Edward Markey

Edward J. Markey

Democratic Party

U.S. Senate Massachusetts

Tenure

2013 - Present

Term ends

2027

Years in position

Predecessor

Mo Cowan

Prior offices

Massachusetts House of Representatives

* * *

U.S. House Massachusetts District 5

* * *

Compensation

Base salary

$174,000

Net worth

(2012) $1,552,012.50

Elections and appointments

Last elected

November 3, 2020

Education

High school

Malden Catholic High School, MA

Bachelor's

Boston College

Law

Boston College Law School

Military

Service / branch

U.S. Army Reserve

Years of service

1968 - 1973

Personal

Profession

Attorney

Contact

Official website

Official Facebook

Official Twitter

Official Instagram

Official YouTube

Campaign website

Campaign Facebook

Campaign Twitter

Campaign Instagram

Campaign YouTube

Edward J. Markey (Democratic Party) is a member of the U.S. Senate from Massachusetts. He assumed office on July 16, 2013. His current term ends on January 3, 2027.

Markey (Democratic Party) ran for re-election to the U.S. Senate to represent Massachusetts. He won in the general election on November 3, 2020.

Markey previously was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives representing Massachusetts' 5th Congressional District. Markey was first elected to the House in a 1976 special election replacing Rep. Tobert Macdonald after his death.[1] Markey also previously served Massachusetts' 7th congressional district, but due to 2010 redistricting he represented district 5 until he won his Senate seat.[2]

Prior to his election to the House, Markey served in the United States Military Reserves from 1968-1973. Markey is also a co-president of Parliamentarians for Nuclear-Nonproliferation and Disarmament, a nonpartisan forum designed to enhance discussions on legislation for nuclear disarmament. During his time as a senator and house representative, he pressed Congress to reduce the nuclear weapons budget so that funds could be diverted towards other sectors, such as education.[3]

## Contents

* 1 Biography
* 2 Career
* 3 Committee assignments
* 3.1 U.S. Senate
* 3.1.1 2017-2018
* 3.1.2 2015-2016
* 3.1.3 2013-2014
* 3.2 U.S. House
* 3.2.1 2013
* 3.2.2 2011-2012
* 4 Elections
* 4.1 2020
* 4.1.1 Libertarian primary election
* 4.1.2 Candidate profile
* 4.2 2014
* 4.3 2013
* 4.3.1 Endorsements
* 4.4 2012
* 4.5 Full history
* 5 Campaign themes
* 5.1 2020
* 5.2 2012
* 6 Key votes
* 6.1 Key votes: 116th Congress, 2019-2020
* 6.2 Key votes: 115th Congress, 2017-2018
* 6.3 Key votes: Previous sessions of Congress
* 6.4 114th Congress
* 6.4.1 Economic and fiscal
* 6.4.1.1 Trade Act of 2015
* 6.4.1.2 2016 Budget proposal
* 6.4.1.3 Defense spending authorization
* 6.4.1.4 2015 budget
* 6.4.2 Foreign Affairs
* 6.4.2.1 Iran nuclear deal
* 6.4.3 Domestic
* 6.4.3.1 USA FREEDOM Act of 2015
* 6.4.3.2 Cyber security
* 6.4.4 Immigration
* 6.5 113th Congress
* 6.6 National security
* 6.6.1 Committee vote on Syria
* 6.7 Economy
* 6.7.1 Farm bill
* 6.7.2 2014 Budget
* 6.7.3 Government shutdown
* 6.8 Immigration
* 6.8.1 Morton Memos Prohibition
* 6.9 Social issues
* 6.9.1 Abortion
* 6.10 Previous congressional sessions
* 6.10.1 Fiscal Cliff
* 7 Presidential preference
* 7.1 2020
* 7.2 2016
* 8 Campaign donors
* 8.1 Comprehensive donor history
* 8.2 2014
* 8.2.1 Cost per vote
* 8.3 2013
* 8.3.1 Top recipients of lobbyist contributions
* 8.3.2 U.S. Senate Special Election
* 8.4 2012
* 8.4.1 Cost per vote
* 8.5 2010
* 9 Personal Gain Index
* 9.1 PGI: Change in net worth
* 9.2 PGI: Donation Concentration Metric
* 10 Analysis
* 10.1 Ideology and leadership
* 10.2 Like-minded colleagues
* 10.3 Lifetime voting record
* 10.4 Congressional staff salaries
* 10.5 National Journal vote ratings
* 10.5.1 2013
* 10.5.2 2012
* 10.5.3 2011
* 10.6 Voting with party
* 10.6.1 2014
* 10.6.2 2013
* 11 Notable endorsements
* 12 Personal
* 13 See also
* 14 External links
* 15 Footnotes

## Biography[edit]

Markey was born on July 11, 1946, in Malden, MA. After earning his bachelor's degree, Markey joined the U.S. Army Reserve. A year after earning his J.D., Markey entered politics as a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives.

## Career[edit]

Below is an abbreviated outline of Markey's academic, professional, and political career:[4]

* 2013-present: U.S. Senator from Massachusetts
* 1976-2013: U.S. House of Representatives
* 1973-1976: Massachusetts House of Representatives
* 1972: Graduated from Boston College Law School with a Juris Doctor
* 1968-1973: United States Army Reserve
* 1968: Graduated from Boston College with a B.A.
* 1964: Graduated from Malden Catholic High School

## Committee assignments[edit]

### U.S. Senate[edit]

#### 2021-2022

Markey was assigned to the following committees:[Source]

* Committee on Foreign Relations
* Subcommittee On Western Hemisphere, Transnational Crime, Civilian Security, Democracy, Human Rights, And Global Women's Issues
* Subcommittee On East Asia, The Pacific, And International Cybersecurity Policy, Chair
* Subcommittee On State Department And USAID Management, International Operations, And Bilateral International Development
* Subcommittee On Near East, South Asia, Central Asia, And Counterterrorism
* Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship
* Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
* Communications, Media, and Broadband
* Consumer Protection, Product Safety, and Data Security
* Oceans, Fisheries, Climate Change and Manufacturing
* Space and Science
* Surface Transportation, Maritime, Freight, and Ports
* Committee on Environment and Public Works
* Clean Air, Climate, and Nuclear Safety, Chair
* Fisheries, Water, and Wildlife
* Chemical Safety, Waste Management, Environmental Justice, and Regulatory Oversight

#### 2019-2020

Markey was assigned to the following committees:[Source]

* Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship
* Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
* Committee on Foreign Relations
* Committee on Environment and Public Works

#### 2017-2018[edit]

At the beginning of the 115th Congress, Markey was assigned to the following committees:[5]

* Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
* Committee on Environment and Public Works
* Committee on Foreign Relations
* Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship

#### 2015-2016[edit]

Markey served on the following committees:[6]

* Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee
* Subcommittee on Aviation Operations, Safety, and Security
* Subcommittee on Communications, Technology, and the Internet
* Subcommittee on Consumer Protection, Product Safety, and Insurance
* Subcommittee on Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries, and Coast Guard
* Subcommittee on Space, Science, and Competitiveness
* Subcommittee on Surface Transportation and Merchant Marine Infrastructure, Safety, and Security
* Environment and Public Works Committee
* Subcommittee on Clean Air and Nuclear Safety
* Subcommittee on Superfund, Waste Management, and Regulatory Oversight, Ranking Member
* Subcommittee on Fisheries, Water, and Wildlife
* Foreign Relations Committee
* Subcommittee on Africa and Global Health Policy Ranking Member
* Subcommittee on Europe and Regional Security Cooperation
* Subcommittee on Multilateral International Development, Multilateral Institutions, and International Economic, Energy, and Environmental Policy
* Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere, Transnational Crime, Civilian Security, Democracy, Human Rights, and Global Women's Issues
* Small Business and Entrepreneurship Committee

#### 2013-2014[edit]

Markey served on the following committees:[7][8]

* Commerce, Science, and Transportation
* Subcommittee on Communications, Technology, and the Internet
* Subcommittee on Competitiveness, Innovation, and Export Promotion
* Subcommittee on Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries, and Coast Guard
* Subcommittee on Science and Space
* Subcommittee on Surface Transportation and Merchant Marine Infrastructure, Safety, and Security
* Environment and Public Works
* Foreign Relations
* Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs
* Subcommittee on European Affairs
* Subcommittee on International Development and Foreign Assistance, Economic Affairs and International Environmental Protection, and Peace Corps - Chair
* Small Business and Entrepreneurship

### U.S. House[edit]

#### 2013[edit]

* Energy and Commerce
* Subcommittee on Energy and Power
* Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations
* Subcommittee on Communications and Technology
* Natural Resources, Ranking Member

#### 2011-2012[edit]

Markey was a member of the following House committees:[9][10]

* Energy and Commerce
* Communications and Technology
* Energy and Power
* Oversight and Investigations
* Natural Resources, Ranking Member

## Elections[edit]

### 2020[edit]

See also: United States Senate election in Massachusetts, 2020

United States Senate election in Massachusetts, 2020 (September 1 Democratic primary)

United States Senate election in Massachusetts, 2020 (September 1 Republican primary)

General election

##### General election for U.S. Senate Massachusetts

Incumbent Edward J. Markey defeated Kevin O'Connor and Shiva Ayyadurai in the general election for U.S. Senate Massachusetts on November 3, 2020.

