Southern Altai language

Short description: Kipchak Turkic language of the Altai Republic, Russia

Southern Altai

Oirot, Oyrot (before 1948)
тÿштÿк алтай тил, tüştük altay til

Southern Altai written in Cyrillic and Latin scripts

Native to| Russia
Region| Altai Republic

Native speakers

| 68,700 (2020)[1]

Language family

Turkic

* Common Turkic
* Kipchak
* Kyrgyz–Kipchak[2][3][4]
* Southern Altai

Writing system

| Cyrillic
Language codes
ISO 639-1| `alt`
ISO 639-3| `alt`
Glottolog| `sout2694`[5]

Southern Altai (also known as Oirot, Oyrot, Altai and Altai proper) is a Turkic language spoken in the Altai Republic, a federal subject of Russia located in Southern Siberia on the border with Mongolia and China . The language has some mutual intelligibility with the Northern Altai language, leading to the two being traditionally considered as a single language. According to modern classifications—at least since the middle of the 20th century—they are considered to be two separate languages.[6]

File:WIKITONGUES- Dmitry speaking Altai.webm Written Altai is based on Southern Altai. According to some reports, however, it is rejected by Northern Altai children. Dialects include Altai Proper and Talangit.[7]

## Contents

* 1 Classification
* 2 Geographic distribution
* 2.1 Dialects
* 3 Phonology
* 3.1 Vowels
* 3.2 Consonants
* 4 Writing system
* 5 References
* 6 External links

## Classification

Southern Altai is a member of the Turkic language family. Within this family, there have been various attempts to classify Altai, and not all of them agree as to its position as it has a number of ambiguous characteristics.[8] Due to certain similarities with Kyrgyz, some scholars group Altai with the Kyrgyz–Kipchak subgroup of the Kypchak languages.[2][3][9]

## Geographic distribution

Southern Altai is primarily spoken in the Altai Republic, where it has official status alongside Russian.

### Dialects

Baskakov identifies three dialects of Southern Altai, some of which have distinctive sub-varieties:[2]

* Altai
* Maima (sub-variety)
* Telengit
* Telengit-Teles
* Chui
* Teleut

Some sources consider Telengit and Teleut to be distinct languages.[10][11]

## Phonology

Southern Altai has 8 vowels, which may be long or short, and 20 consonants, plus marginal consonants that occur only in loan words.[12]

### Vowels

Southern Altai vowels  | Front  | Back

|
|

High  | i y | ɯ u
Low  | e ø | a o

### Consonants

Southern Altai consonants  | Labial  | Alveolar  | Post-alveloar  | Velar  | Uvular

|
|
|
|
|

Plosive  | p b | t d | tʃ ɟ | k ɡ | q
Affricate  |  | (ts)  |  |
Fricative  | f v | s z | ʃ ʒ | (x)  ɣ
Nasal  | m | n |  | ŋ
Trill  |  | r |  |  |
Approximant  |  | l | j |  |

Phonemes in parentheses occur only in Russian loanwords.

## Writing system

Southern Altai employs a version of the Cyrillic alphabet with additional characters to represent sounds not found in Russian.[13]

А а  | Б б  | В в  | Г г  | Д д  | Ј ј  | Е е

|
|
|
|
|
|

Ё ё  | Ж ж  | З з  | И и  | Й й  | К к  | Л л
М м  | Н н  | Ҥ ҥ  | О о  | Ӧ ӧ  | П п  | Р р
С с  | Т т  | У у  | Ӱ ӱ  | Ф ф  | Х х  | Ц ц
Ч ч  | Ш ш  | Щ щ  | Ъ ъ  | Ы ы  | Ь ь  | Э э

