Long March 2F

Short description: Chinese rocket

Long March 2F

The Long March 2F rocket with Shenzhou 13 spacecraft mounted on the top

Function| Crew-rated orbital launch vehicle
Manufacturer| China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT)
Country of origin| China
Size
Height| 62 m (203 ft) [1]
Diameter| 3.35 m (11.0 ft) [1]
Mass| 464,000 kg (1,023,000 lb) [1]
Stages| 2
Capacity
Payload to LEO| 8,400 kg (18,500 lb) [1]
Associated rockets
Family| Long March 2
Launch history
Status| Active
Launch sites| Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
Total launches| 22
Successes| 22
First flight| 19 November 1999
Last flight| 14 December 2023
Notable payloads| Shenzhou
Tiangong-1
Tiangong-2
Reusable experimental spacecraft
Boosters
No. boosters| 4
Length| 15.3 m (50 ft)
Diameter| 2.3 m (7 ft 7 in)
Empty mass| 3,200 kg (7,100 lb)
Gross mass| 41,000 kg (90,000 lb)
Engines| 1 YF-20B per booster
Thrust| 814 kN (183,000 lbf)
Total thrust| 3,256 kN (732,000 lbf)
Specific impulse| 291 s (2.85 km/s)
Burn time| 128 seconds
Fuel| N2O4 / UDMH
First stage
Length| 23.7 m (78 ft)
Diameter| 3.4 m (11 ft)
Empty mass| 9,500 kg (20,900 lb)
Gross mass| 196,500 kg (433,200 lb)
Engines| 4 YF-20B
Thrust| 3,256 kN (732,000 lbf)
Specific impulse| 291 s (2.85 km/s)
Burn time| 166 seconds
Fuel| N2O4 / UDMH
Second stage
Length| 13.5 m (44 ft)
Diameter| 3.4 m (11 ft)
Empty mass| 5,500 kg (12,100 lb)
Gross mass| 91,500 kg (201,700 lb)
Engines| 1 YF-24B
Thrust| 831 kN (187,000 lbf)
Specific impulse| 289 s (2.83 km/s)
Burn time| 300 seconds
Fuel| N2O4 / UDMH

The Long March 2F (Chinese: 长征二号F火箭 Changzheng 2F), also known as the CZ-2F, LM-2F and Shenjian (神箭, "Divine Arrow"),[1] is a Chinese orbital carrier rocket, part of the Long March 2 rocket family. Designed to launch crewed Shenzhou spacecraft, the Long March 2F is a human-rated two-stage version of the Long March 2E rocket, which in turn was based on the Long March 2C launch vehicle.[2] It is launched from complex SLS at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. The Long March 2F made its maiden flight on 19 November 1999, with the Shenzhou 1 spacecraft. After the flight of Shenzhou 3, CPC General Secretary and President Jiang Zemin named the rocket "Shenjian", meaning "Divine Arrow".[3]

On 29 December 2002, a Long March 2F launched Shenzhou 4 for a final uncrewed test of the Shenzhou spacecraft for the upcoming flight of the first crewed mission. Until then, all missions were uncrewed.

On 15 October 2003, a Long March 2F launched Shenzhou 5, China's maiden crewed mission and achieved its first human spaceflight. Since then, the rocket has launched seventeen more missions into orbit with the latest being the third test flight of a reusable experimental spacecraft.[4][5][6][7]

## Contents

* 1 Differences from the Long March 2E
* 2 Derivatives
* 3 Vibration issues
* 4 Launch statistics
* 5 List of launches
* 6 References

## Differences from the Long March 2E

Externally, the rocket is similar to the Long March 2E from which it was derived. Most of the changes involve the addition of redundant systems to improve safety, although there are some structural modifications that allow the rocket to support the heavier fairing required by the Shenzhou capsule. The rocket is also capable of lifting heavier payloads with the addition of extra boosters to the first stage.[8]