Candidate

Votes

|
|
|

✔ |

| Edward J. Markey (D)  |

66.2

| 2,357,809

| Kevin O'Connor (R) |

33.0

| 1,177,765

| Shiva Ayyadurai (R) (Write-in) |

0.6

| 21,134
|  | Other/Write-in votes |

0.2

| 7,428

* * *

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

| Total votes: 3,564,136

|
|

= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

#### Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

* Andre Gray (G)
* Frederick Mayock (Independent)

Democratic primary election

#####  Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Massachusetts

Incumbent Edward J. Markey defeated Joseph Kennedy III in the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Massachusetts on September 1, 2020.

Candidate

Votes

|
|
|

✔ |

| Edward J. Markey |

55.4

| 782,694

| Joseph Kennedy III |

44.5

| 629,359
|  | Other/Write-in votes |

0.1

| 1,935

* * *

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

| Total votes: 1,413,988

|
|

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

#### Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

* Shannon Liss-Riordan (D)
* Washington Blask (D)
* Steve Pemberton (D)

Republican primary election

#####  Republican primary for U.S. Senate Massachusetts

Kevin O'Connor defeated Shiva Ayyadurai in the Republican primary for U.S. Senate Massachusetts on September 1, 2020.

Candidate

Votes

|
|
|

✔ |

| Kevin O'Connor |

59.7

| 158,590

| Shiva Ayyadurai |

39.4

| 104,782
|  | Other/Write-in votes |

0.8

| 2,245

* * *

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source

| Total votes: 265,617

|
|

= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

#### Libertarian primary election[edit]

No Libertarians filed for this race. Vermin Supreme ran as a write-in and received 27 votes. He did not receive enough votes to make the general election ballot.

#### Candidate profile[edit]

Edward J. Markey

Party: Democratic Party

Incumbent: Yes

Political Office:

* U.S. Senate (Assumed office: 2013)
* U.S. House of Representatives (1976-2013)

* Massachusetts House of Representatives (1973-1976)

Biography: Markey received a bachelor's degree from Boston College and a J.D. from Boston College School of Law. He served in the U.S. Army Reserve and worked as a lawyer in private practice before entering public office.

* * *

Key Messages

* * *

Markey's campaign website said, "Throughout his career, Ed has refused to compromise his progressive values in his fight to build a Commonwealth and country that are fair, just, and equitable for all. He has never been afraid to disrupt the status quo."

* * *

Markey's campaign website said, "It was his working-class upbringing that taught Ed the value of hard work and inspired him to spend his life seeking to provide the same opportunities he had, for every child, no matter their race, socioeconomic background, or zip code."

* * *

Sources: Ed Markey's 2020 campaign website, "Home," accessed August 24, 2020; Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress, "Markey, Edward John," accessed August 24, 2020

This information was current as of the candidate's run for U.S. Senate Massachusetts in 2020

### 2014[edit]

See also: United States Senate elections in Massachusetts, 2014

Markey ran for re-election to the U.S. Senate in 2014. He ran unopposed in the Democratic primary on September 9, 2014. He defeated Republican nominee Brian Herr in the general election on November 4, 2014.[11] The Cook Political Report considered the seat safe for Democrats.[12]

U.S. Senate, Massachusetts General Election, 2014

Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes
| Democratic  | Ed Markey Incumbent | 59% | 1,289,944
| Republican  |  Brian Herr  | 36.2% | 791,950
| Write-in  |  Other  | 0.1% | 3,078
| Blank  |  None  | 4.7% | 101,819
Total Votes | 2,186,791
Source: Massachusetts Secretary of State Official Results

### 2013[edit]

See also: United States Senate special election in Massachusetts, 2013

Markey won election to the United States Senate seat vacated by John Kerry, after his confirmation by the U.S. Senate to Secretary of State.[13][14]

Markey won the nomination in the Democratic primary on April 30, 2013, defeating challenger Stephen Lynch. The general election was held on June 25, 2013.[15] He defeated Gabriel Gomez and Richard Heos (I) in the general election to win the seat.[16]

U.S. Senate, Massachusetts Special General Election, 2013

Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes
| Democratic  | Ed Markey | 54.9% | 645,429
| Republican  |  Gabriel Gomez | 44.7% | 525,307
| Twelve Visions Party  |  Richard Heos | 0.4% | 4,550
Total Votes | 1,175,286
Source: Election Results from Massachusetts Elections Division

#### Endorsements[edit]

* American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees Council 93

"When it comes to fighting for the middle class and securing adequate federal funding for the essential public services that Massachusetts needs and we provide, we know we can always count on Ed Markey."[17]

* Markey's campaign released a list of over 100 state politicians on April 25, 2013.[18]

The list included House Speaker Robert DeLeo, Attorney General Martha Coakley and Treasurer Steven Grossman.[18] It also included 17 state senators, 63 state representatives and 18 mayors – including all the mayors and state legislators in the 5th Congressional District, which Markey represents.[18]

* On April 27, 2013, Caroline Kennedy announced her endorsement for Markey.

In a press-release Markey stated, "I'm so proud to have the support of Caroline Kennedy, a friend and passionate advocate for our children, families, and seniors. I share Caroline's commitment to taking on big fights for the people of Massachusetts, and in the Senate I will fight to defend President Obama's historic health care reform law, protect a woman's right to choose, and ensure all people have access to the opportunities to succeed in the 21st century."[19]

### 2012[edit]

See also: Redistricting in Massachusetts and United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts, 2012

Markey ran for re-election in 2012. He was redistricted and sought re-election in the 5th Congressional District of Massachusetts. He faced no opposition in the Democratic primary on September 6, 2012.[20]

U.S. House, Massachusetts District 5 General Election, 2012

Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes
| Democratic  | Ed Markey Incumbent | 70.7% | 257,490
| Republican  |  Tom Tierney  | 22.8% | 82,944
| N/A  |  All Others  | 0.2% | 675
| N/A  |  Blank Votes  | 6.3% | 23,092
Total Votes | 364,201
Source: Massachusetts Secretary of State "Return of Votes"

### Full history[edit]

To view the full congressional electoral history for Ed Markey, click [show] to expand the section.

|

2010

On November 2, 2010, Ed Markey won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Gerry Dembrowski (R) in the general election.[21]

| U.S. House, Massachusetts District 7 General Election, 2010

Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes
| Democratic  | Edward J. Markey incumbent | 66.4% | 145,696
| Republican  |  Gerry Dembrowski  | 33.5% | 73,467
| Various  |  All Others  | 0.1% | 194
Total Votes | 219,357

2008

On November 4, 2008, Ed Markey won re-election to the United States House. He defeated John Cunningham (R) in the general election.[22]

U.S. House, Massachusetts District 7 General Election, 2008

Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes
| Democratic  | Ed Markey incumbent | 70.5% | 212,304
| Republican  |  John Cunningham  | 22.6% | 67,978
| N/A  |  Blank/Scattering  | 6.8% | 20,528
| N/A  |  Others  | 0.1% | 400
Total Votes | 301,210

2006

On November 7, 2006, Ed Markey won re-election to the United States House. He ran unopposed in the general election.[23]

U.S. House, Massachusetts District 7 General Election, 2006

Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes
| Democratic  | Ed Markey incumbent | 75% | 171,902
| N/A  |  Blank/Scattering  | 23.8% | 54,560
| N/A  |  Others  | 1.3% | 2,889
Total Votes | 229,351

2004

On November 2, 2004, Ed Markey won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Kenneth Chase (R) and James Hall (I) in the general election.[24]

U.S. House, Massachusetts District 7 General Election, 2004

Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes
| Democratic  | Ed Markey incumbent | 69.3% | 202,399
| Republican  |  Kenneth Chase  | 20.6% | 60,334
| Independent  |  James Hall  | 4.2% | 12,139
| N/A  |  Blank/Scattering  | 5.8% | 17,088
| N/A  |  Others  | 0.1% | 227
Total Votes | 292,187

2002

On November 5, 2002, Ed Markey won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Daniel Melnechuk (Write-in) in the general election.[25]

U.S. House, Massachusetts District 7 General Election, 2002

Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes
| Democratic  | Ed Markey incumbent | 72.4% | 170,968
| Write-in  |  Daniel Melnechuk  | 0.4% | 863
| N/A  |  Blank/Scattering  | 26.3% | 61,976
| N/A  |  Others  | 0.9% | 2,206
Total Votes | 236,013

2000

On November 7, 2000, Ed Markey won re-election to the United States House. He ran unopposed in the general election.[26]

