Tajikistan

Tajikistan, also known as the Republic of Tajikistan, is a republic located in Central Asia that is completely surrounded by land. There is an estimated population of 9,749,625 people living inside its 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi) of land area. Dushanbe serves as both the nation's capital and its biggest city. The Wakhan Corridor in Afghanistan sits between it and Pakistan, creating a thin barrier between the two countries. The region that is now known as Tajikistan, as well as some portions of Afghanistan and Uzbekistan, are considered to be the Tajik people's ancestral territories.

The land that is now Tajikistan was once home to a number of different ancient cultures, including the Neolithic and Bronze Age city of Sarazm. Subsequently, the land was home to kingdoms ruled by people of various religions and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, the Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism, and Islam. Empires and dynasties as diverse as the Achaemenid Empire, the Sasanian Empire, the Hephthalite Empire, the Samanid Empire, and the Mongol Empire have all held sway over this region at various points in history. The Timurid Empire and the Khanate of Bukhara were responsible for the flourishing of the Timurid Renaissance under their dominion. After some time, the territory fell under the control of the Russian Empire, which was eventually succeeded by the Soviet Union. The existing boundaries of the nation were established inside the Soviet Union when it was still a part of Uzbekistan and functioning as an independent republic prior to becoming a fully-fledged Soviet republic in the year 1929.

During the time when the Soviet Union was falling apart, Tajikistan made the decision to proclaim itself an independent and sovereign republic on September 9th, 1991. Almost soon after the country gained its independence, there was a civil war that lasted from 1992 to 1997. Since the war's conclusion, the country's economy has been able to expand thanks to newly formed political stability as well as help from other countries. Since 1994, President Emomali Rahmon has been in power in this nation, and his system is characterised by a high degree of authoritarianism. Corruption is rampant, and there is widespread abuse of human rights, including the use of torture and arbitrary detention, a deepening of political repression, and a lack of religious freedom and other civil freedoms.

The nation of Tajikistan is a presidential republic that is made up of four different provinces. The Tajik people make up the majority of the population in Tajikistan; as a result, the Tajik language is the primary official language of the country. Along with Afghanistan and Iran, Tajikistan is considered to be one of the three nations in the world that speak the Persian language. The official language spoken amongst different ethnic groups is Russian. 98% of the population professes to follow Islam, despite the fact that the constitution of the state makes it a secular state. Rushani, Shughni, Ishkashimi, Wakhi, and Tajik are only some of the languages that are spoken in the Gorno-Badakhshan oblast, despite the region only having a very small population. Other languages spoken there include Wakhi. More than 90 percent of the nation is made up of mountain ranges. It is a developing nation with an economy that is in transition and is largely reliant on remittances, cotton cultivation, and the manufacturing of aluminium. Tajikistan is a participant in the Partnership for Peace programme of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in addition to being a member of the United Nations, CIS, OSCE, OIC, ECO, and CSTO.