Epic Systems

Epic Systems Corporation

Epic Systems campus in Verona

Type| Private
Industry| Information technology
Health informatics
Founded| Madison, Wisconsin, U.S. (1979; 47 years ago (1979))[1]
Founder| Judith Faulkner
Headquarters|

Verona, Wisconsin, U.S.

Key people

| Judith Faulkner, founder & CEO
Sumit Rana, president
Revenue| $4.6 billion (2022)[2]

Number of employees

| 13,000 (2023)[3]
Website| www.epic.com

Epic Systems Corporation is an American privately held healthcare software company based in Verona, Wisconsin. Founded in 1979, it develops large-scale software systems for electronic health records. It is the largest electronic health records vendor by market share.[4] According to the company, more than 305 million patients have an electronic record in Epic.[5]

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Products and market
* 3 Criticisms and controversies
* 3.1 Profit maximization and provider fatigue
* 3.2 Data sharing practices
* 3.3 Monopoly and anti-competitive practices
* 3.4 Implementation difficulties
* 3.4.1 UK experience
* 3.4.2 Danish experience
* 3.4.3 Finnish experience
* 3.4.4 Swiss experience
* 3.4.5 Norwegian experience
* 3.5 COVID-19 response
* 4 See also
* 5 References
* 6 External links

## History

Epic was founded in 1979 by Judith Faulkner[6] with a $70,000 investment[7] (equivalent to $300,000 in 2024). While getting her Master's degree, Faulkner took a course on computing in medicine under Dr. Warner Slack. She was tasked with developing a system to keep track of patient information. [8]In 1979, shortly after receiving her master's degree, Faulkner co-founded Human Services Computing, with Dr. John Greist. Originally headquartered in Madison, Wisconsin, Epic moved its headquarters to a large campus in the suburb of Verona, Wisconsin in 2005,[9] where it employs 13,000 people as of 2023.[10] The campus has themed areas/buildings, such as a castle-like structure, a shipwreck-themed building, a "Wizard Campus" that appears to be inspired by J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter, and a dining facility designed to mimic London King's Cross railway station.[11]

As of 2024, the company was in the sixth phase of campus expansion with six new buildings each planned to contain as many as 400 offices.[12] The company also has offices in Bristol, UK; 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands; Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Helsinki, Finland; Melbourne, Australia; Singapore; Trondheim, Norway; and Søborg, Denmark.[13]

From the late 2010s Epic expanded into the European market, selling their systems to countries with universal healthcare including the United Kingdom, Denmark, Finland and Norway. There has been significant controversy around the implementations of these systems.[14][15]

## Products and market

Epic primarily develops, manufactures, licenses, supports, and sells a proprietary electronic medical record software application, known in whole as 'Epic' or as Epic EMR. The company's healthcare software is centered on its Chronicles database management system. Epic's applications support functions related to healthcare, medical personnel, and insurance. Epic also develops MyChart, used by patients to access doctors' records, schedule appointments, review and re-fill medications, message their care team, and for billing purposes. It is used by 150 million patients across the US.[16]

Epic has several data resources and analytic tools. Cogito is the analytic environment consisting of the Epic data warehouse and analytic capabilities. The different levels of the database architecture are Chronicles, Clarity and Caboodle.[17] Chronicles is Epic's real-time database; the data the user enters is immediately available in Chronicles.[18] Clarity is a relational database and Caboodle is an enterprise data warehouse platform.[19] These databases can be queried using a variety of tools within Cogito such as Reporting Workbench[20] and SlicerDicer.[21] In addition, Epic Systems hosts the Cosmos data warehouse, which contains de-identified data from multiple organizations, with a total of 296[22] million patients.[23]

The majority of U.S. News & World Report's top-ranked hospitals and medical schools use Epic.[24] Among many others, Epic provides electronic record systems for Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, the Cleveland Clinic, Johns Hopkins Hospital,[25] UC Davis Medical Center in Sacramento, Kaiser Permanente,[25] and all Mayo Clinic campuses.[26] Mass General Brigham began adopting Epic in 2015 in a project initially reported to cost $1.2 billion, which critics decried and which is greater than the cost of its buildings.[27] By 2018, the total expenses for the project were $1.6 billion, with payments for the software itself amounting to less than $100 million and the majority of the costs caused by lost patient revenues, tech support and other implementation work.[28] In 2022, Emory Healthcare, Baptist Health and Memorial Hermann Health System switched to Epic from Cerner.[29]

