its use in the uniform of the Los Angeles Dodgers.

#### French blue

French Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #0072BB
Source| Maerz and Paul
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Strong blue

French blue[88] is a deep azure color commonly used in quality men's dress shirts.

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first use of French Blue in English was in The Times of 1802.[89]

#### Havana blue

Havana Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #A5DBE5
Source| https://icolorpalette.com/color/a5dbe5
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Very light greenish blue

Havana blue is a very light tone of azure.

#### Honolulu blue

Honolulu Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #0076B6
Source| [90]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Strong blue

Honolulu blue is the tone of azure used in association with the Detroit Lions football team.[91][92]

#### Lapis lazuli

Rough and polished Lapis lazuli. Lapis Lazuli

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #26619C
Source| [93][not specific enough to verify]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Moderate blue

The color lapis lazuli is displayed at left.

Slab of polished lapis lazuli

Lapis Lazuli is a color that is a representation of the most common color of lapis lazuli.

#### Light sky blue

Light Sky Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #87CEFA
Source| X11 color names
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Brilliant greenish blue

There is a web color of light sky blue.

#### Manganese blue

Manganese Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #1099D6
Source| [94]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Manganese blue

Manganese blue is a clear greenish azure blue colour.

#### Maya blue

Main article: Maya blue

Maya Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #73C2FB
Source| [Unsourced]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Light blue

Maya blue was a pigment widely used by the Mayan civilization.

#### Pale azure

Pale azure

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #87D3F8
Source| X11
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Very light greenish blue

#### Penn blue

University of Pennsylvania Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #011F5B
Source| [95]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Deep purplish blue

Penn Blue is one of the official colors of the University of Pennsylvania, along with Penn Red. While the school colors were defined by 1910,[96] university history points to earlier times when the colors may have been chosen, including a possible visit by George Washington to the university, where students used the color of his tunic to determine school colors or a track meet where Penn athletes declared that they would wear the colors "of the teams we beat," which would be those of both Harvard University and Yale University.[97] Originally defined as the colors used on the American flag, the colors have since deviated.[96]

#### Picton blue

Picton Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #45B1E8
Source| [41]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Brilliant greenish blue

The color name Picton blue dates back to at least 2001, and came into wider use when the Resene Paints colors were used as one of the sources for the Xona Games Color List.[42] Many of Resene's shades of blue and cyan are named after places in New Zealand's Marlborough Sounds, where the town of Picton is located.

#### Puerto Rican blue

Puerto Rican Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #0044ff
Source| [98]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Bright blue
Flag of Puerto Rico

Puerto Rican blue is a bright, cool, saturated shade of blue matching the shade of color of the triangle on Puerto Rico's current national flag.

#### Royal blue (traditional)

Main article: Royal blue

Royal blue (traditional)

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #002366
Source| [99]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Deep blue

The traditional color called royal blue is a dark shade of azure.

#### Royal blue (web color)

Main article: Royal blue

Royal Blue (web color)

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #4169E1
Source| X11
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Vivid blue

The web color royal blue is a rich tone of azure.

#### Silver Lake blue

Silver Lake Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #5D89BA
Source| [100]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Moderate blue

The source of Silver Lake blue is the "Pantone Textile Paper eXtended (TPX)" color list, color #17-4030 TPX—Silver Lake Blue.[100]

#### Sky blue

Sky Blue

Common connotations
boys, daylight, water, air, paleness
Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #87CEEB
Source| X11 color names
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Very light greenish blue
Bright blue sky with white clouds

The first recorded use of sky blue as a color name in English was in 1728 in the Cyclopædia of Ephraim Chambers.[101] Prior to the Chambers reference, the color had first been used in 1585 in a book by Nicolas de Nicolay where he stated "the tulbant[clarification needed] of the merchant must be skie coloured".[102]

#### Steel blue

Main article: Steel blue

Steel Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #4682B4
Source| X11
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Moderate blue

Steel blue is a grayish tone of azure that resembles the color blue steel, i.e., steel which has been subjected to bluing in order to protect it from rust.

The first recorded use of steel blue as a color name in English was in 1817.[103]

#### Tang blue

Tang Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #0059CF
Source| [104]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Vivid blue
Royal blue tang

The color tang blue is a deep tone of azure that is the color of royal blue tang fish.