U.S. House, Massachusetts District 7 General Election, 2000

Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes
| Democratic  | Ed Markey incumbent | 75.1% | 211,543
| N/A  |  Blank/Scattering  | 23.5% | 66,154
| N/A  |  Others  | 1.4% | 4,040
Total Votes | 281,737

1998

On November 3, 1998, Ed Markey won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Patricia Long (R) in the general election.[27]

U.S. House, Massachusetts District 7 General Election, 1998

Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes
| Democratic  | Ed Markey incumbent | 70.6% | 137,178
| Republican  |  Patricia Long  | 29.3% | 56,977
| N/A  |  Others  | 0.1% | 150
Total Votes | 194,305

1996

On November 5, 1996, Ed Markey won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Patricia Long (R) in the general election.[28]

U.S. House, Massachusetts District 7 General Election, 1996

Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes
| Democratic  | Ed Markey incumbent | 69.8% | 177,053
| Republican  |  Patricia Long  | 30.1% | 76,407
| N/AYEAR  |  Others  | 0% | 110
Total Votes | 253,570

1994

On November 8, 1994, Ed Markey won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Brad Bailey (R) in the general election.[29]

U.S. House, Massachusetts District 7 General Election, 1994

Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes
| Democratic  | Ed Markey incumbent | 68.7% | 172,753
| Republican  |  Brad Bailey  | 31.2% | 78,487
| N/A  |  Other  | 0% | 69
Total Votes | 251,309

1992

On November 3, 1992, Ed Markey won re-election to the United States House. He defeated Stephen A. Sohn (R) and Robert B. Antonelli (I) in the general election.[30]

U.S. House, Massachusetts District 7 General Election, 1992

Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes
| Democratic  | Ed Markey incumbent | 62.1% | 174,837
| Republican  |  Stephen A. Sohn  | 27.8% | 78,262
| Independent  |  Robert B. Antonelli  | 10.1% | 28,421
| N/A  |  Other  | 0% | 38
Total Votes | 281,558

1990

On November 6, 1990, Ed Markey won re-election to the United States House. He defeated write-in candidates in the general election.[31]

U.S. House, Massachusetts District 7 General Election, 1990

Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes
| Democratic  | Ed Markey incumbent | 65.7% | 155,380
| N/A  |  Write-in  | 34.3% | 81,200
Total Votes | 236,580

1988

On November 8, 1988, Ed Markey won re-election to the United States House. He defeated write-in candidates in the general election.[32]

U.S. House, Massachusetts District 7 General Election, 1988

Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes
| Democratic  | Ed Markey incumbent | 100% | 188,647
| N/A  |  Write-in  | 0% | 63
Total Votes | 188,710

1986

On November 4, 1986, Ed Markey won re-election to the United States House. He defeated write-in candidates in the general election.[33]

U.S. House, Massachusetts District 7 General Election, 1986

Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes
| Democratic  | Ed Markey incumbent | 71.7% | 124,183
| N/A  |  Write-in  | 28.3% | 48,977
Total Votes | 173,160

1984

On November 6, 1984, Ed Markey won re-election to the United States House. He defeated S. Lester Ralph (R) in the general election.[34]

U.S. House, Massachusetts District 7 General Election, 1984

Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes
| Democratic  | Ed Markey incumbent | 71.4% | 167,211
| Republican  |  S. Lester Ralph  | 28.6% | 66,930
| N/A  |  Write-in  | 0% | 49
Total Votes | 234,190

1982

On November 2, 1982, Ed Markey won re-election to the United States House. He defeated David M. Basile (R) in the general election.[35]

U.S. House, Massachusetts District 7 General Election, 1982

Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes
| Democratic  | Ed Markey incumbent | 77.8% | 151,305
| Republican  |  David M. Basile  | 22.2% | 43,063
| N/A  |  Write-in  | 0% | 1
Total Votes | 194,369

1980

On November 4, 1980, Ed Markey won re-election to the United States House. He defeated write-in candidates in the general election.[36]

U.S. House, Massachusetts District 7 General Election, 1980

Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes
| Democratic  | Ed Markey incumbent | 100% | 155,759
| N/A  |  Write-in  | 0% | 24
Total Votes | 155,783

1978

On November 7, 1978, Ed Markey won re-election to the United States House. He defeated James J. Murphy (I) in the general election.[37]

U.S. House, Massachusetts District 7 General Election, 1978

Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes
| Democratic  | Ed Markey incumbent | 84.8% | 145,615
| Republican  |  James J. Murphy  | 15.2% | 26,017
| N/A  |  Write-in  | 0% | 14
Total Votes | 171,646

1976

On November 2, 1976, Ed Markey won election to the United States House. He defeated Richard W. Daly (R), James J. Murphy (I) and Harry G. Chickles (I) in the general election.[38]

U.S. House, Massachusetts District 7 General Election, 1976

Party | Candidate | Vote % | Votes
| Democratic  | Ed Markey | 76.9% | 162,126
| Republican  |  Richard W. Daly  | 17.6% | 37,063
| Independent  |  James J. Murphy  | 3.2% | 6,851
| Independent  |  Harry G. Chickles  | 2.3% | 4,748
| N/A  |  Write-in  | 0% | 21
Total Votes | 210,809

## Campaign themes[edit]

### 2020[edit]

#### Ballotpedia survey responses

See also: Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection

Edward J. Markey did not complete Ballotpedia's 2020 Candidate Connection survey.

### 2012[edit]

On his campaign website, Markey listed 12 issues.[39]

* Civil Rights

Excerpt: "Ed Markey believes in an America that fully respects and protects the civil rights guaranteed by our Constitution, and which does not discriminate against any person on the basis of race, national origin, religion, sex, or sexual orientation."

* Economic Development

Excerpt: "Ed Markey understands that one of the most important roles the federal government can play is that of economic engine, leveraging public with private funds to revitalize urban and suburban areas. From his earliest days as a member of Congress, Ed Markey has worked tirelessly to secure targeted economic development dollars for downtown redevelopment and other projects important to the communities in the 7th District."

* Energy Independence

Ed Markey, "Markey: GOP Wants No More Clean Energy Solutions"

Excerpt: "An environmental champion, Ed Markey has provided pioneering leadership in protection our environment, in the fight against global warming and in creating a roadmap for energy independence in the United States."

* Health

Excerpt: "Ed Markey believes that all Americans deserve access to high quality healthcare and is committed to making universal healthcare a reality."

* Homeland Security

Excerpt: "In 2003, the House of Representatives established the Select Committee on Homeland Security, and Ed Markey was chosen by the leadership to serve on this important new panel. His appointment reflected years of work he had undertaken prior to September 11, 2001, to try to increase terrorism preparedness at critical infrastructure such as nuclear power plants and LNG facilities."

* Human Rights

Excerpt: "Ed Markey believes that America's foreign policy should respect and uphold internationally-recognized principles of human rights. Our country has an important leadership role to play in providing hope to those around the world who are denied the right to vote in free and fair elections, the right to organize politically, the right of citizens to engage in political dissent and peaceful protest."

* Immigration

Excerpt: "As the grandson of Irish immigrants, Ed Markey appreciates how America has, generation after generation, renewed itself by assimilating new immigrants into this great country. America continues to draw strength, vitality, and energy every day from a process of assimilating cultures, religions, and ethnic backgrounds of every kind from around the world."

* Nuclear Weapons

Excerpt: "Ed Markey believes that it should be a paramount concern of the nations of the world that we reduce and ultimately eliminate nuclear weapons from the face of the planet."

* Privacy

Excerpt: "Ed Markey is one of the most vigorous champions of consumer privacy protection in Congress."

* Telecommunications

Excerpt: "Ed Markey is the Chairman of the Subcommittee on Telecommunications and the Internet and has served on that panel since his first election in 1976. In this capacity, Ed has worked on every major telecommunications law passed in the last 30 years."

* Veterans

Excerpt: "Ed Markey believes that the VA was created to serve all veterans, not just those veterans it can "afford" to serve. All veterans, regardless of income, have earned the right to high-quality health care services."

* War in Iraq

Excerpt: "But as we now know, the Bush Administration never cared whether or not there were weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. The fact that Saddam Hussein is gone is good. But it was not worth a single American life to invade Iraq since Saddam Hussein did not have an active nuclear weapons program."[39]

## Key votes[edit]

See also: Key votes

Ballotpedia monitors legislation that receives a vote and highlights the ones that we consider to be key to understanding where elected officials stand on the issues. To read more about how we identify key votes, click here.

### Key votes: 116th Congress, 2019-2020[edit]

### Key votes: 115th Congress, 2017-2018[edit]

For detailed information about each vote, click here.