Epic also offers cloud hosting for customers that do not wish to maintain their own servers;[30] and short-term optimization and implementation consultants through their wholly owned subsidiary Boost, Inc. The company's competitors include Cerner, MEDITECH, Allscripts, athenahealth, and units of IBM, McKesson, and Siemens.[25][31]

## Criticisms and controversies

The company has been heavily criticised for its implementation of national health record systems in the UK,[32][33] Denmark,[14][34] Finland[14][35] and Norway.[36][37] A Norwegian government report found that the system puts patient lives at risk and that it is more expensive than foreseen.[38]

### Profit maximization and provider fatigue

Critics have suggested that Epic's market dominance has been driven by its software's ability to maximize profits for hospitals by facilitating upcoding, a form of healthcare fraud.[39] The Department of Health and Human Services found that from 2014 to 2019, the number of inpatient stays billed at the highest severity level increased almost 20%, while stays billed at lower severity levels decreased.[40]

Additionally, this effort to maximize profits allegedly led providers using Epic to spend two hours entering data for every hour they spend with patients, including significant time outside of working hours. Based on interviews with providers, much of this data is clinically irrelevant.[39] Critics have also suggested that while Epic provides time-saving tools, these are attempts to solve problems also exacerbated by Epic.[39] Providers allegedly are faced with time-consuming training, alert fatigue, and mistakes stemming from copying and pasting from previous notes, ultimately leading to burnout and early retirements while using Epic products.[39]

David Blumenthal, the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology from 2009 to 2011, said "The customers [of EHRs] were the chief information officers and the chief executives of hospitals, not doctors. Their principal goal was to protect revenues. Systems like Epic were not designed to improve quality because there was no financial incentive to do so at the time."[39]

### Data sharing practices

Care Everywhere is Epic's health information exchange software, which comes with its electronic health record (EHR, or EMR) system.[41] A 2014 article in The New York Times interviews two doctors who said that their Epic systems would not allow them to share data with users of competitors' software in a way that will satisfy the Meaningful Use requirements of the HITECH Act. At first, Epic charged a fee to send data to some non-Epic systems.[42] Epic said the yearly cost for an average-sized hospital was around $5,000 a year.[41] However, after Congressional hearings, Epic and other major software vendors announced that they would suspend per-transaction sharing fees.[43] Epic customers must still pay for one-time costs of linking Epic to each individual non-Epic system with which they wish to exchange data; in contrast, Epic's competitors have formed the CommonWell Health Alliance which set a common Interoperability Software standard for electronic health records.[43] A 2014 report by the RAND Corporation noted the software was difficult and costly to use in conjunction with other billing systems.[44] The report also cited other research showing that Epic's implementation in the Kaiser Permanente system led to efficiency losses.

In September 2017, Epic announced Share Everywhere, which allows patients to authorize any provider who has internet access to view their record in Epic and to send progress notes back.[45] Share Everywhere was named Healthcare Dive's "Health IT Development of the Year" in 2017.[46]

### Monopoly and anti-competitive practices

In September 2024, Particle Health, a healthcare startup, filed an 81-page suit accusing Epic of acting as a monopoly and engaging in antitrust violations stemming from Epic's position in sharing health data with third parties.[47][48] Prior to this lawsuit, critics had questioned whether Epic operates as a monopoly.[39][49][50] Epic filed a motion to dismiss the lawsuit against the company on December 20, 2024. The filing asserted that Particle Health "invented claims" and participated in conjecture.[51] In response, Particle supplied a 46-page document outlining their claims in further detail in January 2025. Previously, Epic restricted certain Particle customers from accessing health records in March 2024, allegedly without stating a reason. The 2025 document alleged that Epic used this approach to pressure Particle customers to discontinue their partnerships with Particle and move business solely to Epic.[52] In September 2025, a federal judge allowed the lawsuit to move forward.[53]

A second suit was filed against Epic Systems in May 2025 by another healthcare software company, CureIS Healthcare. Similar to the allegations made by Particle Health, CureIS Healthcare submitted a civil complaint stating that Epic engaged in a "multi-prong scheme to destroy" competition.[54] The complaint alleged that Epic did so by implementing a policy that asserted all medical facilities that use Epic's electronic health records software must also use the company's other in-house software, if available, instead of another company's. Also similar to Particle Health, CureIS explained in the complaint that Epic allegedly also "coerced" to end partnerships with CureIS, and that Epic engaged in "trade secret misappropriation" and "false advertising" against the smaller company. [54][55]