The rocket also has an "advanced fault monitoring and diagnosis system to help the astronauts escape in time of emergency" (in other words, a launch escape system), and is the first Chinese made rocket to be assembled and rolled out to its launch site vertically.[9]

## Derivatives

A derivative called Long March 2F/G, first launched in 2011, was made to replace the existing 2F variant. For uncrewed launches, Long March 2F/T was designed, which launched space laboratories such as Tiangong-1 and Tiangong-2. It dispenses with the launch escape system and supports a larger fairing to accommodate the bulkier payloads.[10] For launching payloads like reusable experimental spacecraft, this Long March 2F/G needs to add four? 3,600 m2 (39,000 sq ft) ?? cusps on its fairing to accommodate the payload (as seen in post launch fairings), developing thoughts that the spacecraft resembles US Boeing X37-B.[11][12][13]

## Vibration issues

During the Shenzhou 5 flight, Yang Liwei became unwell due to heavy vibrations from the rocket. Although the problem was reduced somewhat by modifications to the rocket, vibrations were reported again in Shenzhou 6 necessitating further changes. According to Jing Muchun, chief designer of the Long March 2F "We made changes to the pipelines of the rocket engine, adjusting its frequency. A new design for the pressure accumulator produced evident results. The vibration has now been reduced by more than 50%".[14] During the launch preparations for the Shenzhou 14 mission chief designer Gao Xu said incremental improvements made to the rocket's design mean vibrations felt by the taikonauts would be similar to that felt in a car driven on a highway.[15]

The predecessor Long March 2E had also been known for vibration. During two launches, excessive vibration caused the collapse of the payload fairing, destroying the Optus B2 and Apstar 2 satellites.[16] After the payload fairing was redesigned, excessive vibration also damaged the AsiaSat 2 satellite during launch. After its successful launch of the Echostar 1 satellite on 28 December 1995 the rocket was officially retired from service.[17]

* Long March 2F rocket schematics

* The Long March 2F rocket with folded grid fins carrying Shenzhou 12 mission spacecraft, inscribed with "Divine Arrow" (神箭) in Chinese

* Launch of Shenzhou 13

* Shenzhou 15 before liftoff

* Rendering of Long March 2F/G

* Rendering of Long March 2F/T

## Launch statistics

Script error: No such module "Chart".

## List of launches

Main page: Engineering:List of Long March launches
Flight number  | Serial number  | Date (UTC)  | Launch site  | Payload  | Orbit  | Crew  | Result  | Remarks

