Myrtales

Short description: Order of flowering plants

Myrtales

Temporal range: Turonian \- recent[1]

PreЄ

Lumnitzera littorea
Scientific classification
Kingdom:  | Plantae
Clade:  | Tracheophytes
Clade:  | Angiosperms
Clade:  | Eudicots
Clade:  | Rosids
Clade:  | Malvids
Order:  | Myrtales
Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl[2]
Families

* Alzateaceae
* Combretaceae
* Crypteroniaceae
* Lythraceae
* Melastomataceae
* Myrtaceae
* Onagraceae
* Penaeaceae
* Vochysiaceae

Blue Eyes Fuchsia flower and buds, from order Myrtales and family Onagraceae

The Myrtales are an order of flowering plants placed as a sister to the eurosids II clade as of the publishing of the Eucalyptus grandis genome in June 2014.[3]

The APG III system of classification for angiosperms still places it within the eurosids. This finding is corroborated by the placement of the Myrtales in the Malvid clade by the One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative.[4] The following families are included as of APG III:[2]

* Alzateaceae S. A. Graham
* Combretaceae R. Br. (leadwood family)
* Crypteroniaceae A. DC.
* Lythraceae J. St.-Hil. (loosestrife and pomegranate family)
* Melastomataceae Juss. (including Memecylaceae DC.)
* Myrtaceae Juss. (myrtle family; including Heteropyxidaceae Engl. & Gilg, Psiloxylaceae Croizat)
* Onagraceae Juss. (evening primrose and Fuchsia family)
* Penaeaceae Sweet ex Guill. (including Oliniaceae Arn., Rhynchocalycaceae L. A. S. Johnson & B. G. Briggs)
* Vochysiaceae A. St.-Hil.

The Cronquist system gives essentially the same composition, except the Vochysiaceae are removed to the order Polygalales, and the Thymelaeaceae are included. The families Sonneratiaceae, Trapaceae, and Punicaceae are removed from the Lythraceae. In the classification system of Dahlgren the Myrtales were in the superorder Myrtiflorae (also called Myrtanae). The APG III system agrees with the older Cronquist circumscriptions of treating Psiloxylaceae and Heteropyxidaceae within Myrtaceae, and Memecyclaceae within Melastomataceae.

Ellagitannins are reported in dicotyledoneous angiosperms, and notably in species in the order Myrtales.[5]

## Contents

* 1 Origins
* 2 References
* 3 Further reading
* 4 External links

## Origins

Myrtales is dated to have begun 89–99 million years ago (mya) in Australasia. There is some contention as to that date however, which was obtained using nuclear DNA. When looking at chloroplast DNA, the myrtales ancestor is instead considered to have evolved in the mid-Cretaceous period (100 mya) in Southeast Africa, rather than in Australasia.[6] Although the APG system classifies myrtales as within the eurosids, the recently published genome of Eucalyptus grandis places the order myrtales as a sister to the eurosids rather than inside them. The discrepancy is thought to have arisen due to the difference between using numerous taxa versus using various genes for constructing a phylogeny.[3]

## References

1. ↑ "Myrtales". https://mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/myrtalesweb2.htm.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 (2): 105–121, doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "The genome of Eucalyptus grandis". Nature 510 (7505): 356–62. June 2014. doi:10.1038/nature13308. PMID 24919147. Bibcode: 2014Natur.510..356M. https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/5655667/file/5655749.pdf.
4. ↑ "One thousand plant transcriptomes and the phylogenomics of green plants". Nature 574 (7780): 679–685. October 2019. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1693-2. PMID 31645766.
5. ↑ "Structural features and biological properties of ellagitannins in some plant families of the order Myrtales". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 11 (1): 79–106. January 2010. doi:10.3390/ijms11010079. PMID 20162003.
6. ↑ "Progress in Myrtaceae genetics and genomics: Eucalyptus as the pivotal genus.". Tree Genetics & Genomes 8 (3): 463–508. June 2012. doi:10.1007/s11295-012-0491-x.

## Further reading

* "Early Tertiary out-of-India dispersal of Crypteroniaceae: evidence from phylogeny and molecular dating". Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution 56 (10): 1931–42. October 2002. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00119.x. PMID 12449480.
* "Molecular phylogeny and floral evolution of Penaeaceae, Oliniaceae, Rhynchocalycaceae, and Alzateaceae (Myrtales)". American Journal of Botany 90 (2): 293–309. February 2003. doi:10.3732/ajb.90.2.293. PMID 21659121.

## External links

Wikidata ☰ Q21866 entry

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