### Implementation difficulties

#### UK experience

An Epic electronic health record system costing £200 million was installed at Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust in October 2014, the first installation of an Epic system in the UK.[56][57]

After 2.1 million records were transferred to Epic systems, it developed serious problems and the system became unstable.[58] Ambulances were diverted to other hospitals for five hours and hospital consultants noted issues with blood transfusion and pathology services.[59] Other problems included delays to emergency care and appointments, and problems with discharge letters, clinical letters and pathology test results.[57] Chief information officer, Afzal Chaudhry, said "well over 90% of implementation proceeded successfully".[56]

In July 2015, the BBC reported that the hospital's finances were being investigated.[60] In September 2015, both the CEO and CFO of the hospital resigned.[61] Problems with the clinical-records system, which were said to have compromised the "ability to report, highlight and take action on data" and to prescribe medication properly, were held to be contributory factors in the organization's sudden failure.[62] In February 2016, digitalhealth.net reported that Clare Marx, president of the Royal College of Surgeons of England and member of the NHS National Information Board, found that at the time of implementation, "staff, patients and management rapidly and catastrophically lost confidence in the system. That took months and a huge amount of effort to rebuild."[63]

#### Danish experience

In 2016, Danish health authorities spent 2.8 billion DKK on the implementation of Epic in 18 hospitals in a region with 2.8 million residents.[64][34] On May 20, Epic went live in the first hospital. Doctors and nurses reported chaos in the hospital and complained of a lack of preparation and training.[34]

Since some elements of the Epic system were not properly translated from English to Danish, physicians resorted to Google Translate. As one example, when inputting information about a patient's condition, physicians were given the option to report between the left and the "correct" leg, not the left and right legs. As of 2019, Epic had still not been fully integrated with Denmark's national medical record system. Danish anesthesiologist and computer architect Gert Galster worked to adapt the system. According to Galster, these Epic systems were designed specifically to fit the U.S. health care system, and could not be disentangled for use in Denmark.[34]

An audit of the implementation that voiced concerns was published in June 2018.[65] At the end of 2018, 62% of physicians expressed they were not satisfied with the system and 71 physicians signed a petition calling for its removal.[34][66]

#### Finnish experience

In 2012, the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa (HUS) decided to replace several smaller health record systems with one district-wide system created by Epic. It was called Apotti and would be used by healthcare and social services for the 2.2 million residents in the HUS area. The Apotti system was selected as the provider in 2015 and implementation started in 2018. By November 2022, the Apotti system had cost 625 million euros.[67]

After the implementation, complaints from healthcare workers, especially from doctors, started accumulating. The system was accused of being too complicated and that its convoluted user interface was endangering patient safety. For example, one patient was administered the wrong chemotherapeutic drug due to an unclear selection menu in the system.[68]

In July 2022, a formal complaint demanding that the issues in the system be fixed or the system be removed entirely was sent to the Finnish health care supervising body Valvira. The complaint was signed by 619 doctors, the majority of whom were employees of the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa (HUS) and users of Apotti.[69]

#### Swiss experience

Luzerner Kantonsspital (today LUKS Gruppe) was the first hospital in Switzerland to introduce Epic in September 2019.[70] One year later, the Covid-19 pandemic played a role is delaying the full implementation of EPIC software, but LUKS CIO, Stefan Hunziker, expressed optimism about pandemic-related usefullness.[70] In March 2024 Inselspital (Insel Gruppe) in Berne followed.[71] While the platform has largely been well-received, some debate remains over digital identities.[72]

#### Norwegian experience

Central Norway started introducing Epic (branded "Helseplattformen") in November 2022. After approximately two months, the public broadcaster NRK reported that around 25% of the doctors at the region's main hospital considered quitting their job, and that 40% were experiencing stress related health issues due to the new IT system.[73] Previously, health personnel actively demonstrated against the software by marching through the city of Trondheim.[74] Due to the chaos ensuing the introduction, including 16.000 letters not being sent to patients, the Norwegian CEO of the Helseplattformen IT project, Torbjørg Vanvik, had her employment ended by the board.[75] Unexpected cost increases forced the authorities to decrease efforts in other areas, such as a planned initiative on mental health.[76] Employee representatives state that the public will receive "significantly worse services".[77] A year after implementation over 90% of doctors in the affected hospitals considered the Epic system a threat to patient health,[78] and hospital staff organised large protests at seven hospitals that had or were planning on implementing Epic systems.[78]