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1  | Y1  | 19 November 1999
22:30  | LA-4/SLS-1, JSLC  | Shenzhou 1  | LEO | N/A  | Success  | First uncrewed test of the Shenzhou spacecraft
2  | Y2  | 9 January 2001
17:00  | LA-4/SLS-1, JSLC  | Shenzhou 2  | LEO | N/A  | Success  | Second uncrewed test of the Shenzhou spacecraft, carried live animals.
3  | Y3  | 25 March 2002
14:15  | LA-4/SLS-1, JSLC  | Shenzhou 3  | LEO | N/A  | Success  | Third uncrewed test of the Shenzhou spacecraft.
4  | Y4  | 29 December 2002
16:40  | LA-4/SLS-1, JSLC  | Shenzhou 4  | LEO | N/A  | Success  | Final uncrewed test of the Shenzhou spacecraft prior to flying with crew.
5  | Y5  | 15 October 2003
01:00  | LA-4/SLS-1, JSLC  | Shenzhou 5 | LEO |  Yang Liwei  | Success  | China's first crewed spaceflight.
6  | Y6  | 12 October 2005
01:00  | LA-4/SLS-1, JSLC  | Shenzhou 6 | LEO |  Fei Junlong
Nie Haisheng  | Success  | Second crewed spaceflight, first with two astronauts.
7  | Y7  | 25 September 2008
13:10  | LA-4/SLS-1, JSLC  | Shenzhou 7 | LEO |  Zhai Zhigang
Liu Boming
Jing Haipeng  | Success  | First flight with three crew members, first to feature extravehicular activity.
8  | T1  | 29 September 2011
13:16  | LA-4/SLS-1, JSLC  | Tiangong 1  | LEO | N/A  | Success  | The first Chinese space station. Modified version Long March 2F/G with larger payload fairing.[10]
9  | Y8  | 31 October 2011
21:58  | LA-4/SLS-1, JSLC  | Shenzhou 8  | LEO | N/A  | Success  | Uncrewed spaceflight to test automatic rendezvous and docking with Tiangong-1
10  | Y9  | 16 June 2012
10:37  | LA-4/SLS-1, JSLC  | Shenzhou 9 | LEO |  Jing Haipeng
Liu Wang
Liu Yang  | Success  | Three crew members, to test rendezvous and docking with Tiangong-1.
11  | Y10  | 11 June 2013
09:38  | LA-4/SLS-1, JSLC  | Shenzhou 10 | LEO |  Nie Haisheng
Zhang Xiaoguang
Wang Yaping  | Success  | Three crew members; rendezvous and docking with Tiangong-1.
12  | T2  | 15 September 2016
14:04  | LA-4/SLS-1, JSLC  | Tiangong 2  | LEO | N/A  | Success  | Second Chinese space laboratory Tiangong-2, launched by 2F/G variant.
13  | Y11  | 16 October 2016
23:30  | LA-4/SLS-1, JSLC  | Shenzhou 11 | LEO |  Jing Haipeng
Chen Dong  | Success  | Two crew members;[18] rendezvous and docking with Tiangong-2 for a 30-day mission.
14  | T3  | 4 September 2020
07:30  | LA-4/SLS-1, JSLC  | Reusable Experimental Spacecraft[19] | LEO | N/A  | Success  | Test flight of a reusable experimental spacecraft.[19][20]
15  | Y12  | 17 June 2021
01:22  | LA-4/SLS-1, JSLC  | Shenzhou 12 | LEO |  Nie Haisheng
Liu Boming
Tang Hongbo  | Success  | Three crew members; first visit to Tianhe, the first module of the Chinese Space Station, for a three-month mission.
16  | Y13  | 15 October 2021
16:23  | LA-4/SLS-1, JSLC  | Shenzhou 13 | LEO |  Zhai Zhigang
Wang Yaping
Ye Guangfu  | Success  | Three crew members; visited Tianhe to continue construction of the space station for a six-month mission.[21]
17  | Y14  | 5 June 2022
02:44  | LA-4/SLS-1, JSLC  | Shenzhou 14 | LEO |  Chen Dong
Liu Yang
Cai Xuzhe  | Success  | Three crew members; rendezvous and docking with the Chinese space station for a six-month mission.[22]
18  | T4  | 4 August 2022
16:00  | LA-4/SLS-1, JSLC  | Reusable Experimental Spacecraft | LEO | N/A  | Success  | Second test flight of a reusable experimental spacecraft.[23][24]
19  | Y15  | 29 November 2022
15:08  | LA-4/SLS-1, JSLC  | Shenzhou 15 | LEO |  Fei Junlong
Deng Qingming
Zhang Lu  | Success  | Three crew members; rendezvous and docking with the Chinese space station for a six-month mission.[25]
20  | Y16  | 30 May 2023
01:31  | LA-4/SLS-1, JSLC  | Shenzhou 16 | LEO |  Jing Haipeng
Zhu Yangzhu
Gui Haichao  | Success  | Three crew members; rendezvous and docking with the Chinese space station for a six-month mission.