#### True blue

Main article: True Blue (color)

True Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #2D68C4
Source| [105]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Vivid blue

The color true blue is a deep tone of azure that is the color of the uniforms of the sports teams of UCLA. It is also one of the shades of blue used by the Los Angeles Chargers though they use the name powder blue.

#### Tufts blue

Main article: Tufts Blue

Tufts Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #3E8EDE
Source| [106]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Strong blue

Tufts blue is the tone of azure used in association with Tufts University.

#### U of T Blue

Main article: U of T Blue

U of T Blue

Colour coordinates
Hex triplet| #1E3765
CMYKH (c, m, y, k)| (100, 79, 12, 59)
Source| [107]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Deep blue
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

U of T Blue[108] is the navy blue shade of colour used in association with and by the University of Toronto in Greater Toronto, Ontario, Canada.[107]

The colour is significant to the history of Toronto, as its early use by the university's Varsity Blues influenced the official colours of professional sports teams such as the Toronto Maple Leafs and Marlies (hockey), Blue Jays (baseball), and Argonauts (football), and the city of Toronto's logo, flag, and coat of arms.[109]

#### UNESCO blue

UNESCO blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #0069b4
Source| [110]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Strong blue
Logo of UNESCO

#### United Nations blue

United Nations Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #009EDB
Source| [111]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Strong blue
Flag of the United Nations

The color United Nations blue resembles the shade of blue seen on the flag of the United Nations. Current branding guidelines (since 2020[112]) use Pantone 2925. Previously, the flag used Pantone 279.[113]

#### Vista blue

Vista Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #7C9ED9
Source| [114]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Light blue

The source of vista blue is the "Pantone Textile Paper eXtended (TPX)" color list, color #15-3930 TPX—Vista Blue.[114]

#### Yale Blue

Main article: Yale Blue

Yale "Blue Site" Blue

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #00356B
Source| [115]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Deep blue

Yale Blue is the dark azure color used in association with Yale University. The hue of Yale Blue is one of the two official colors of Indiana State University,[116] the University of Mississippi,[117] and Southern Methodist University.[118] The official color "DCU Blue" of Dublin City University is very close to Yale Blue.[119]

Yale Blue was also an official color of University of California, Berkeley[75] and Duke University.[120]