As of 2025, critics argue the system contributes to staff cuts, is risking patient safety, and is "world-renowned for not working" [79]

### COVID-19 response

In 2020, the novel coronavirus pandemic spread in the United States. Epic Systems faced considerable criticism for their initial plan to have their 10,000 employees return to work on-campus.[80] Employees expressed concern about returning to the office, with the first group being required to return as early as August 10 while the pandemic continued to spread.[81] This plan was abandoned temporarily, and as of December 2020, employees were still able to work from home.[82] The plan had come about despite a Dane County public health order requiring remote work "to the greatest extent possible."[83] Criticism revolved in particular around the fact that employees were being ordered back to preserve the company "culture," despite CEO Judy Faulkner's admission that work was getting done remotely.[84] According to The Capital Times, who interviewed 26 Epic employees about the plan, "13 [employees] said they have knowledge of managers being demoted for expressing concern about the company's plans to bring its nearly 10,000 workers back" to on-campus work, and all requested anonymity for fear of employer retribution.[85]

In a survey of over 400 Epic employees in 2020, 89% of respondents expressed dissatisfaction with how Epic was handling the pandemic.[86]

As of January 2022, Epic employees were required to work in the office almost daily and are given 10 "half-and-half days" (5 days, recorded in increments of 0.5) for remote work annually.[87]