* Votes on domestic policy (click to expand)

Voted Yea on: First Step Act of 2018 (S 756)

Motion Agreed to (87-12) on December 18, 2018
Proposed making changes to the criminal justice system.[40]

Voted Yea on: Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (HR 2)

Conference Report Agreed to (87-13) on December 11, 2018
Proposed providing funding for commodity support, conservation, trade and international food aid, nutrition assistance, farm credit, rural development, research and extension activities, forestry, horticulture, and crop insurance through fiscal year 2023.[41]

Voted Nay on: "Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States" (PN2259)

Nomination Confirmed (50-48) on October 6, 2018
Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States[42]

Voted Nay on: "Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States" (PN2259)

Cloture Motion Agreed to (51-49) on October 5, 2018
Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States[43]

Voted Yea on: Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 (HR 2)

Bill Passed (86-11, 3/5 majority required) on June 28, 2018
Proposed providing funding for commodity support, conservation, trade and international food aid, nutrition assistance, farm credit, rural development, research and extension activities, forestry, horticulture, and crop insurance.[44]

Voted Nay on: Immigration reform proposal from Sen. Chuck Grassley and the Trump administration (S Amdt 1959 to HR 2579)

Cloture Motion Rejected (39-60, 3/5 majority required) on February 15, 2018
Proposed providing a path to citizenship for 1.8 million individuals brought into the U.S. without legal permission as children, $25 billion for border security, limits on chain migration or family-based migration, and eliminating the visa lottery system.[45]

Voted Yea on: Immigration reform proposal from the Common Sense Coalition (S Amdt 1958 to HR 2579)

Cloture Motion Rejected (54-45, 3/5 majority required) on February 15, 2018
Proposed providing a path to citizenship for individuals brought into the U.S. without legal permission as children, $25 billion for border security, and limitations on chain or family-based immigration.[46]

Voted Nay on: Stop Dangerous Sanctuary Cities Act amendment (S Amdt 1948 to S Amdt 1959)

Cloture Motion Rejected (54-45, 3/5 majority required) on February 15, 2018
Proposed withholding funding from sanctuary jurisdictions for not cooperating with federal immigration officials.[47]

Voted Yea on: Coons-McCain immigration plan (S Amdt 1955 to S Amdt 1958)

Cloture Motion Rejected (52-47, 3/5 majority required) on February 15, 2018
Proposed providing a path to citizenship for individuals brought into the U.S. without legal permission as children and conducting a study to determine what border security measures were needed. It also proposed requiring the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to secure the U.S.-Mexico border by 2021.[48]

Voted Nay on: Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act (S 2311)

Cloture on the Motion to Proceed Rejected (51-46, 3/5 majority required) on January 29, 2018
Proposed amending the federal criminal code to make it a crime for any person to perform or attempt to perform an abortion if the probable post-fertilization age of the fetus was 20 weeks or more. The bill proposed providing exceptions for an abortion: (1) that was necessary to save the life of the pregnant woman, or (2) when the pregnancy was the result of rape or incest.[49]

Voted Nay on: An amendment to repeal the requirements for individuals to enroll in health insurance and for employers to offer it—"Skinny bill" (S Amdt 667 to S Amdt 267 to HR 1628 the American Health Care Act of 2017)

Amendment Rejected (49-51) on July 28, 2017
The amendment proposed repealing the requirements for individuals to enroll in health insurance and for employers to offer it.[50]

Voted Nay on: An amendment to repeal the ACA, including Paul amendment (No. 271) (S Amdt 271 to S Amdt 267 to HR 1628)

Amendment Rejected (45-55) on July 26, 2017
An amendment to repeal the ACA, including Paul amendment (No. 271)[51]

Voted Nay on: Motion to advance the Better Care Reconciliation Act of 2017, including Cruz and Portman amendments (S Amdt 270 to S Amdt 267 to HR 1628)

Motion Rejected (43-57, 3/5 majority required) on July 25, 2017
A procedural vote to advance the Better Care Reconciliation Act of 2017 (BCRA), including the Cruz and Portman amendments.[52]

Voted Nay on: Motion to begin debate on the American Health Care Act of 2017 (HR 1628)

Motion to Proceed Agreed to (50-50, Vice President voted Yea) on July 25, 2017
Proposed providing for reconciliation pursuant to title II of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2017.[53]

Voted Nay on: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (PN55(4)—confirmation vote)

Nomination Confirmed (54-45) on April 7, 2017
Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States—confirmation vote.[54]

Voted Nay on: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (PN55(3))

Cloture Motion Agreed to (55-45) on April 6, 2017
Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States—second vote to end debate and move to a vote on Gorsuch's nomination under the new precedent requiring only a simple majority to pass.[55]

Voted Yea on: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (PN55(2))

Decision of Chair Not Sustained (48-52) on April 6, 2017
Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States—a vote to keep the Senate precedent of requiring 60 votes to close debate on Supreme Court nominations.[56]

Voted Nay on: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (PN55)

Cloture Motion Rejected (55-45, 3/5 majority required) on April 6, 2017
Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States—initial vote to end debate and move to a vote on Gorsuch's nomination.[57]

* Votes on economic affairs and regulations (click to expand)

Voted Yea on: "Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Act, 2019" (HR 6157)

Conference Report Agreed to (93-7) on September 18, 2018
Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Departments of Defense, Health and Human Services (HHS), Labor, and Education.[58]

Voted Nay on: "Energy and Water, Legislative Branch, and Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act, 2019" (HR 5895)

Conference Report Agreed to (92-5) on September 12, 2018
Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Department of Energy, water resources, the legislative branch, military construction, and the Department of Veterans Affairs, among other programs.[59]

Voted Yea on: "Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Act, 2019" (HR 6157)

Bill Passed (85-7) on August 23, 2018
Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Departments of Defense, Health and Human Services (HHS), Labor, and Education.[60]

Voted Nay on: "Energy and Water, Legislative Branch, and Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act, 2019" (HR 5895)

Bill Passed (86-5) on June 25, 2018
Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Department of Energy, water resources, the legislative branch, military construction, and the Department of Veterans Affairs, among other programs.[61]

Voted Nay on: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 1625)

Motion Agreed to (65-32) on March 23, 2018
Proposed providing appropriations for fiscal year 2018, and for other purposes.[62]

Voted Nay on: The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (HR 1892)

Motion Agreed to (71-28) on February 9, 2018
Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through March 23, 2018[63]

Voted Nay on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 695)

Cloture Motion Rejected (55-44, 3/5 majority required) on February 8, 2018
Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through March 23, 2018.[64]

Voted Nay on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 195)

Motion Agreed to (81-18) on January 22, 2018
Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through February 8, 2018.[65]

Voted Nay on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 195)

Cloture Motion Agreed to (81-18, 3/5 majority required) on January 22, 2018
Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through February 8, 2018.[66]

Voted Nay on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 195)

Cloture Motion Rejected (50-49, 3/5 majority required) on January 19, 2018
Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through January 19, 2018.[67]

Voted Nay on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 1370)

Motion Agreed to (66-32, 3/5 majority required) on December 21, 2017
Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through January 19, 2018.[68]

Voted Nay on: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (HR 1)

Motion Agreed to (51-48) on December 20, 2017
Proposed providing for reconciliation pursuant to titles II and V of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018 and proposed changes to the tax code.[69]

Voted Nay on: "A joint resolution making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2018, and for other purposes." (HJ Res 123)

Joint Resolution Passed (81-14) on December 7, 2017
Proposed funding the government until December 22, 2017.[70]

Voted Nay on: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (HR 1)

Bill Passed (51-49) on December 2, 2017
Proposed amending the Internal Revenue Code to reduce tax rates and modify policies, credits, and deductions for individuals and businesses.[71]

Voted Nay on: A concurrent resolution establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2018 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2019 through 2027. (H Con Res 71)

Concurrent Resolution Agreed to (51-49) on October 19, 2017
Proposed establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2018 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2019 through 2027.[72]

Voted Yea on: Disaster Relief Appropriations Act, 2017 (Included amendments to suspend the debt ceiling and fund the government) (HR 601)

Motion Agreed to (80-17) on September 7, 2017
Proposed suspending the debt ceiling and funding the government until December 8, 2017, and providing funding for Hurricanes Harvey and Irma relief efforts.[73]

Voted Yea on: Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2017 (HR 244)

Motion Agreed to (79-18) on May 4, 2017
The $1.2 trillion budget bill proposed funding the government through the end of the fiscal year on September 30, 2017.[74]

* Votes on foreign policy and national security issues (click to expand)

Voted Yea on: "A joint resolution to direct the removal of United States Armed Forces from hostilities in the Republic of Yemen that have not been authorized by Congress." (SJ Res 54)

Joint Resolution Passed (56-41) on December 13, 2018
Proposed removing United States Armed Forces from hostilities in the Republic of Yemen that were not authorized by Congress.[75]

Voted Yea on: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (HR 2810)

Bill Passed (89-8) on September 18, 2017
Proposed authorizing appropriations for fiscal year 2018 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, and to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes. On November 15, 2017, the Senate passed the defense policy bill by voice vote. This bill was the result of compromises made in the conference report. For more information on the compromise bill, click here.[76][77]

Voted Yea on: Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (HR 3364)

Bill Passed (98-2) on July 27, 2017
Proposed providing congressional review and proposed countering aggression by the governments of Iran, the Russian Federation, and North Korea, and for other purposes.[78]