## See also

* Lists of colors
* RAL 5009 Azure blue
* Cyan

## References

1. ↑ "X11 rgb.txt". http://cvsweb.xfree86.org/cvsweb/*checkout*/xc/programs/rgb/rgb.txt?rev=1.1.
2. ↑ "W3C TR CSS3 Colour Module, HTML4 color keywords". W3C. May 2003. http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-colour/#html4.
3. ↑ Waldman, Gary (2002). Introduction to light : the physics of light, vision, and colour (Dover ed.). Mineola: Dover Publications. pp. 193. ISBN 978-0-486-42118-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=PbsoAXWbnr4C&q=Newton+color+Indigo&pg=PA193.
4. ↑ "Tintbooks". March 18, 2007. http://www.tintbook.com/.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Pantone TPX[lower-alpha 1]
6. ↑ The sRGB values are taken by converting the NCS color 2060-B using the "NCS Navigator" tool at the NCS website.
7. ↑ "Munsell Color Palette". https://pteromys.melonisland.net/munsell/.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Maerz; Paul (1930). A Dictionary of Color. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. p. 63, plate 35, sample E2; p 190.
9. ↑ The color displayed in this color box matches the color called baby blue is displayed on page 93, plate 35, as color sample E2 in Template:Harvb.[8]
10. ↑ "Pourpre.com". http://pourpre.com/fr/dictionnaire/file/France.
11. ↑ "Bluebonnet / #1c1cf0 Hex Color Code". https://encycolorpedia.com/1c1cf0.
12. ↑ Pantone TPX
13. ↑ Type the word "Blue Sapphire" into the indicated window on the Pantone Color Finder and the color will appear.
14. ↑ "Celtic blue / #246bce Hex Color Code". https://encycolorpedia.com/246bce.
15. ↑ "PANTONE 295 C". https://www.pantone.com/connect/295-C.
16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Color Sapphire | Hex Code #082567 | RGB 8, 37, 103". https://www.99colors.net/name/sapphire.
17. ↑ "Derwent Studio Pencil Delft Blue". https://www.officeworks.com.au/shop/officeworks/p/derwent-studio-pencil-delft-blue-ssd32128.
18. ↑ "Retsof online version of ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Colo(u)r Names - Da through Dz". December 19, 2017. http://tx4.us/nbs/nbs-d.htm.
19. ↑ "Colors". Duke University Communications. https://brand.duke.edu/colors/#brand-colors.
20. ↑ "The Origin of Duke Blue". Duke University Libraries. http://library.duke.edu/uarchives/faqs/duke_blue.html.
21. ↑ "Pigments through the Ages - Manufacture Recipes - Egyptian blue". http://webexhibits.org/pigments/indiv/recipe/egyptblue.html.
22. ↑ "Retsof online version of ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Colo(u)r Names - Ia through Iz". December 19, 2017. http://tx4.us/nbs/nbs-i.htm.
23. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 196; color sample of Independence: Page 117 Plate 47 Color Sample H12
24. ↑ "International Klein Blue / #002fa7 hex color". https://www.colorhexa.com/002fa7.
25. ↑ Christa Haiml (2007). "Restoring the Immaterial: Study and Treatment of Yves Klein's Blue Monochrome (IKB42)". in Learner, Tom. Modern Paints Uncovered: Proceedings from the Modern Paints Uncovered Symposium. Los Angeles: Getty Publications. ISBN 9780892369065.
26. ↑ "Match of Oracal™ Series 951 Premium Cast 049 King Blue *". https://www.myperfectcolor.com/paint/384262-oracal-series-951-premium-cast-049-king-blue.
27. ↑ "Retsof online version of ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Colo(u)r Names - La through Lz". December 20, 2017. http://tx4.us/nbs/nbs-l.htm.
28. ↑ Color sample #196 on the ISCC-NBS color list is the color sample that matches the color in the book by Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill—Color Sample of Liberty: Page 109 Plate 43 Color Sample C12
29. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 197; Color Sample of Liberty: Page 109 Plate 43 Color Sample C12
30. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 190
31. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York: 1930 McGraw-Hill Page 199; Color Sample of Midnight: Page 103 Plate 40 Color Sample A8
32. ↑ "Chefchaouen Blue Color Palette". https://www.color-hex.com/color-palette/95077.
33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 "W3C TR CSS3 Color Module, HTML4 color keywords". W3C. May 2003. http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#html4.
34. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 103; Color Sample of Navy blue: Page 131 Plate 40 Color Sample E11
35. ↑ Html Css Color
36. ↑ "Picotee Blue :: #2e2787 :: RGB(46, 39, 135) :: Color in the Blue Magenta color family". https://colorswatches.info/color/picotee-blue.
37. ↑ "Polynesian Blue :: #224c98 :: RGB(34, 76, 152) :: Color in the Cyan Blue color family". https://colorswatches.info/color/224c98.
38. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 202. See color sample of powder blue, Page 95—Plate 36 Color Sample H2
39. ↑ "PANTONE Process Blue C". https://www.pantone.com/connect/PROCESS-BLUE-C.