## See also

* Epic Systems Corp. v. Lewis

## References

1. ↑ Eisen, Mark (June 20, 2008). "Epic Systems: Epic Tale". Isthmus. http://www.thedailypage.com/isthmus/article.php?article=22980.
2. ↑ "#207 Judy Faulkner". Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/profile/judy-faulkner/#7acb4f733b81.
3. ↑ Mackenzie Davis (March 8, 2023). "Epic Systems to bring 1,700 more jobs to Verona campus". https://www.nbc15.com/2023/03/09/epic-systems-bring-1700-more-jobs-verona-campus/.
4. ↑ https://www.cnbc.com/amp/2025/04/30/epic-systems-expands-ehr-market-share-lead-over-oracle-health.html
5. ↑ Bruce, Giles (July 18, 2024). "Epic's dominance in 12 numbers" (in English). Becker's Hospital Review. https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/healthcare-information-technology/ehrs/epics-dominance-in-12-numbers/.
6. ↑ Eisen, Marc (June 20, 2008). "Epic Systems Corporation: An Epic timeline". Isthmus. http://www.thedailypage.com/isthmus/article.php?article=22984.
7. ↑ Boulton, Guy (January 24, 2016). "Epic Systems soars with transition to electronic health records". Verona. http://archive.jsonline.com/business/epic-systems-soars-with-transition-to-electronic-health-records-b99642837z1-366328781.html.
8. ↑ https://www.cnbc.com/amp/2025/08/16/how-epics-82-year-old-ceo-judy-faulkner-built-her-software-factory.html
9. ↑ Boulton, Guy (August 24, 2008). "Epic Systems' $300 million expansion tangible sign of success". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. http://www.jsonline.com/news/wisconsin/32597729.html.
10. ↑ Thomas, Arthur (October 3, 2019). "Epic Systems gearing up for yet another expansion in Verona". Milwaukee Biz Times. https://biztimes.com/epic-systems-gearing-up-for-yet-another-expansion-in-verona/.
11. ↑ "A Corporate Campus Straight Out of a Fantasy Novel". http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/epiccampus.
12. ↑ Yahr, Natalie (2024-04-25). "Epic Systems is starting sixth campus, and it's from 'Other Worlds'" (in en). https://captimes.com/news/business/epic-systems-is-starting-sixth-campus-and-its-from-other-worlds/article_47ce1d50-00ea-11ef-b27b-a323528326f6.html.
13. ↑ "Epic - Contact". https://www.epic.com/contact.
14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Hertzum, Morten; Ellingsen, Gunnar; Cajander, Åsa (2022). "Implementing Large-Scale Electronic Health Records: Experiences from implementations of Epic in Denmark and Finland" (in en). International Journal of Medical Informatics 167. doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2022.104868. PMID 36194994. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1386505622001824.
15. ↑ Hertzum, Morten; Ellingsen, Gunnar (September 2019). "The implementation of an electronic health record: Comparing preparations for Epic in Norway with experiences from the UK and Denmark" (in en). International Journal of Medical Informatics 129: 312–317. doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.06.026. PMID 31445272. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1386505619303089.
16. ↑ Pathe, Tyler (6 October 2022). "Paymentus Enhances Healthcare Billing and Payments Integration With Epic MyChart". Fintech Times. https://thefintechtimes.com/paymentus-enhances-healthcare-billing-and-payments-integration-with-epic-mychart/.
17. ↑ "eHealth Glossary - Cogito" (in en-US). https://ehealth.connect-care.ca/epic-systems/epic-analytic-tools/cogito.
18. ↑ "eHealth Glossary - Chronicles" (in en-US). https://ehealth.connect-care.ca/epic-systems/epic-analytic-tools/chronicles.
19. ↑ "Epic Data Resources | Vanderbilt Clinical Informatics Center". https://www.vumc.org/vclic/epic-data-resources.
20. ↑ "Tools: Epic- Reporting Workbench". https://health.ucdavis.edu/data/epic-reporting-workbench.html.
21. ↑ "SlicerDicer" (in en). 2023-01-16. https://it.uclahealth.org/about/ohia/products/slicerdicer.
22. ↑ "Epic Cosmos". https://cosmos.epic.com/. Retrieved 2025-04-13.
23. ↑ "Practical Guide to Clinical Big Data Sources". JAMA Surg 160 (3): 344–346. March 2025. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2024.6006. PMID 39775674.
24. ↑ Spitzer, Julie (August 16, 2018). "All of US News' top 20 hospitals use Epic". https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/ehrs/all-of-us-news-top-20-hospitals-use-epic.html.
25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Freudenheim, Milt (January 14, 2012). "Digitizing Health Records, Before It Was Cool". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/15/business/epic-systems-digitizing-health-records-before-it-was-cool.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1&smid=fb-share.
26. ↑ Madson, Rhoda (October 8, 2018). "Mayo Clinic completes installation of Epic electronic health record" (in en-US). https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/mayo-clinic-completes-installation-of-epic-electronic-health-record/.