## References

1. ↑ "Информационные материалы об окончательных итогах Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года". Russian Federal State Statistics Service. 2010. https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab6_VPN-2020.xlsx.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Baskakov, N. A. (1958). "La Classification des Dialectes de la Langue Turque d'Altaï" (in fr). Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 8: 9–15. ISSN 0001-6446.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kormushin, I. V. (2018). "Алтайский язык". Большая российская энциклопедия/Great Russian Encyclopedia Online. https://bigenc.ru/linguistics/text/5199785.
4. ↑ Tekin, Tâlat (January 1989). "A New Classification of the Chuvash-Turkic Languages". Erdem 5 (13): 129–139. doi:10.32704/erdem.1989.13.129. ISSN 1010-867X. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/erdem/issue/44535/552413.
5. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Southern Altai". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/sout2694.
6. ↑ Nikolay Baskakov (1958). The Altai language. Moscow: Nauka.
7. ↑ Raymond G. Gordon, Jr, ed. 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 15th edition. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
8. ↑ Schönig, Claus (1997). "A new attempt to classify the Turkic languages (1)". Turkic Languages 1: 117–133.
9. ↑ Schönig, Claus (2007). "Some notes on Modern Kipchak Turkic (Part 1)". Ural-altaische Jahrbücher 21: 170–202.
10. ↑ "Telengitsky yazyk | Malye yazyki Rossii". https://minlang.iling-ran.ru/lang/telengitskiy-yazyk.
11. ↑ "Teleutsky yazyk | Malye yazyki Rossii". https://minlang.iling-ran.ru/lang/teleutskiy-yazyk.
12. ↑ Baskakov, N.A. (1997). "Altaysky yazyk". in Institut Jazykoznanija. Tyurkskie yazyki. Jazyki mira / Rossijskaja Akademija Nauk, Institut Jazykoznanija. [Glav. red. koll.: V. N. Jarceva (otv. red.) ...]. Biškek: Kyrgyzstan. ISBN 978-5-655-01214-1. OCLC 42579926.
13. ↑ Russko-altaysky slovar. Tom 1: A-O. Gorno-Altaysk: Nauchno-issledovatelsky institut altaistiki im. S.S. Surazakova. 2015. ISBN 978-5-903693-23-8.

## External links

* Ethnologue entry for Southern Altai

|  алтай тил edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

|

* v
* t
* e

Turkic languages

Proto-language|

* Proto-Turkic

Common Turkic|

| Arghu|

* Khalaj

|

Karluk|

* Äynu1
* Ili Turki
* Uyghur
* Uzbek
* Extinct
* Middle Turkic
* Khorezmian
* Chagatai

Kipchak|

| Ponto-Caspian|

* Crimean Tatar
* Karachay-Balkar
* Karaim
* Krymchak
* Kumyk
* Urum
* Extinct
* Kipchak
* Cuman

|

Aralo-Caspian|

* Siberian Tatar
* Karakalpak
* Kazakh
* Kyrgyz
* Nogai
* Extinct
* Fergana Kipchak

Uralo-Caspian|

* Bashkir
* Tatar
* Extinct
* Old Tatar

Oghuz|

* Azerbaijani
* Gagauz
* Khorasani Turkic
* Qashqai
* Rumelian Turkish
* Salar
* Turkish
* Turkmen
* Extinct
* Pecheneg2
* Old Anatolian Turkish
* Ottoman Turkish

Siberian|

* Altai
* Chulym
* Dolgan
* Khakas
* Shor
* Tofa
* Tuvan
* Yakut
* Western Yugur2
* Extinct
* Orkhon Turkic
* Old Turkic
* Old Uyghur
* Fuyu Girgis
* Dukhan

Oghur|

* Chuvash
* Extinct
* Khazar2
* Bulgar

* 1 Mixed language.
* 2 Classification disputed.

* v
* t
* e

Languages of Russia

Federal language|

* Russian

State languages of federal subjects|

* Abaza
* Adyghe
* Aghul
* Altai
* Southern Altai
* Avar
* Azerbaijani
* Bashkir
* Buryat
* Chechen
* Chuvash
* Crimean Tatar
* Dargwa
* Erzya
* Ingush
* Kabardian
* Kalmyk
* Karachay-Balkar
* Khakas
* Komi
* Kumyk
* Lak
* Lezgian
* Mari
* Hill
* Meadow
* Moksha
* Nogai
* Ossetian
* Rutul
* Sakha
* Tabasaran
* Tat
* Tatar
* Tsakhur
* Tuvan
* Ukrainian
* Udmurt

Languages with official status|

* Chukchi
* Dolgan
* Even
* Evenki
* Finnish
* Karelian
* Kazakh
* Khanty
* Komi-Permyak
* Mansi
* Nenets
* Selkup
* Veps
* Yukaghir

Scripts|

* Cyrillic
* Cyrillic Braille

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