40. ↑ Shook, Nick (2023-04-06). "Panthers to make color correction, but not changing uniforms" (in en-US). NFL. https://www.nfl.com/news/panthers-to-make-color-correction-not-changing-uniforms. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 "Xona Games - Color List". http://xona.com/colorlist/.
42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 Doucette, Matthew. "Color List". Xona Games, Inc.. http://xona.com/colorlist/. Retrieved 2014-02-11.
43. ↑ "Shades of Blue". 2 November 2022. https://thecolorsmeaning.com/shades-of-blue-color-names/.
44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 "Ruddy Blue :: #76abdf :: RGB(118, 171, 223) :: Color in the Cyan Blue color family". https://colorswatches.info/color/ruddy-blue.
45. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 204; Color Sample of Sapphire: Page 97 Plate 37 Color Sample L8
46. ↑ The color displayed in the color box above matches the color called sapphire in the 1930 book by Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill; the color sapphire is displayed on page 97, Plate 37, Color Sample L8.
47. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 204; Color Sample of Sapphire: Page 97 Plate 37 Color Sample L8
48. ↑ ISCC-NBS[Usurped!]
49. ↑ Grossmann, Maria (1988) (in it). Colori e lessico: studi sulla struttura semantica degli aggettivi di colore in catalano, castigliano, italiano, romeno, latino ed ungherese. Gunter Narr Verlag. ISBN 3-87808-370-X.
50. ↑ "iColorpalette". https://icolorpalette.com/color/smalt.
51. ↑ "Colour Swatch". https://www.resene.co.nz/swatches/preview.php?chart=Resene+Multi-finish+range+(2016)&brand=Resene&name=Space+Cadet.
52. ↑ "Hex, RGB | Swatch | Resene Paints". https://www.resene.co.nz/swatches/preview.php?chart=Resene Multi-finish range (2016)&brand=Resene&name=Space Cadet.
53. ↑ Gallego, Rosa; Sanz, Juan Carlos (2005). Guía de coloraciones (Gallego, Rosa; Sanz, Juan Carlos (2005). Guide to Colorations) Madrid: H. Blume. ISBN 84-89840-31-8
54. ↑ Kelly, Kenneth L. and Judd, Deanne B. (December 1976) "Color: Universal Language and Dictionary of Names", National Bureau of Standards, Spec. Publ. 440
55. ↑ "Hexful – Teal Blue #367588". https://www.hexful.com/?search=367588.
56. ↑ Maerz, Aloys John and M. Rea Paul (1930) A Dictionary of Color, New York, McGraw-Hill, p. 205; color sample of Teal Blue: p. 101 Plate 39 Color Sample L6
57. ↑ "bedbed". https://www.colorhexmap.com/bedbed.
58. ↑ Doucette, Matthew. "Xona Games - Color List". http://xona.com/colorlist/.
59. ↑ "Ultramarine / #120a8f hex color". https://www.colorhexa.com/120a8f.
60. ↑ "Uranus Palette Color Palette". https://www.color-hex.com/color-palette/89399.
61. ↑ "Uranian Blue color - #AFDBF5 - The Official Register of Color Names". https://color-register.org/color/uranian-blue.
62. ↑ "#afdbf5 Hex Color Information". https://colorify.rocks/color/afdbf5.
63. ↑ "ClayArt". http://www.potters.org/subject74249.htm.
64. ↑ Mackenzie's Five Thousand Receipts in All the Useful and Domestic Arts , 1845, "Pottery: Black glazing p 369.
65. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 207; Color Sample of Zaffer: Page 109 Plate 43 Color Sample D11
66. ↑ On the RGB color wheel, Azure is defined as the colour halfway between blue and cyan. It has a hex code of 0080FF.
67. ↑ On colour plate 33 (page 89) of the 1930 book A Dictionary of Color by Maerz and Paul, the colours on the right side of colour plate 33 from top to bottom represent the most highly saturated colours on the color wheel from cyan to azure, and the colours on the bottom of colour plate 33 from right to left represent the most highly saturated colours on the colour wheel from azure to blue. The colour sample that represents azure is colour sample L12 on Plate 33 on Page 89. See reference to Azure on Page 190 in the index. See also discussion of the color azure, Page 149.
68. ↑ Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
69. ↑ Jones, Daniel (2011), Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-15255-6
70. ↑ "azure". azure. Oxford University Press. http://www.lexico.com/definition/azure.
71. ↑ History of the RAF, Chapter 7 – Cultural & Organizational Heritage, p. 370
72. ↑ "W3C TR CSS3 Color Module, SVG color keywords". W3C. May 2003. http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#svg-color.
73. ↑ "Colors". https://brand.berkeley.edu/visual-identity/colors/.
74. ↑ Colors | UC Berkeley Brand Identity. brand.berkeley.edu. Retrieved on April 6, 2014.
75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 "History, Symbols, and Traditions: What are Cal's official colors?". University of California, Berkeley. May 8, 2007. http://facultyguide.berkeley.edu/campuslife/faq_18.html.
76. ↑ "Wayback Machine". http://www.brandeis.edu/communications/publications/downloads/identity_manual.pdf.
77. ↑ "Brandeis University Identity Manual". 2013. p. 6. http://www.brandeis.edu/communications/publications/downloads/identity_manual.pdf. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
78. ↑ "NBS/ISCC P - Plochere Color System". March 1, 2012. http://colors.bravo9.com/nbs-iscc-p-plochere-color-system/list/all/.
79. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 192; Color Sample of Celestial blue: Page 93 Plate 35 Color Sample D3
80. ↑ "NBS/ISCC P - Plochere Color System". March 1, 2012. Archived from the original on August 21, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100821120555/http://colors.bravo9.com/nbs-iscc-p-plochere-color-system/list/all/.
81. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 190; Color Sample of Cerulean: Page 89 Plate 33 Color Sample E6
82. ↑ "cerulean | Search Online Etymology Dictionary" (in en). http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=cerulean&searchmode=none.
83. ↑ 83.0 83.1 "Colors | Identity Guidelines". https://visualidentity.columbia.edu/content/colors-1. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
84. ↑ "Pantone / PMS 14-4123 TCX / Clear Sky / #9bbcd8 Hex Color Code". https://encycolorpedia.com/9BBCD8.
85. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Color Sample of Capri: Page 93 Plate 35 Color Sample L7; The color Capri is shown as lying halfway between Cyan and Azure.
86. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 191
87. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 152 Discussion of the color Capri
88. ↑ "Color Sample of French Blue on ISCC-NBS color chart (color sample #178)". http://tx4.us/nbs/nbs-f.htm.
89. ↑ "French, adj. and n.". Oxford English Dictionary. OUP. https://www.oed.com/Entry/74478. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
90. ↑ Detroit Lions 2023 Media Guide
91. ↑ Dow, Bill (April 22, 2009). "The Evolution of the Detroit Lions' Uniforms". https://www.vintagedetroit.com/blog/2009/04/22/the-evolution-of-the-detroit-lions’-uniform/.
92. ↑ NFL Throwback (August 20, 2020). "How EVERY Team Got Their Colors!". https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OXcFE3zTreg&t=0h12m59s.
93. ↑ "Pourpre.com". http://pourpre.com/fr/dictionnaire/file/lapis.
94. ↑ "Manganese Blue Hue #1099D6 RGB(16, 153, 214)". 12 August 2021. https://color-term.com/color/winsornewton-manganese-blue-hue-1099d6/.
95. ↑ "Home | Penn Brand Standards". https://branding.web-resources.upenn.edu/.
96. ↑ 96.0 96.1 "History of Penn Colors". https://archives.upenn.edu/exhibits/penn-history/penn-colors.
97. ↑ "History and Traditions" (in en). https://pennathletics.com/sports/2016/6/24/_131485207643959939.aspx.
98. ↑ "#0044ff / #04f Hex Color Code". https://encycolorpedia.com/0044ff.
99. ↑ Foster, John C.. "Color names starting with ROSE through RUST". Texas Precancel Club. http://tx4.us/mo/rose.htm.
100. ↑ 100.0 100.1 Pantone TPX[lower-alpha 2]
101. ↑ "sky-blue, n. and adj.". Oxford English Dictionary. OUP. https://www.oed.com/Entry/181142. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
102. ↑ "sky-coloured | sky-colored, adj.". Oxford English Dictionary. OUP. https://www.oed.com/Entry/181145. Retrieved 21 April 2011. {{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes } ill Page 204; Color Sample of Sky Blue: Page 89 Plate 33 Color Sample E6
103. ↑ Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 205
104. ↑ "Tang Blue Color Palette". https://www.color-hex.com/color-palette/89401.
105. ↑ "UCLA Athletics website". https://s3.amazonaws.com/sidearm.sites/uclabruins.com/documents/2017/6/29/UA_Style_Guide.pdf.
106. ↑ "visual identity standards". http://communications.tufts.edu/wp-content/uploads/TuftsVisualIdentity-final.pdf.
107. ↑ 107.0 107.1 "Guidelines" (in en-CA). https://archive.brand.utoronto.ca/guidelines/#colour.
108. ↑ "University of Toronto - Colour Quick Guide". https://www.utm.utoronto.ca/communications/media/327/download?inline.
109. ↑ Fitz-Gerald, Sean (2021-01-20). "Why do the Maple Leafs, Argonauts and other Toronto sports teams wear blue?" (in en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/2311817/2021/01/20/why-toronto-sports-teams-wear-blue/.
110. ↑ "Graphical Standards and Logo Toolkit – 29/11/2022". https://www.unesco.org/sites/default/files/medias/fichiers/2023/10/outside_toolkit_20221129_eng.pdf.
111. ↑ "UN Brand Identity". https://www.un.org/styleguide/pdf/UN_brand_identity_quick_guide_2020.pdf.
112. ↑ "ST/SGB/2020/4". United Nations. https://undocs.org/pdf?symbol=en/ST/SGB/2020/4.
113. ↑ "UN Emblem and Flag". United Nations. http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/maplib/flag.html.
114. ↑ 114.0 114.1 Pantone TPX[lower-alpha 3]
115. ↑ "Websites | Yale Identity". https://yaleidentity.yale.edu/guidelines/websites.
116. ↑ "About - Indiana State University". http://www.indstate.edu/about/history_trad.htm.
117. ↑ "Ole Miss Traditions: Red & Blue". University of Mississippi. October 1, 2002. http://www.olemisssports.com/trads/ole-miss-trads.html.
118. ↑ "SMU SPIRIT AND TRADITIONS". Southern Methodist University. http://smu.edu/spirit/.
119. ↑ "Public Affairs and Media Relations Office - corporate identity - DCU identity - DCU". https://www.dcu.ie/marketing/logo/colours.shtml.
120. ↑ "The origin of Duke Blue". Duke University Libraries. http://library.duke.edu/uarchives/faqs/duke_blue.html.