27. ↑ Dayal McCluskey, Priyanka (May 16, 2016). "Partners HealthCare's new computer system challenges some doctors, nurses - The Boston Globe". https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2016/05/16/partners-healthcare-new-computer-challenges-some-doctors-nurses/1I4QsWGjCJ97xFmUbcDbaJ/story.html.
28. ↑ Gawande, Atul (5 November 2018). "Why Doctors Hate Their Computers" (in en-US). The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/11/12/why-doctors-hate-their-computers. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
29. ↑ "Why big health systems are moving to Epic". Becker's Health IT. 17 October 2022. https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/ehrs/why-big-health-systems-are-moving-to-epic.html.
30. ↑ Pifer, Rebecca (14 November 2022). "Google, Epic partnering to allow Epic hospital clients to run EHRs on Google Cloud". Healthcare Dive. https://www.healthcaredive.com/news/google-epic-cloud-partnership-host-ehr-hackensack/636400/.
31. ↑ O'Brien, Jack. "Veritas Capital Closes Athenahealth Acquisition" (in en). https://www.healthleadersmedia.com/finance/veritas-capital-closes-athenahealth-acquisition.
32. ↑ Talora, Joe (2024-12-06). "'Don't buy Epic' unless it integrates with NHS App, says government adviser". https://www.hsj.co.uk/technology-and-innovation/dont-buy-epic-unless-it-integrates-with-nhs-app-says-government-adviser/7038294.article.
33. ↑ Sollof, Jordan (2025-02-11). "Guy's and St Thomas' has 'reporting issues' with £450m Epic EPR" (in en-GB). https://www.digitalhealth.net/2025/02/guys-and-st-thomas-has-reporting-issues-with-450m-epic-epr/.
34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 34.4 Allen, Arthur (9 June 2019). "Lost in translation: Epic goes to Denmark" (in en). POLITICO. https://www.politico.com/story/2019/06/06/epic-denmark-health-1510223.
35. ↑ "Doctors file complaint with health watchdog over Apotti data system" (in en). 2022-09-05. https://yle.fi/a/3-12609291.
36. ↑ Espeland, Webjørn (2025-06-23). "Helseplattforma: – Dei innførte eit system som var verdskjent for å ikkje fungere" (in nn-NO). https://www.nrk.no/mr/xl/helseplattforma-ga-lite-motstand_-men-sjukehus-i-molde-og-kristiansund-ga-fakkeltog-og-bunadsgerilja-1.16708465.
37. ↑ Reite, Terje (2023-11-27). "Helseplattforma: – Fullt mogleg å heve kontrakten med Epic systems om vilkåra er til stades" (in nn-NO). https://www.nrk.no/mr/helseplattforma_-_-fullt-mogleg-a-heve-kontrakten-med-epic-systems-om-vilkara-er-til-stades-1.16644695.
38. ↑ NTB (2024-10-24). "Helseplattformen: Sterkt kritikkverdig og farlig for pasientene, ifølge Riksrevisjonen" (in no). https://www.digi.no/artikler/helseplattformen-sterkt-kritikkverdig-og-farlig-for-pasientene-ifolge-riksrevisjonen/552096.
39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 39.4 39.5 Kuttner, Robert (October 2024). "An Epic Dystopia". The American Prospect. https://prospect.org/health/2024-10-01-epic-dystopia/.
40. ↑ "Trend Toward More Expensive Inpatient Hospital Stays in Medicare Emerged Before COVID-19 and Warrants Further Scrutiny". https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/OEI-02-18-00380.pdf.
41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 Sullivan, Mark (December 8, 2014). "Saying Epic is a Closed System is an Oversimplification". Venture Beat. https://venturebeat.com/2014/12/08/saying-epic-is-a-closed-health-records-system-is-an-oversimplification/.
42. ↑ Creswell, Julie (September 30, 2014). "Doctors Find Barriers to Sharing Digital Medical Records". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/01/business/digital-medical-records-become-common-but-sharing-remains-challenging.html?_r=0.
43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 Caldwell, Patrick (October 2015). "EPIC FAIL. Digitizing America's medical records was supposed to help patients and save money. Why hasn't that happened?". Mother Jones. https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2015/10/epic-systems-judith-faulkner-hitech-ehr-interoperability.
44. ↑ Kobb, Enesha; Sauser, Kori (2014). Electronic Health Records. RAND. http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR300/RR308/RAND_RR308.casestudies.pdf. Retrieved March 7, 2016.
45. ↑ Boulton, Guy (November 10, 2017). "Epic Systems lets patients share medical records with doctors around the world". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. http://www.jsonline.com/story/money/business/health-care/2017/11/10/epic-systems-share-everywhere-medical-records-doctors/805805001/.
46. ↑ Muchmore, Shannon (December 4, 2017). "Health IT Development of the Year: Epic's Share Everywhere". https://www.healthcaredive.com/news/health-it-development-of-the-year-epics-share-everywhere/511124/.
47. ↑ Scarcella, Mike (23 September 2024). "Healthcare software giant Epic hit with lawsuit over US patient records". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/healthcare-software-giant-epic-hit-with-lawsuit-over-us-patient-records-2024-09-23/.
