Participatory organization

Short description: Organization based on public participation

A participatory organization is an organization which is built based on public participation rather than their contract obligations.[1][2]

## Contents

* 1 Types
* 2 Criticism
* 3 See also
* 4 References

## Types

Different types of participatory organizations are possible including production companies, membership organizations (such as trade unions), and co-operatives. They can be legally registered formal organizations or may object to state regulation and be considered an informal organization.[3]

Participatory organizations can have different levels of participation, ranging from complete economic transparency, to participatory management, and ultimately labor management.[4]

## Criticism

Participatory organizations are negatively affected by the free-rider problem, can be inefficient, and lack clear leadership and strategy.[5]

## See also

* Gift economy
* Human-based genetic algorithm
* Public participation
* Reciprocity
* Stigmergy
* Voluntary association

## References

1. ↑ B.Guy Peters (2014). The Politics of Bureaucracy; An Introduction to Comparative Public Administration. Taylor & Francis. p. 38. ISBN 9781136706172. https://books.google.com/books?id=gdyvAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA38.
2. ↑ Ryoko Tsuneyoshi (2013). Japanese Model of Schooling; Comparisons with the U.S.. Taylor & Francis. p. 186. ISBN 9781136600869. https://books.google.com/books?id=RPRlETAFpYQC&pg=PA186.
3. ↑ Deborah Eade; Suzanne Williams (1995). The Oxfam Handbook of Development and Relief. 2. Oxfam. pp. 509–512. ISBN 9780855983086. https://books.google.com/books?id=CZZbFxSMlLIC&pg=PA509.
4. ↑ Alexis P Jacquemin; Henry W de Jong (2016). European Industrial Organisation. Macmillan Education. pp. 190–192. ISBN 9781349861675. https://books.google.com/books?id=eFBdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA190.
5. ↑ Fulton, Murray (2001). "Leadership in democratic and participatory organizations". Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics 49 (4): 381–394. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7976.2001.tb00314.x.

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