Voted Yea on: Countering Iran's Destabilizing Activities Act of 2017 (S 722)

Bill Passed (98-2) on June 15, 2017
Proposed providing congressional review and proposed countering aggression by the governments of Iran, the Russian Federation, and North Korea, and for other purposes.[79]

### Key votes: Previous sessions of Congress[edit]

Key votes (click "show" to expand or "hide" to contract)

### 114th Congress[edit]

The first session of the 114th Congress enacted into law six out of the 2,616 introduced bills (0.2 percent). Comparatively, the 113th Congress had 1.3 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the first session. In the second session, the 114th Congress enacted 133 out of 3,159 introduced bills (4.2 percent). Comparatively, the 113th Congress had 7.0 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the second session.[80][81] The Senate confirmed 18,117 out of 21,815 executive nominations received (83 percent). For more information pertaining to Markey's voting record in the 114th Congress, please see the below sections.[82]

#### Economic and fiscal[edit]

##### Trade Act of 2015[edit]

See also: The Trans-Pacific Partnership trade deal, 2015

On May 22, 2015, the Senate passed HR 1314, which was used as a legislative vehicle for trade legislation with the titles "Trade Act of 2015" and the "Bipartisan Congressional Trade Priorities and Accountability Act of 2015," by a vote of 62-37. The bill proposed giving the president trade promotion authority (TPA). TPA, also known as fast track authority, allows the president to negotiate trade deals that cannot be amended by Congress. Congress casts a simple up or down vote on a trade agreement, and the legislation only requires a simple majority for approval. The bill also included a statement of trade priorities and provisions for trade adjustment assistance. Markey voted with 30 other Democratic senators against the bill.[83][84]
Trade promotion authority
On June 24, 2015, by a vote of 60-38, the Senate approved trade promotion authority (TPA) as part of HR 2146 - Defending Public Safety Employees' Retirement Act. Markey was one of 31 Democrats to vote against the bill. After, Senate Republican leadership honored a pledge to support trade adjustment assistance (TAA) by passing the measure as part of HR 1295 - Trade Preferences Extension Act of 2015 by voice vote. The House passed HR 1295 the following day, on June 25, 2015, and both TPA and TAA were signed into law on June 29, 2015.[85][86][87]

##### 2016 Budget proposal[edit]

On May 5, 2015, the Senate voted to approve SConRes11, a congressional budget proposal for fiscal year 2016, by a vote of 51-48. The non-binding resolution will be used to create 12 appropriations bills to fund the government before funding runs out on October 1, 2015. The vote marked the first time since 2009 that Congress approved a joint budget resolution. All 44 Democrats, including Markey, voted against the resolution.[88][89][90]

##### Defense spending authorization[edit]

On November 10, 2015, the Senate passed S 1356 - the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 by a vote of 91-3. The second version of the $607 billion national defense bill included "$5 billion in cuts to match what was approved in the budget" and language preventing the closure of the Guantanamo Bay military prison.[91][92] Markey voted with 41 Democrats, 48 Republicans and one independent in favor of the bill.[93] On November 5, 2015, the House passed the bill by a vote of 370-58, and President Barack Obama signed it into law on November 25, 2015.[94]

On June 18, 2015, the Senate passed HR 1735 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 by a vote of 71-25. The bill "authorizes FY2016 appropriations and sets forth policies for Department of Defense (DOD) programs and activities, including military personnel strengths. It does not provide budget authority, which is provided in subsequent appropriations legislation." Markey voted with 21 Democrats, two Republicans and one Independent against the bill.[95] The House passed the bill on May 15, 2015.[96] President Barack Obama vetoed the bill on October 22, 2015.[97]

##### 2015 budget[edit]

On October 30, 2015, the Senate passed HR 1314 - Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 by a vote of 64-35. The bill increased military and domestic spending levels and suspended the debt ceiling until March 2017.[98] Markey voted with 43 Democrats, 18 Republicans and two independents in favor of the bill.[99] It passed the House on October 28, 2015.[100] President Barack Obama signed it into law on November 2, 2015.

#### Foreign Affairs[edit]

##### Iran nuclear deal[edit]

See also: Iran nuclear agreement, 2015

On May 7, 2015, the Senate voted to approve HR 1191 - A bill to provide for congressional review and oversight of agreements relating to Iran's nuclear program, and for other purposes, by a vote of 98-1. The bill required President Barack Obama to submit the details of the nuclear deal with Iran for congressional review. Congress had 60 days to review the deal and vote to approve, disapprove or take no action on the deal. During the review period, sanctions on Iran could not be lifted. All 43 Democratic senators who voted, including Markey, approved the bill.[101][102]

Hire More Heroes Act of 2015
On September 10, 2015, the Senate voted to filibuster the measure to disapprove of the Iran nuclear deal by a vote of 58-42.[103] Sixty votes were needed to proceed to HJ Res 61 - the Hire More Heroes Act of 2015, the legislative vehicle the Senate was expected to use to disapprove of the Iran nuclear deal. Markey voted with 39 Democrats and two Independents against proceeding to the measure of disapproval.[104]

Hire More Heroes Act of 2015 follow up votes
On September 15, 2015, the Senate voted for a second time to filibuster the measure to disapprove of the Iran nuclear deal by a vote of 56-42.[105] Sixty votes were needed to proceed to HJ Res 61 - the Hire More Heroes Act of 2015, the legislative vehicle the Senate was expected to use to disapprove of the Iran nuclear deal. Markey voted with 39 Democrats and two Independents against proceeding to the measure of disapproval.[106] The legislation was voted on for a third time on September 17, and it failed for a third time by a vote of 56-42.[107]

Hire More Heroes Act of 2015 fourth vote
On September 17, 2015, the Senate voted to filibuster a vote on S.Amdt.2656 to S.Amdt.2640 by a vote of 53-45. The amendment proposed prohibiting "the President from waiving, suspending, reducing, providing relief from, or otherwise limiting the application of sanctions pursuant to an agreement related to the nuclear program of Iran."[108] Markey voted with 42 Democrats and two Independents against proceeding to the amendment.[109]

#### Domestic[edit]

##### USA FREEDOM Act of 2015[edit]

On June 2, 2015, the Senate passed HR 2048 - the Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ensuring Effective Discipline Over Monitoring Act of 2015 or the USA FREEDOM Act of 2015 by a vote of 67-32. The legislation revised HR 3199 - the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005 by terminating the bulk collection of metadata under Sec. 215 of the act, requiring increased reporting from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court and requiring the use of "a specific selection term as the basis for national security letters that request information from wire or electronic communication service providers, financial institutions, or consumer reporting agencies." Markey voted with 42 Democrats, 23 Republicans and one Independent to approve the legislation. It became law on June 2, 2015.[110][111]

##### Cyber security[edit]

On October 27, 2015, the Senate passed S 754 - the Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015 by a vote of 74-21.[112] The bill proposed procedures that would allow federal agencies and private entities to share information about cyber threats. Markey voted with 13 Democrats, six Republicans and one independent against the bill.[113]

#### Immigration[edit]

On October 20, 2015, the Senate voted against proceeding to a vote on S 2146 - the Stop Sanctuary Policies and Protect Americans Act by a vote of 54-45. The bill proposed withholding federal funding from "sanctuary jurisdictions" that violate the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 and other federal immigration laws. In addition, the bill proposed increasing "penalties for individuals who illegally reenter the United States after being removed" and providing "liability protection for State and local law enforcement who cooperate with Federal law enforcement."[114] Markey voted with 41 Democrats, one Republican and two Independents against proceeding to the bill.[115]

### 113th Congress[edit]

The second session of the 113th Congress enacted into law 224 out of the 3215 introduced bills (7 percent). Comparatively, the 112th Congress had 4.2 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the second session.[116] The Senate confirmed 13,949 out of 18,323 executive nominations received (76.1 percent). For more information pertaining to Markey's voting record in the 113th Congress, please see the below sections.[117]

Note: Markey won special election to the Senate seat in June 2013. His record reflects both his votes in the House and the Senate for the 113th Congress.

### National security[edit]

#### Committee vote on Syria[edit]

See also: United States involvement in Syria

On September 4, 2013, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee narrowly approved an authorization for President Obama to use limited force against Syria.[118][119]

The vote came after a three-hour briefing with top Obama administration officials, including Secretary of State John Kerry and James Clapper, the director of national intelligence.[120]

Of the nine Democratic members and eight Republican members that make up the committee, seven Democrats members and three Republicans voted in favor, while five Republicans and two Democrats opposed the authorization.[120] Markey was the only member of the committee to dodge the yes-no vote by voting "present."[121][122]

### Economy[edit]

#### Farm bill[edit]

On February 4, 2014, the Democratic controlled Senate approved the Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2013, H.R. 2642, also known as the Farm Bill.[123] It passed the Senate with a vote of 68-32. The nearly 1,000-page bill reformed and continued various programs of the Department of Agriculture through 2018. The $1 trillion bill expanded crop insurance for farmers by $7 billion over the next decade and created new subsidies for rice and peanut growers that would kick in when prices drop.[124] However, cuts to the food stamp program cut an average of $90 per month for 1.7 million people in 15 states.[124] Markey was one of nine Democratic senators who voted against the bill.