48. ↑ Landi, Heather (2025-01-28). "Epic, Particle Health continue to spar over antitrust case" (in en). https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/health-tech/epic-hits-back-particle-health-counter-argument-it-pushes-get-antitrust-case-dismissed.
49. ↑ Jennings, Katie (27 September 2024). "Healthcare Software Company Epic Faces First Antitrust Suit For Alleged Monopoly Activity". Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/katiejennings/2024/09/27/healthcare-software-company-epic-faces-first-antitrust-suit-for-alleged-monopoly-activity/.
50. ↑ Bruce, Giles (2024-09-06). "Is Epic getting too big?" (in en-US). https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/healthcare-information-technology/ehrs/is-epic-getting-too-big/.
51. ↑ "Epic files to dismiss antitrust lawsuit | Healthcare IT News" (in en). 2024-12-20. http://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/epic-files-dismiss-antitrust-lawsuit.
52. ↑ Landi, Heather (2025-01-28). "Epic, Particle Health continue to spar over antitrust case" (in en). https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/health-tech/epic-hits-back-particle-health-counter-argument-it-pushes-get-antitrust-case-dismissed.
53. ↑ https://www.wpr.org/news/federal-antitrust-lawsuit-against-epic-systems-move-forward
54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 Schulz, Joe (2025-05-23). "Lawsuit: Epic Systems ran a 'multi-prong scheme to destroy' health IT competitor" (in en-US). https://www.wpr.org/news/lawsuit-epic-systems-multi-prong-scheme-destroy-health-competitor-cureis.
55. ↑ Landi, Heather (2025-05-17). "CureIS Healthcare sues Epic alleging anti-competitive practices" (in en). https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/health-tech/epic-hit-lawsuit-cureis-healthcare-alleged-scheme-destroy-its-business.
56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 "Addenbrooke's Hospital paperless system's 'significant problems' reported". BBC News. November 24, 2014. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-30178011.
57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 "'Major incident' declared for flagship IT project". Health Service Journal. November 25, 2014. http://www.hsj.co.uk/hsj-local/acute-trusts/cambridge-university-hospitals-nhs-foundation-trust/major-incident-declared-for-flagship-it-project/5077079.article#.VJl7FF4gA.
58. ↑ "The NHS's chaotic IT systems show no sign of recovery". The Guardian. December 21, 2014. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/dec/21/nhs-it-system-failings-addenbrookes-john-naughton.
59. ↑ Leng, Freya (December 11, 2014). "Addenbrooke's consultants reveal eHospital concerns in letter to management". Cambridge News. http://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/Addenbrooke-8217-s-consultants-reveal-eHospital/story-25546229-detail/story.html.
60. ↑ "Addenbrooke's Hospital's e-hospital finances investigated". BBC News. July 31, 2015. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-33735417.
61. ↑ "Addenbrooke's Hospital chief executive Keith McNeil resigns". BBC News. September 14, 2015. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-34249646.
62. ↑ "Addenbrooke's and Rosie hospitals' patients 'put at risk'". BBC News. September 22, 2015. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-34317265.
63. ↑ McBeth, Rebecca (February 25, 2016). "EPR implementation led to 'catastrophic loss of confidence'". Digital Health Intelligence Limited. https://www.digitalhealth.net/2016/02/epr-implementation-led-to-catastrophic-loss-of-confidence/'.
64. ↑ "Har brukt 2,8 milliarder på ny plattform: – Ikke mulig å tro at profesjonelle aktører er i stand til å lage et så elendig produkt" (in no). Digi.no. https://www.digi.no/artikler/har-brukt-2-8-milliarder-pa-ny-plattform-ikke-mulig-a-tro-at-profesjonelle-aktorer-er-i-stand-til-a-lage-et-sa-elendig-produkt/440508.
65. ↑ "Report on Sundhedsplatformen". https://www.eurosai.org/en/databases/audits/Report-on-Sundhedsplatformen/.
66. ↑ Christensen, Mikkel Fyhn; Sturlason, Astrid Sofie (January 23, 2019). "Blå blok vil droppe Sundhedsplatformen: "Har gjort det værre for sundhedspersonale og patienter i stedet for at gøre det bedre"". https://www.berlingske.dk/content/item/1338165.
67. ↑ "Kuukausiliite | Näin Apotista tuli hengenvaarallinen epäonnistuminen" (in fi). 2022-11-05. https://www.hs.fi/kuukausiliite/art-2000009144930.html.
68. ↑ "Potilas joutui hengenvaaraan väärän syöpälääkkeen takia – lääkärit kertovat Ylelle, miten Apotin erilaisia ongelmia on peitelty" (in fi). 2022-08-06. https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-12558404.
69. ↑ "Yli 600 lääkäriä vaatii Apotti-järjestelmästä luopumista tai ongelmien korjaamista – poikkeuksellinen kantelu saapui Valviraan" (in fi). 2022-09-05. https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-12608890.
