Fagales

Short description: Order of flowering plants

Fagales

Temporal range: Late Cretaceous–Recent

PreЄ

Fagus sylvatica
Scientific classification
Kingdom:  | Plantae
Clade:  | Tracheophytes
Clade:  | Angiosperms
Clade:  | Eudicots
Clade:  | Rosids
Clade:  | Fabids
Order:  | Fagales
Engl.[1]
Families

* Betulaceae
* Casuarinaceae
* Fagaceae
* Juglandaceae
* Myricaceae
* Nothofagaceae
* Ticodendraceae

Synonyms

* Betulales Martius
* Carpinales Döll
* Casuarinales Berchtold & J. Presl
* Casuarinanae Reveal & Doweld
* Corylales Dumortier
* Faganae Takhtajan
* Juglandales Berchtold & J. Presl
* Juglandanae Reveal
* Juglandineae Thorne & Reveal
* Myricales Martius
* Myricineae Thorne & Reveal
* Nothofagales Doweld
* Quercales Burnett
* Rhoipteleales Reveal

The Fagales are an order of flowering plants, including some of the best-known trees. The order name is derived from genus Fagus, beeches. They belong among the rosid group of dicotyledons. The families and genera currently included are as follows:

* Betulaceae – birch family (Alnus, Betula, Carpinus, Corylus, Ostrya, and Ostryopsis)
* Casuarinaceae – she-oak family (Allocasuarina, Casuarina, Ceuthostoma, and Gymnostoma)
* Fagaceae – beech family (Castanea, Castanopsis, Chrysolepis, Fagus, Lithocarpus, Notholithocarpus, Quercus, and Trigonobalanus)
* Juglandaceae – walnut family (Alfaroa, Carya, Cyclocarya, Engelhardia, Juglans, Oreomunnea, Platycarya, Pterocarya, and Rhoiptelea)
* Myricaceae – bayberry family (Canacomyrica, Comptonia, and Myrica)
* Nothofagaceae – southern beech family (Nothofagus)
* Ticodendraceae – ticodendron family (Ticodendron)

The older Cronquist system only included four families (Betulaceae, Corylaceae, Fagaceae, Ticodendraceae; Corylaceae now being included within Betulaceae); this arrangement is followed by, for example, the World Checklist of selected plant families.[2] The other families were split into three different orders, placed among the Hamamelidae. The Casuarinales comprised the single family Casuarinaceae, the Juglandales comprised the Juglandaceae and Rhoipteleaceae, and the Myricales comprised the remaining forms (plus Balanops). The change is due to studies suggesting the Myricales, so defined, are paraphyletic to the other two groups.

## Contents

* 1 Characteristics
* 2 Evolutionary history
* 3 Systematics
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## Characteristics

Most Fagales are wind pollinated and are monoecious with unisexual flowers.[3]

## Evolutionary history

The oldest member of the order is the flower Soepadmoa cupulata preserved in the late Turonian-Coniacian New Jersey amber, which is a mosaic with characteristics characteristic of both Nothofagus and other Fagales, suggesting that the ancestor of all Fagales was Nothofagus-like.[3]

## Systematics

Modern molecular phylogenetics suggest the following relationships:[1][citation needed]

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Cucurbitales (outgroup)

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Fagales  |  |  |

Nothofagaceae

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Fagaceae

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Myricaceae

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Juglandaceae

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Ticodendraceae

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Betulaceae

Casuarinaceae

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.
2. ↑ "Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: Databases and Publications". http://www.kew.org/wcb/aboutfag.html.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Gandolfo, Maria A.; Nixon, Kevin C.; Crepet, William L.; Grimaldi, David A. (August 2018). "A late Cretaceous fagalean inflorescence preserved in amber from New Jersey" (in en). American Journal of Botany 105 (8): 1424–1435. doi:10.1002/ajb2.1103. PMID 29901855.

## External links

* Missouri Botanical Gardens - Fagales

Wikidata ☰ Q21881 entry

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