#### 2014 Budget[edit]

On January 16, 2014, the Democratic-controlled Senate approved H.R. 3547, a $1.1 trillion spending bill to fund the government through September 30, 2014.[125][126] The Senate voted 72-26 for the 1,582 page bill, with 17 Republicans and 55 Democrats voting in favor of the bill.[126] The omnibus package included 12 annual spending bills to fund federal operations.[127] It included a 1 percent increase in the paychecks of federal workers and military personnel, a $1 billion increase in Head Start funding for early childhood education, reduced funding to the Internal Revenue Service and the Environmental Protection Agency and left the Affordable Care Act without any drastic cuts. Markey voted with the Democratic Party in favor of the bill.[125][126]

#### Government shutdown[edit]

See also: United States budget debate, 2013

During the shutdown in October 2013, the Senate rejected, down party lines, every House-originated bill that stripped the budget of funding for the Affordable Care Act. A deal was reached late on October 16, 2013, just hours before the debt ceiling deadline. The bill to reopen the government, H.R. 2775, lifted the $16.7 trillion debt limit and funded the government through January 15, 2014. Federal employees also received retroactive pay for the shutdown period. The only concession made by Senate Democrats was to require income verification for Obamacare subsidies.[128] The final vote on H.R. 2775 was 81-18, with all 18 votes against the bill from Republican members. Markey voted with the Democratic Party for the bill.[129]

### Immigration[edit]

#### Morton Memos Prohibition[edit]

Markey voted against House Amendment 136 - Prohibits the Enforcement of the Immigration Executive Order. The amendment was adopted by the House on June 6, 2013, with a vote of 224 - 201. The purpose of the amendment as stated on the official text is to "prohibit the use of funds to finalize, implement, administer, or enforce the Morton Memos." These memos would have granted administrative amnesty to certain individuals residing in the United States without legal status.[130] The vote largely followed party lines.[131]

### Social issues[edit]

#### Abortion[edit]

Markey did not vote on HR 1797 - Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act. The resolution passed the House on June 18, 2013, with a vote of 228 - 196. The purpose of the bill was to ban abortions that would take place 20 or more weeks after fertilization.[132]

### Previous congressional sessions[edit]

#### Fiscal Cliff[edit]

Markey voted for the fiscal cliff compromise bill, which made permanent most of the Bush tax cuts originally passed in 2001 and 2003 while also raising tax rates on the highest income levels. He was one of 172 Democrats who voted in favor of the bill. The bill was passed in the House by a 257-167 vote on January 1, 2013.[133]

## Presidential preference[edit]

### 2020[edit]

See also: Presidential election in Massachusetts, 2020 and Democratic National Convention, 2020

Markey endorsed Elizabeth Warren (D) in the 2020 presidential election.[134]

### 2016[edit]

See also: Presidential election in Massachusetts, 2016 and Democratic National Convention, 2016

Markey endorsed Hillary Clinton (D) in the 2016 presidential election.[135]

## Campaign donors[edit]

### Comprehensive donor history[edit]

* * *

Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.

* * *

Edward J. Markey campaign contribution history

Year | Office | Result | Contributions
2014 | U.S. Senate (Massachusetts) |  ✔ | $18,624,052
2012 | U.S. House (Massachusetts, District 5) |  ✔ | $1,091,666
2010 | U.S. House (Massachusetts, District 7) |  ✔ | $1,535,340
2008 | U.S. House (Massachusetts, District 7) |  ✔ | $1,454,661
2006 | U.S. House (Massachusetts, District 7) |  ✔ | $942,520
2004 | U.S. House (Massachusetts, District 7) |  ✔ | $2,840,650
2002 | U.S. House (Massachusetts, District 7) |  ✔ | $688,471
2000 | U.S. House (Massachusetts, District 7) |  ✔ | $591,089
Grand total raised | $27,768,449

Source: Follow the Money

### 2014[edit]

Markey won re-election to the U.S. Senate in 2014. During that election cycle, Markey's campaign committee raised a total of $18,624,052 and spent $17,857,729.[136] This is more than the average $10.6 million spent by Senate winners in 2014.[137]

#### Cost per vote[edit]

Markey spent $13.84 per general election vote received in 2014.

U.S. Senate, Massachusetts, 2014 - Edward Markey Campaign Contributions

Total Raised | $18,624,052
Total Spent | $17,857,729
Total Raised by Election Runner-up | $120,258
Total Spent by Election Runner-up | $118,532
Top contributors to Edward Markey's campaign committee
League of Conservation Voters| $351,511
Mintz, Levin et al| $126,550
Harvard University| $99,300
Granite Telecommunications| $84,500
Wilmerhale Llp| $81,700
Top 5 industries that contributed to campaign committee
Lawyers/Law Firms| $1,954,911
Securities & Investment| $1,012,026
Real Estate| $811,650
TV/Movies/Music| $680,400
Environment| $546,271

To view the breakdown of campaign funding by type click [show] to expand the section.

|

Breakdown of the source of Markey's campaign funds before the 2014 election.

### 2013[edit]

#### Top recipients of lobbyist contributions[edit]

On a list of Top 10 Recipients of Contributions from Lobbyists in 2013 from OpenSecrets.org, Markey ranked 1st on the list with $183,340 in lobbyist contributions.[138]

#### U.S. Senate Special Election[edit]

U.S. Rep. Markey raised about $4.8 million from the time he announced he would be running in the special election race to April 2013.[139] Markey's Democratic rival, fellow U.S. Rep. Stephen Lynch reported raising approximately $1.5 million since entering the race in late January, adding to the $745,000 left over from his last House race.[139]

After beginning with more than $3 million in his congressional campaign account at the start of the campaign, Markey had a total of $7.8 million on hand in early April. After spending about $3.2 million, his account was left with about $4.6 million as of April 10, 2013.[139] According to reports, more than 53 percent of the money raised by Markey came from outside of the state, with only approximately 47 percent coming from Massachusetts donors. According to Markey's campaign, approximately 83 percent of the more than 18,000 individuals who contributed to his campaign gave $100 or less.[139]

Lynch reported spending more than $1.7 million through April 10 and had more than $514,000 left in his account for the final stretch.[139] According to his campaign, about 93 percent of the approximately 3,300 individual donors live in Massachusetts and approximately 45 percent of those who donated to his campaign gave $100 or less.[139]

### 2012[edit]

Markey won election to the U.S. House of Representatives in 2012. During that election cycle, Markey's campaign committee raised a total of $1,091,666 and spent $1,110,492.[140]

#### Cost per vote[edit]

Markey spent $4.31 per vote received in 2012.

U.S. House, Massachusetts District 5, 2012 - Edward Markey Campaign Contributions

Total Raised | $1,091,666
Total Spent | $1,110,492
Total Raised by Election Runner-up | $15,560
Total Spent by Election Runner-up | $15,628
Top contributors to Edward Markey's campaign committee
Fresenius Medical Care| $20,200
WilmerHale Llp| $20,000
DLA Piper| $16,500
Interpublic Group| $12,800
Enernoc Inc| $11,750
Top 5 industries that contributed to campaign committee
Lawyers/Law Firms| $114,164
Lobbyists| $79,950
TV/Movies/Music| $49,000
Real Estate| $37,000
Telephone Utilities| $33,120

To view the breakdown of campaign funding by type click [show] to expand the section.

|

Breakdown of the source of Markey's campaign funds before the 2012 election.

### 2010[edit]

Markey won re-election to the U.S. House in 2010. During that re-election cycle, Markey's campaign committee raised a total of $1,535,340 and spent $1,291,210.[141]

U.S. House, Massachusetts District 7, 2010 - Edward Markey Campaign Contributions

Total Raised | $1,535,340
Total Spent | $1,291,210
Total Raised by General Election Opponent | $45,403
Total Spent by General Election Opponent | $41,307
Top contributors to Edward Markey's campaign committee
Enernoc Inc| $24,900
Thermo Fisher Scientific| $18,100
Feeley & Driscoll| $15,500
DLA Piper| $14,900
Holcim Ltd| $14,500
Top 5 industries that contributed to campaign committee
Electric Utilities| $146,900
Lawyers/Law Firms| $121,150
Lobbyists| $113,754
TV/Movies/Music| $65,750
Telecom Services & Equipment| $59,750

To view the breakdown of campaign funding by type click [show] to expand the section.

|

Breakdown of the source of Markey's campaign funds before the 2010 election.