### Notes

1. ↑ Type the word "Blue" into the indicated window on the Pantone Color Finder and the color will appear. There are seven versions, all with the same color codes—C, EC, HC, M, PC, U, and UP.
2. ↑ Type the words "Silver Lake Blue" into the indicated window on the Pantone Color Finder and the color will appear.
3. ↑ Type the words "Vista Blue" into the indicated window on the Pantone Color Finder and the color will appear.

* v
* t
* e

Shades of blue

| Air Force blue| Air superiority blue| Alice blue| Azure| Azure white| Baby blue| Bice blue| Bleu de France| Blue| Blue-gray

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Bondi blue| Brandeis blue| Byzantine blue| Cambridge Blue| Capri| Carolina blue| Celeste| Cerulean| Cobalt blue| Columbia Blue
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Cornflower blue| Cyan| Dark blue| Denim| Dodger blue| Duke blue| Egyptian blue| Electric blue| Federal blue| Glaucous
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Electric indigo| Ice blue| Indigo| Indigo dye| International Klein Blue| Iris| Light blue| Majorelle Blue| Marian blue| Maya blue
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Medium blue| Medium slate blue| Midnight blue| Navy blue| Neon blue| Non-photo blue| Oxford Blue| Pacific blue| Palatinate blue| Penn Blue
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Periwinkle| Persian blue| Phthalo blue| Powder blue| Prussian blue| Robin egg blue| Royal blue| Sapphire| Savoy blue| Sky blue
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Slate blue| Steel blue| Teal blue| Teal| Tiffany Blue| True Blue| Tufts Blue| Turquoise| UCLA Blue| Ultramarine
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Related topics:

* Ao (color)
* St. Patrick's blue
* Template:Shades of cyan

Template:Shades of light blue

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Shades of cyan

| Alice blue| Aqua| Aquamarine| Azure white| Blue-green| Capri| Cambridge Blue| Caribbean current| Celeste| Cerulean

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Cyan| Dark cyan| Electric blue| Fluorescent blue| Ice blue| Jungle green| Light cyan| Light sea green| Magic mint| Medium turquoise
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Mint| Pacific blue| Persian green| Pine green| Powder blue| Robin egg blue| Sea green| Skobeloff| Sky blue| Spring green
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Tiffany Blue| Teal| Turquoise| Turquoise blue| Verdigris| Vivid sky blue
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A typical sample is shown for each name; a range of color-variations is commonly associated with each color-name.