21  | Y17  | 26 October 2023
03:13  | LA-4/SLS-1, JSLC  | Shenzhou 17 | LEO |  Tang Hongbo
Tang Shengjie
Jiang Xinlin  | Success  | Three crew members; rendezvous and docking with the Chinese space station for a six-month mission.
22  | T5  | 14 December 2023
14:12  | LA-4/SLS-1, JSLC  | Reusable Experimental Spacecraft | LEO | N/A  | Success  | Third test flight of a reusable experimental spacecraft.[26]
23  | Y18  | April 2024  | LA-4/SLS-1, JSLC  | Shenzhou 18 | LEO |  TBA
TBA
TBA  | Planned  | Three crew members; rendezvous and docking with the Chinese space station for a six-month mission.
24  | Y19  | October 2024  | LA-4/SLS-1, JSLC  | Shenzhou 19  | LEO |  TBA
TBA
TBA  | Planned  | Three crew members; rendezvous and docking with the Chinese space station for a six-month mission.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Mark Wade. "CZ-2F". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/cz2f.htm.
2. ↑ "LM-2F - Launch Vehicle". CGWIC. http://www.cgwic.com/launchservices/launchvehicle/lm2f.html.
3. ↑ "CZ". Astronautix.com. http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/cz.htm.
4. ↑ 刘光博, ed (2022-08-05). "我国成功发射可重复使用试验航天器" (in zh). https://news.sina.com.cn/o/2022-08-05/doc-imizirav6807770.shtml#/.
5. ↑ "China launches 3 astronauts to oversee construction of new Tiangong space station". Space.com. 5 June 2022. https://www.space.com/china-shenzhou-14-mission-launch-success.
6. ↑ "Shenzhou 13 astronauts begin China's longest mission ever at space station module (video)". Space.com. 17 October 2021. https://www.space.com/china-shenzhou-13-astronauts-begin-space-station-work.
7. ↑ "China to launch Shenzhou 7 spacecraft on Thursday". English Xinhua. 2008-09-24. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-09/24/content_10102808.htm.
8. ↑ "Long March 2F - Summary". 1999-11-20. http://www.spaceandtech.com/spacedata/elvs/longmarch2f_sum.shtml.
9. ↑ "ChangZheng 2F (Long March 2F) Space Launch Vehicle". 2007-05-14. http://www.sinodefence.com/strategic/launchvehicle/cz2f.asp.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Jones, Morris (2016-01-27). "Last Launch for Long March 2F/G". Space Daily. http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Last_Launch_for_Long_March2FG_999.html. "The principal difference between the Shenzhou-launching Long March 2F and its 2F/G cousin is easy to spot. The 2F/G carries a very different payload fairing at its top. This accounts. for the larger dimensions of the Tiangong laboratory, which wouldn't fit inside the standard payload fairing for the 2F.
It also lacks an emergency escape system. With no astronauts on board, the escape rocket and stabilizer panels that help Shenzhou spacecraft to separate from their rocket in a launch failure are not needed. This simplifies the design and also reduces the weight of the rocket. That's critical. Tiangong modules weigh more than Shenzhou spacecraft, so this helps to keep the overall launch mass within performance limits."
11. ↑ @CNSAWatcher. "Fairing of CZ2F rocket which launched CSSHQ on Aug 5 being openly exhibited in Henan Jiyuan No.1 middle school. If the bumps are spare spaces for wings, CSSHQ’s wingspan could be larger than fairing’s diameter 4.2m.". https://twitter.com/CNSAWatcher/status/1558709527930818560. Missing or empty `|date=` (help)
12. ↑ @Kedrskie. "ミニシャトルを載せてたんでないかと噂されている、8/5に打ち上げられた長征2号F/T。そのフェアリングに大きな張り出しが設けられていて、シャトルの翼端を納める為のものでは？というツイート。張り出しの裏側が見えるコマを切り出して明度を上げると、確かに内側は空洞になってる。" (in ja). https://twitter.com/Kedrskie/status/1558794449379291138. Missing or empty `|date=` (help)
13. ↑ @CNSpaceflight. "The leaked footage of #CZ2F fairing suggests the Chinese reusable spaceplane may be X-37B alike. 👇Here are some dimensions overlay (each floor brick measures ~600x600mm). The distance & angle between wings and tail fins "exactly" match that of X-37B. The fairing measures 4.2m...". https://twitter.com/CNSpaceflight/status/1558812459544129536. Missing or empty `|date=` (help)