## Personal Gain Index[edit]

See also: Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress)

The Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress) is a two-part measurement that illustrates the extent to which members of the U.S. Congress have prospered during their tenure as public servants.
It consists of two different metrics:

* Changes in Net Worth
* The Donation Concentration Metric

### PGI: Change in net worth[edit]

See also: Changes in Net Worth of U.S. Senators and Representatives (Personal Gain Index) and Net worth of United States Senators and Representatives

Based on congressional financial disclosure forms and calculations made available by OpenSecrets.org, Markey's net worth as of 2012 was estimated between $883,025 and $2,221,000. That averages to $1,552,012.50, which is lower than the average net worth of Democratic senators in 2012 of $13,566,333.[142] Between 2004 and 2012, Markey's calculated net worth[143] increased by an average of 5 percent per year. Between 2004 and 2012, the average annual percentage increase for a member of Congress was 15.4 percent.[144]

Ed Markey Yearly Net Worth

Year| Average Net Worth
2004| $1,096,325
2012| $1,552,012
Growth from 2004 to 2012:| 42%
Average annual growth:| 5%[145]
Comparatively, the American citizen experienced a median yearly decline in net worth of -0.94%.[146]
The data used to calculate changes in net worth may include changes resulting from assets gained through marriage, inheritance, changes in family estates and/or trusts, changes in family business ownership, and many other variables unrelated to a member's behavior in Congress.

### PGI: Donation Concentration Metric[edit]

See also: The Donation Concentration Metric (U.S. Congress Personal Gain Index)

Filings required by the Federal Election Commission report on the industries that give to each candidate. Using campaign filings and information calculated by OpenSecrets.org, Ballotpedia calculated the percentage of donations by industry received by each incumbent over the course of his or her career (or 1989 and later, if elected prior to 1988). Markey received the most donations from individuals and PACs employed by the Lawyers/Law Firms industry.

From 1989-2014, 30.06 percent of Markey's career contributions came from the top five industries as listed below.[147]

Edward Markey Campaign Contributions

Total Raised | $29,645,252
Total Spent | $26,111,014
Top five industries that contributed to campaign committee
Lawyers/Law Firms| $3,280,944
Securities & Investment| $1,754,156
TV/Movies/Music| $1,584,698
Lobbyists| $1,227,108
Real Estate| $1,063,234
% total in top industry| 11.07%
% total in top two industries| 16.98%
% total in top five industries| 30.06%

## Analysis[edit]

### Ideology and leadership[edit]

See also: GovTrack's Political Spectrum & Legislative Leadership ranking

Based on an analysis of bill sponsorship by GovTrack, Markey was a moderate Democratic leader as of July 22, 2014. This was the same rating Markey received in June 2013.[148]

### Like-minded colleagues[edit]

The website OpenCongress tracks the voting records of each member to determine with whom he or she votes most and least often. The results include a member from each party.[149]

Markey most often votes with:

* Richard Blumenthal
* Susan Collins

Markey least often votes with:

* Jim Matheson
* Jim Risch

|

### Lifetime voting record[edit]

See also: Lifetime voting records of United States Senators and Representatives

According to the website GovTrack, Markey missed 19 of 763 roll call votes from July 2013 to September 2015. This amounts to 2.5 percent, which is worse than the median of 1.6 percent among current senators as of September 2015.[150]

### Congressional staff salaries[edit]

See also: Staff salaries of United States Senators and Representatives

The website Legistorm compiles staff salary information for members of Congress. Markey paid his congressional staff a total of $1,229,246 in 2011. He ranked 4th on the list of the highest paid Democratic representative staff salaries and ranked 4th overall of the highest paid representative staff salaries in 2011. Overall, Massachusetts ranked 2nd in average salary for representative staff. The average U.S. House of Representatives congressional staff was paid $954,912.20 in fiscal year 2011.[151]

### National Journal vote ratings[edit]

See also: National Journal vote ratings

Each year, National Journal publishes an analysis of how liberally or conservatively each member of Congress voted, as compared to other members, in the previous year. More information about the analysis process can be found on the vote ratings page.

#### 2013[edit]

Markey was not ranked in 2013.[152]

#### 2012[edit]

According to the data released in 2013, Markey ranked 15th in the liberal rankings in 2012.[153]

#### 2011[edit]

According to the data released in 2012, Ed Markey ranked 41st in the liberal rankings in 2011.[154]

### Voting with party[edit]

The website OpenCongress tracks how often members of Congress vote with the majority of the chamber caucus.

#### 2014[edit]

Markey voted with the Democratic Party 90.3 percent of the time, which ranked 41st among the 45 Senate Democratic members as of July 2014.[155]

#### 2013[edit]

Markey voted with the Democratic Party 90.7 percent of the time, which ranked 154 among the 201 House Democratic members as of June 2013.[156]

## Notable endorsements[edit]

The following table shows a list of notable endorsements made by this individual or organization. The list includes presidential, congressional, gubernatorial, state legislative, and other notable candidates. If you are aware of endorsements that should be included, please email us.

Notable endorsements by Edward J. Markey

Endorsee | Party | Race
Elizabeth Warren source | Democratic Party | President of the United States (2020)
Hillary Clinton source | Democratic Party | President of the United States (2016)

## Personal[edit]

Note: Please contact us if the personal information below requires an update.
Markey is married to Dr. Susan Blumenthal.[157]

## See also[edit]

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## External links[edit]

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## Footnotes[edit]