70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 HIMSS Media. (2019, September 18). Lucerne Cantonal Hospital is the digital pioneer of radiology in Switzerland. Healthcare IT News. https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/emea/lucerne-cantonal-hospital-digital-pioneer-radiology-switzerland#:~:text=The Lucerne Cantonal Hospital (LUKS,and one for referring physicians.
71. ↑ Epic on Nutanix: Insel Gruppe AG completes full technology change with Nutanix. (2023, July 25). Nutanix.com. https://www.nutanix.com/company/customers/insel-gruppe-ag#
72. ↑ Koch, M.-C. (2025, April 13). Future health day: From paths to the cloud, data and ai. heise online. https://www.heise.de/en/news/Future-Health-Day-From-paths-to-the-cloud-data-and-AI-10350199.html
73. ↑ Lindsetmo, Ørnhaug & Opsal (2022-03-22). "70 leger er på jobbjakt: – Har en følelse av at ting ikke blir bedre". NRK. https://www.nrk.no/trondelag/70-leger-soker-aktivt-ny-jobb-ved-st.-olavs-hospital-etter-innforingen-av-helseplattformen-1.16348026.
74. ↑ "Demonstrerte mot Helseplattformen". NRK. 2022-10-17. https://www.nrk.no/trondelag/demonstrerte-mot-helseplattformen-1.16142412.
75. ↑ "Sjefen for Helseplattformen går av". NRK. 2023-03-09. https://www.nrk.no/trondelag/sjefen-for-helseplattformen-gar-av-1.16328152.
76. ↑ Hilde, Skjesol (2023-05-24). "Omstridt datasystem tapper landets fjerde største sykehus for penger - rammer satsing på psykisk helse". NRK. https://www.aftenposten.no/norge/i/WRdoa2/omstridt-datasystem-tapper-landets-fjerde-stoerste-sykehus-for-penger-rammer-satsing-paa-psykisk-helse.
77. ↑ Skjesol, Hilde (2023-02-04). "Drastiske kutt på landets fjerde største sykehus: – Vi kan ikke fortsette slik". Aftenposten. https://www.aftenposten.no/norge/i/on7qPW/drastiske-kutt-paa-landets-fjerde-stoerste-sykehus-vi-kan-ikke-fortsette-slik.
78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 Hatland, Lena Erikke (2023-09-27). "Ny undersøkelse om Helseplattformen – ni av ti leger mener pasientsikkerheten er truet" (in nb-NO). https://www.nrk.no/trondelag/ny-undersokelse-om-helseplattformen-_-ni-av-ti-leger-mener-pasientsikkerheten-er-truet-1.16573375.
79. ↑ Espeland, Webjørn (2025-06-23). "Betalar nær 15 mrd. for «eit system verdskjent for å ikkje fungere»". NRK. https://www.nrk.no/mr/xl/helseplattforma-ga-lite-motstand_-men-sjukehus-i-molde-og-kristiansund-ga-fakkeltog-og-bunadsgerilja-1.16708465.
80. ↑ "Wisconsin-based Epic Systems ordering its 9,000-plus workers back to the office, though some employees fear 'untold deaths'" (in en). Chicago Tribune. Associated Press. https://www.chicagotribune.com/coronavirus/ct-biz-coronavirus-epic-systems-wfh-office-20200804-kq3zs2iewjdjrdlzkmrcp3e7fi-story.html.
81. ↑ Mesch, Shelley. "Epic Systems employees decry CEO's decision to call workers back to the office" (in en). Wisconsin State Journal. https://madison.com/wsj/business/epic-systems-employees-decry-ceos-decision-to-call-workers-back-to-the-office/article_9992c40c-c6e9-5c3e-842d-1e3cf5625ce4.html.
82. ↑ Farr, Christina (2020-08-10). "Epic Systems walks back plans requiring thousands of employees to return to work this week". https://www.cnbc.com/2020/08/10/epic-systems-walks-back-plans-requiring-employees-to-return-to-work.html.
83. ↑ "ORDER OF PUBLIC HEALTH MADISON & DANE COUNTY" (in en). Public Health of Madison and Dane County. https://www.publichealthmdc.com/documents/2020-07-07_Order_8.pdf.
84. ↑ Drees, Jackie. "Epic employees raise concerns over mandate to return to campus in September" (in en). Beckers Hospital Review. https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/ehrs/epic-employees-raise-concerns-over-mandate-to-return-to-campus-in-september.html.
85. ↑ Times, Natalie Yahr, Katelyn Ferral | The Capital (August 5, 2020). "Epic employees say coronavirus concerns met with retaliation, demotions" (in en). https://madison.com/news/local/health-med-fit/epic-employees-say-coronavirus-concerns-met-with-retaliation-demotions/article_7a7ce63e-4e56-5b57-a7f4-8c4dba286094.html.
86. ↑ Yahr, Natalie. "Epic makes national news as employees criticize planned return to campus" (in en). The Capital Times. https://madison.com/ct/news/local/neighborhoods/epic-makes-national-news-as-employees-criticize-planned-return-to-campus/article_8806d56a-0edb-56dc-95d5-1e6342ec4b8e.html.
87. ↑ Diaz, Naomi (2023-08-04). "Epic sees in-person work as best way to serve physicians, nurses" (in en-gb). https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/ehrs/epic-sees-in-person-work-as-best-way-to-serve-physicians-nurses.html.

## External links

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* Epic, state's largest solar producer, to build own wind farm—Milwaukee Journal Sentinel article
* Epic Systems feeling heat over interoperability—Modern Healthcare article
* Epic Systems, Leading Defense EHR Bidder, Slammed for Lack of Interoperability—Nextgov article
* Patient records giant Epic Systems will take a big step into the cloud in 2015—VentureBeat article
* Cancer moonshot head recounts exchange with Epic's Faulkner—Politico article

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