14. ↑ "New mission for CZ-2F rocket". 2008-09-25. https://www.cctv.com/english/20080925/105699.shtml.
15. ↑ "Improvements make Shenzhou-14 spaceship safer and more comfortable". 5 June 2022. https://newsexplorer.net/improvements-make-shenzhou-14-spaceship-safer-and-more-comfortable-s1748805.html.
16. ↑ Zinger, Kurtis J. (2014). "An Overreaction that Destroyed an Industry: The Past, Present, and Future of U.S. Satellite Export Controls". University of Colorado Law Review 86 (1). http://lawreview.colorado.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/13.-86.1-Zinger_Final.pdf.
17. ↑ Harvey, Brian (2013). CZ-2E Space Launch Vehicle. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5043-6. ISBN 978-1-4614-5042-9. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4614-5043-6.
18. ↑ Huang, Jin (8 March 2016). "Why will Shenzhou-11 carry only two astronauts to space?". People's Daily Online. http://en.people.cn/n3/2016/0308/c98649-9026759.html.
19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "我国成功发射可重复使用试验航天器". Xinhuanet. September 4, 2020. http://www.xinhuanet.com/tech/2020-09/04/c_1126453484.htm.
20. ↑ "Experimental spaceplane - CZ-2F - Jiuquan LC43/91 - Sept. 4 2020 (~07:30 UTC)". https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=50274.msg2079224#new.
21. ↑ Davenport, Justin (15 October 2021). "Shenzhou 13 launch first long-duration Chinese Space Station crew". NASASpaceFlight.com. https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/10/shenzhou-13-launch/.
22. ↑ "长征二号F • 神舟十四号载人飞船（2022年待定）" (in zh). spaceflightfans.cn. 21 April 2021. http://www.spaceflightfans.cn/event/cz-2f-shenzhou-14.
23. ↑ "Experimental spaceplane (F2) - CZ-2F/T4 - JSLC LC43/91 - 4 Aug 2022 ~16:00 UTC". https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=53462.0.
24. ↑ "我国成功发射可重复使用试验航天器". https://news.sina.com.cn/o/2022-08-05/doc-imizirav6807770.shtml#/.
25. ↑ "长征二号F • 神舟十五号载人飞船（2022年待定）" (in zh). spaceflightfans.cn. 21 April 2021. http://www.spaceflightfans.cn/event/cz-2f-shenzhou-15.
26. ↑ "China launches mystery reusable spaceplane for third time" (in en). 14 December 2023. https://spacenews.com/china-launches-mystery-reusable-spaceplane-for-third-time/.

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* Symbol † indicates projects terminated before a successful orbital launch

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| Spaceports and landing sites|

* Jiuquan
* Taiyuan
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|

Launch vehicles|

* Long March 2
* Long March 3
* Long March 4
* Long March 5
* Long March 6
* Long March 7
* Long March 11
* Kuaizhou
* Kaituozhe

Exploration programs|

* Shuguang (cancelled)
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Projects and missions

Science|

| Planetary science|

* Chang'e 1 (2007–09)
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* List of Chinese astronauts
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Long March (rocket family)

Rockets|

* Feng Bao 1
* Long March 1
* 1D
* Long March 2
* 2A
* 2C
* 2D
* 2E
* 2F
* Long March 3
* 3A
* 3B
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* 3C
* Long March 4
* 4A
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* 4C
* Long March 5
* 5B
* Long March 6
* Long March 7
* 7A
* Long March 8
* Long March 9
* Long March 11

Launch sites|

* Jiuquan
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Manufacturers|

* China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology
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Designers|

Wang Xiji

* List of Long March launches

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