1. ↑ Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "Edward John Markey," accessed December 2, 2011
2. ↑ Politico, "2012 Election Map, Massachusetts" accessed 2012
3. ↑ Parliamentarians for Nuclear-Nonproliferation and Disarmament, "Senator Ed Markey," accessed January 5, 2015
4. ↑ Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress, "Ed Markey," accessed February 5, 2015
5. ↑ United States Senate, "Committee Assignments of the 115th Congress," accessed January 19, 2017
6. ↑ United States Senate, "Committee Assignments," accessed February 4, 2015
7. ↑ CQ.com, "House Committee Rosters for the 113th Congress," accessed March 3, 2013
8. ↑ United States Senate, "Committee Assignments," accessed March 29, 2014
9. ↑ House Energy and Commerce Committee, "Subcommittees," accessed December 2, 2011 (dead link)
10. ↑ House Committee on Natural Resources, "Members," accessed December 2, 2011
11. ↑ "Masslive","5 Massachusetts Congressmen running unopposed in 2014 while challengers line up to take on US Rep. John Tierney", June 4, 2014
12. ↑ "http://cookpolitical.com/senate/charts/race-ratings","2014 SENATE RACE RATINGS FOR JULY 18, 2014", July 18, 2014
13. ↑ Boston Globe, "US Rep. Edward Markey to run in Senate special election," accessed December 27, 2012
14. ↑ Yahoo news, "Mo Cowan appointed interim U.S. senator for Massachusetts" accessed 2013
15. ↑ WCVB, "2013 U.S. Senate Special Election Results," accessed April 30, 2013
16. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `results`
17. ↑ Mass Live, "Democratic Senate candidate Ed Markey lands endorsement from AFSCME Council 93 union representing 35k Massachusetts employees," accessed February 23, 2013
18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Mass Live, "Markey Touts Support from 100 State Politicians," accessed April 28, 2013
19. ↑ Huffington Post, "Caroline Kennedy Endorses Ed Markey In Massachusetts Senate Race," accessed April 28, 2013
20. ↑ Boston Herald, "Redistricting throws U.S. Reps. Keating, Lynch into likely faceoff," accessed January 22, 2012
21. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010," accessed March 28, 2013
22. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 2008," accessed March 28, 2013
23. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2006," accessed March 28, 2013
24. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2004," accessed March 28, 2013
25. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 2002," accessed March 28, 2013
26. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2000," accessed March 28, 2013
27. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1998," accessed March 28, 2013
28. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 1996," accessed March 28, 2013
29. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 8, 1994," accessed March 28, 2013
30. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1992," accessed March 28, 2013
31. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 6, 1990," accessed March 28, 2013
32. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 8, 1988," accessed March 28, 2013
33. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 1986," accessed March 28, 2013
34. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 6, 1984," accessed March 28, 2013
35. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 1982," accessed March 28, 2013
36. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 1980," accessed March 28, 2013
37. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 1978," accessed March 28, 2013
38. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 1976," accessed March 28, 2013
39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Ed Markey for Congress, "Issues," August 13, 2012
40. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment with an Amendment)," December 18, 2018
41. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 2)," December 11, 2018
42. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Nomination (Confirmation Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," October 6, 2018
43. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture Re: Brett M. Kavanaugh to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," October 5, 2018
44. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 2, As Amended)," June 28, 2018
45. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1959)," February 15, 2018
46. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1958 As Modified)," February 15, 2018
47. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1948)," February 15, 2018
48. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1955)," February 15, 2018
49. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Motion to Proceed to the Consideration of S. 2311)," January 29, 2018
50. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Amendment (McConnell Amdt. No. 667)," July 28, 2017
51. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Amendment (Paul Amdt. No. 271 )," July 26, 2017
52. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Waive All Applicable Budgetary Discipline Re: Amdt. No. 270)," July 25, 2017
53. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion to Proceed (Motion to Proceed to H.R. 1628)," July 25, 2017
54. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," April 7, 2017
55. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Cloture Motion (Upon Reconsideration, Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Nomination of Neil M. Gorsuch of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," April 6, 2017
56. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Decision of the Chair (Shall the Decision of the Chair Stand as the Judgment of the Senate?)," April 6, 2017
57. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Nomination of Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," April 6, 2017
58. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 6157)," September 18, 2018
59. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 5895)," September 12, 2018
60. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H. R. 6157 As Amended)," August 23, 2018
61. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 5895 As Amended)," June 25, 2018
62. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1625)," March 23, 2018
63. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1892 with an Amendment (SA 1930))," February 9, 2018
64. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 695)," February 8, 2018
65. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment with Further Amendment)," January 22, 2018
66. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 195)," January 22, 2018
67. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 195)," January 19, 2018
68. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1370)," December 21, 2017
69. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion to Recede from the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1 and Concur with Further Amendment ," December 20, 2017
70. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Joint Resolution (H.J. Res. 123)," December 7, 2017
71. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 1 As Amended )," December 2, 2017
72. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Concurrent Resolution (H. Con. Res. 71 As Amended)," October 19, 2017
73. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amdt. to the Senate Amdt. with an Amdt. No. 808 to H.R. 601)," September 7, 2017
74. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 244)," May 4, 2017
75. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Joint Resolution (S.J. Res. 54, As Amended), December 13, 2018
76. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 2810 As Amended)," September 18, 2017
77. ↑ The Hill, "Senate sends $692B defense policy bill to Trump's desk," November 15, 2017
78. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 3364)," July 27, 2017
79. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (S. 722 As Amended)," June 15, 2017
80. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 113th Congress," accessed April 29, 2015
81. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 114th Congress," accessed January 5, 2017
82. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the One Hundred Fourteenth Congress," April 13, 2015
83. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1314," accessed May 25, 2015
84. ↑ Senate.gov, "H.R. 1314 (Ensuring Tax Exempt Organizations the Right to Appeal Act)," accessed May 25, 2015
85. ↑ Senate.gov, "Roll Call for HR 2146," June 24, 2015
86. ↑ The Hill, "Senate approves fast-track, sending trade bill to White House," June 24, 2015
87. ↑ The Hill, "Obama signs trade bills," June 29, 2015
88. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Con.Res.11," accessed May 5, 2015
89. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany S. Con. Res. 11)," accessed May 5, 2015
90. ↑ The Hill, "Republicans pass a budget, flexing power of majority," accessed May 5, 2015
91. ↑ The Hill, "Redone defense policy bill sails through House," accessed November 12, 2015
92. ↑ Congress.gov, "S. 1356," accessed November 12, 2015
93. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to S. 1356)," accessed November 12, 2015
94. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 618," accessed November 12, 2015
95. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture Re: Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 1735)," accessed October 6, 2015
96. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 239," accessed May 27, 2015
97. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R. 1735," accessed May 27, 2015
98. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1314 - Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015," accessed November 1, 2015
99. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1314)," accessed November 1, 2015
100. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 579," accessed November 1, 2015
101. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1191," accessed May 8, 2015
102. ↑ Senate.gov, "H.R. 1191," accessed May 8, 2015
103. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on McConnell Amdt. No. 2640 )," accessed September 10, 2015
104. ↑ Congress.gov, "HJ Res 61," accessed September 10, 2015
105. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on McConnell Amdt. No. 2640 )," accessed September 16, 2015
106. ↑ Congress.gov, "HJ Res 61," accessed September 10, 2015
107. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on McConnell Amdt. No. 2640 )," accessed September 17, 2015
108. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Amdt.2656 to S.Amdt.2640," accessed September 17, 2015
109. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on McConnell Amdt. No. 2656)," accessed September 17, 2015
110. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2048," accessed May 26, 2015
111. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 2048)," accessed June 2, 2015
112. ↑ Congress.gov, "S 754," accessed November 1, 2015
113. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (S. 754, As Amended)," accessed November 1, 2015
114. ↑ Congress.gov, "S 2146," accessed November 2, 2015
115. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Motion to Proceed to S. 2146)," accessed November 2, 2015
116. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 112th Congress," accessed September 5, 2013
117. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 113th Congress," accessed March 4, 2014
118. ↑ http://www.politico.com/story/2013/09/committee-mulls-syria-vote-delay-96260.html Politico, "Senate panel approves Syria measure," accessed September 5, 2013]
119. ↑ USA Today, "Senate committee approves Syria attack resolution," accessed September 5, 2013
120. ↑ 120.0 120.1 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `syriacommitteevote`
121. ↑ NPR, "The Senator Who Dodged The Syria Vote," accessed September 5, 2013
122. ↑ Politico, "How Senate Foreign Relations Committee members voted on Syria," accessed September 5, 2013
123. ↑ Senate.gov, "H.R. 2642 (Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2013 )," accessed February 12, 2014
124. ↑ 124.0 124.1 NY Times, "Senate Passes Long-Stalled Farm Bill, With Clear Winners and Losers," accessed February 12, 2014
125. ↑ 125.0 125.1 Politico, "Senate approves $1.1 trillion spending bill," accessed January 20, 2014
126. ↑ 126.0 126.1 126.2 U.S. Senate, "January 16 Vote," accessed January 20, 2014
127. ↑ Roll Call, "House Passes $1.1 Trillion Omnibus," accessed January 20, 2014
128. ↑ The Washington Post, "Reid, McConnell propose bipartisan Senate bill to end shutdown, extend borrowing," accessed October 16, 2013
129. ↑ Senate.gov, "H.R. 2775 As Amended," accessed October 31, 2013
130. ↑ The Library of Congress, "H.AMDT.136," accessed August 28, 2013
131. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "Representative Markey's Voting Records on Immigration," accessed October 17, 2013
132. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "Markey on abortion," accessed October 17, 2013
133. ↑ U.S. House, "Roll Call Vote on the Fiscal Cliff," accessed January 4, 2013
134. ↑ Boston Herald , "Warren confirms 2020 presidential bid," February 9, 2019
135. ↑ Mass Live , "US Sen. Ed Markey endorses Hillary Clinton for president in 2016," October 14, 2015
136. ↑ Open Secrets, "Ed Markey 2014 Election Cycle," accessed April 13, 2015
137. ↑ Open Secrets, "Winning vs. Spending," accessed April 13, 2015
138. ↑ Open Secrets, "Top Recipients of Lobbyists Cash in 2013," accessed July 3, 2013
139. ↑ 139.0 139.1 139.2 139.3 139.4 139.5 Seattle PI, "Democratic Rep. Markey raises $4.8M for Senate bid," accessed April 22, 2013
140. ↑ Open Secrets, " 2012 Re-Election Cycle," accessed February 15, 2013
141. ↑ Open Secrets, "Edward J. Markey 2010 Election Cycle," accessed December 2, 2011
142. ↑ OpenSecrets, "Markey, (D-MA), 2012," accessed February 18, 2014
143. ↑ This figure represents the average annual percentage growth from either 2004 (if the member entered office in 2004 or earlier) or their first year in office (as noted in the chart below) to 2012, divided by the number of years calculated.
144. ↑ This number was found by dividing each member's total net worth growth percentage by the number of years included in the calculation.
145. ↑ This figure represents the total percentage growth divided by the number of years for which there are net worth figures for each member.
146. ↑ This figure was calculated using median asset data from the Census Bureau. Please see the Congressional Net Worth data for Ballotpedia spreadsheet for more information on this calculation.
147. ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Sen. Ed Markey," accessed September 18, 2014
148. ↑ GovTrack, "Markey," accessed July 22, 2014
149. ↑ OpenCongress, "Ed Markey," accessed July 22, 2014
150. ↑ GovTrack, "Ed Markey," accessed Otober 15, 2015
151. ↑ html LegiStorm, "Ed Markey" accessed 2012
152. ↑ National Journal, "2013 Senate Vote Ratings," accessed July 22, 2014
153. ↑ National Journal, "TABLE: House Liberal Scores by Issue Area," accessed February 26, 2013
154. ↑ National Journal, "Searchable Vote Ratings Tables: House," accessed February 23, 2012
155. ↑ OpenCongress, "Voting With Party," accessed July 2014
156. ↑ OpenCongress, "Voting With Party," accessed July 2014
157. ↑ Official House website, "About Ed," accessed December 2, 2011

Political offices

Preceded by
Mo Cowan (D) | United States Senate \- Massachusetts
2013-Present  |  Succeeded by

Preceded by
Niki Tsongas | U.S. House of Representatives \- Massachusetts, 5th District
2013-2013  |  Succeeded by
Katherine Clark (D)
Preceded by
Torbert H. Macdonald | U.S. House of Representatives \- Massachusetts, 7th District
1976-2013  |  Succeeded by
Michael Capuano
Preceded by
'  | Massachusetts House of Representatives
1973-1976  |  Succeeded by

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Massachusetts' current delegation to the United States Congress

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Seth Moulton (D)

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