Template:Shades of lavender

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Shades of violet

| African violet| Amethyst| Blue-violet| Byzantium| Caput mortuum| Chinese violet| Dark purple| Dark violet| Electric indigo| Electric purple

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Electric violet| English violet| Eminence| Fairy Tale| Fandango| French mauve| French violet| Grape| Heliotrope| Indigo
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Iris| Japanese violet| Lavender blush| Lavender (floral)| Lavender (web)| Lilac| Mardi Gras| Mauve| Medium slate blue| Mountbatten pink
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Mulberry| Orchid| Palatinate| Pale purple| Periwinkle| Phlox| Pink lavender| Plum (web)| Pomp and Power| Puce
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Purple| Purpureus| Royal purple| Red-violet| Russian violet| Slate blue| Steel pink| Thistle| Tropical indigo| Tyrian purple
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Ultra Violet| Veronica| Violet| Wisteria
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A typical sample is shown for each name; a range of color-variations is commonly associated with each color-name.

Template:Shades of indigo

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Color topics

* Red
* Orange
* Yellow
* Green
* Cyan
* Blue
* Indigo
* Violet
* Purple
* Magenta
* Pink
* Brown
* White
* Gray
* Black

Color science|

| Color physics|

* Electromagnetic spectrum
* Light
* Rainbow
* Visible
* Spectral colors
* Chromophore
* Structural coloration
* Animal coloration
* On Vision and Colors
* Metamerism
* Spectral power distribution

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Color perception|

* Color vision
* Color blindness
* Achromatopsia
* test
* Tetrachromacy
* Color constancy
* Color term
* Color depth
* Color photography
* Spot color
* Color printing
* Web colors
* Color mapping
* Color code
* Color management
* Chrominance
* False color
* Chroma key
* Color balance
* Color cast
* Color temperature
* Eigengrau
* The dress

Color psychology|

* Color symbolism
* Color preferences
* Lüscher color test
* Kruithof curve
* Political color
* National colors
* Chromophobia
* Chromotherapy

Color
philosophy|

| Color space|

* Color model
* additive
* subtractive
* Color mixing
* Primary color
* Secondary color
* Tertiary color (intermediate)
* Quaternary color
* Quinary color
* Aggressive color (warm)
* Receding color (cool)
* Pastel colors
* Color gradient

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Color scheme|

* Color tool
* Monochromatic colors
* Complementary colors
* Analogous colors
* Achromatic colors (Neutral)
* Polychromatic colors
* Impossible colors
* Light-on-dark
* Tinctures in heraldry

Color theory|

* Chromaticity diagram
* Color solid
* Color wheel
* Color triangle
* Color analysis (art)
* Color realism (art style)

Color terms|

| Basic terms|

* Blue
* Green
* Red
* Yellow
* Pink
* Purple
* Orange
* Black
* Gray
* White
* Brown

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Cultural differences|

* Linguistic relativity and the color naming debate
* Blue–green distinction in language
* Color history
* Color in Chinese culture
* Traditional colors of Japan
* Human skin color

Color dimensions|

* Hue
* Dichromatism
* Colorfulness (chroma and saturation)
* Tints and shades
* Lightness (tone and value)
* Grayscale

Color
organizations|

* Pantone
* Color Marketing Group
* The Color Association of the United States
* International Colour Authority
* International Commission on Illumination (CIE)
* International Color Consortium
* International Colour Association

Lists|

* A–F
* G–M
* N–Z
* List of colors (compact)
* List of colors by shade
* List of color palettes
* List of color spaces
* List of Crayola crayon colors
* history
* Color chart
* List of fictional colors
* List of RAL colors
* List of web colors

Related|

* Vision
* Image processing
* Multi-primary color display
* Quattron
* Qualia
* Lighting
* Local color (visual art)

* Category
* Index of color-related articles

* v
* t
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Color classifications

* Color
* Index

Color systems,
standards and palettes|

* ANPA
* Color charts
* Color palettes (computer graphics)
* Colour Index International (CI list of dyes)
* Crayola
* Crayons
* DIC
* Federal Standard 595
* HKS
* ISCC–NBS
* Munsell
* NCS
* Ostwald
* Pantone
* RAL
* list
* Web colors
* X11

Color names (alphabetic)|

* A–F
* G–M
* N–Z
* List of colors (compact)

Variations of base colors|

| Shades of white
| Shades of gray
| Shades of black

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Shades of red
| Shades of green
| Shades of blue

Shades of cyan
| Shades of magenta
| Shades of yellow

Shades of pink
| Shades of violet
| Shades of purple

Shades of orange
| Shades of brown

* Category

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