2022 European Space Agency Astronaut Group

Short description: Human spaceflight selection

Template:Infobox NASA Astronaut Group The 2022 European Space Agency Astronaut Group is the latest class of the European Astronaut Corps. The selection recruited five "career" astronauts, 11 "reserve" and one "astronaut with a physical disability".[1] They are the fourth European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut class to be recruited, and the first since 2008.[2] Basic training for the career group began in April 2023.[3]

The selected corps joined the continuing corps of ESA astronauts, those selected in 2009, to perform long-duration spaceflight missions aboard the International Space Station, and "...will form part of the crew for the next missions to the moon in the late 2020s and through the 2030s"[4] – as part of the Artemis program.[5]

## Contents

* 1 Group members
* 2 Recruitment
* 2.1 Criteria
* 2.2 Applicants
* 2.3 Selection process
* 3 See also
* 4 Notes
* 5 References
* 6 External links

## Group members

Announcement of ESA's new class of astronauts[6]|right|thumb|alt=stage with curtain and two presenters, once the curtain is raised people behind are standing spread out across two rows and are called upon individually to come forward to the front]] The announcement of the selected candidates took place in Paris on November 23 at the Grand Palais Éphémère, at the conclusion of the 2022 ESA Ministerial Council meeting.[7]

Along with the five selected "career astronauts", the campaign recruited a "reserve pool" of astronauts who "...will not be permanent ESA staff, but could have the opportunity to be selected for specific projects, as project astronauts."[2] The campaign also recruited people with a physical disability through the "parastronaut feasibility project" with the intention, but not guarantee, of spaceflight.[8][9][5]

* Career astronauts
* Sophie Adenot
Helicopter test pilot[10]

* Pablo Álvarez Fernández
Aeronautical engineer[11]

* Rosemary Coogan
Astrophysicist[12]

* Raphaël Liégeois
Neuroscientist[13]

* Marco Alain Sieber
Paratrooper and anaesthesiologist[14]

* Marcus Wandt
Test pilot[15]

Parastronaut

* John McFall Orthopaedic surgeon[16]

Reserves

Former reserves

* Marcus Wandt Test pilot[27]

## Recruitment

Template:External video

The recruitment campaign was announced at press conferences in February 2021.[28] Applications for the roles of "astronaut" and "astronaut (with a physical disability)" in the ESA Directorate of Human and Robotic Exploration Programmes were accepted between 31 March and 18 June of that year[29][30] and over 22 thousand applications were received.[31] The original deadline of May 28 was extended by three weeks due to Lithuania joining ESA as an associate-member of ESA, and its citizens therefore becoming eligible to apply, only a week before the original deadline.[32]

### Criteria

Recruits could be a citizen of any ESA member or associate-member state.[note 1] Women were particularly encouraged to apply — in order to address the gender gap among astronauts[33] — as under 16% of applicants in the previous recruitment campaign were women.[8][34]

The minimum formal criteria included: being a citizen of an ESA member (or associate member) state under the age of 50; being between 150 and 190 cm tall (with possible exception under the parastronaut category); a "normal weight" BMI range; fluency in English and another language; a master's degree in the Natural Sciences, Medicine, Engineering, Mathematics/Computer Sciences (plus three years of professional experience), or accreditation as an experimental test pilot; a "hearing capacity of 25 dB or better per ear"; and a current class 2 pilot's medical certificate.[35][2] Upon selection, recruits would then receive training in "...the essentials of being an astronaut, survival skills and the Russian language, before moving on to robotics, navigation, maintenance and spacewalks", and then receiving mission-specific training.[36]

The types of disability considered for parastronaut program are lower limb deficiency (e.g. due to amputation or congenital limb deficiency), leg length difference, or short stature.[37]

### Applicants

Applications from 22,523 candidates were received. They came from all eligible nationalities (including Lithuania), as well as 257 for the parastronaut program.[38] This represented a 2.8x increase in the number of applications received compared to the previous ESA astronaut selection process.[39] Almost five and a half thousand applicants (24%) were women – up from 1287 (15.3%) female applicants in the previous selection process.[39] Estonia had the highest proportion of female applicants (38.6%), while Switzerland had the lowest (17.8%).[38]

With over seven thousand applications the largest number of applicants were French citizens, almost twice as many as the next most common applicant citizenship, Germans. It was speculated that the popularity of the call for applicants among French citizens was due to Thomas Pesquet's "Alpha" mission to the ISS beginning while the application period was open.[40] More than a thousand applications were also received from British, Spanish, Italian and Belgian citizens, while less than 100 applications were received from Estonians, Latvians, Lithuanians, Luxembourgers, and Slovenians.[41] ESA stressed that the eventual selection is "irrespective" of national funding of the organisation.[42]

Applicants by citizenship – total [note 2] (%♀)[38] Austria  | Belgium  | Czech Republic  | Denmark  | Estonia

|
|
|
|

466 (24.9%) | 1007 (22.8%) | 204 (18.1%) | 145 (24.1%) | 57 (38.6%)
Finland  | France  | Germany  | Greece  | Hungary
308 (18.8%) | 7087 (23.2%) | 3695 (28%)  | 281 (21.4%) | 149 (22.8%)
Ireland  | Italy  | Latvia  | Lithuania  | Luxembourg
276 (28.3%) | 1845 (18.8%) | 83 (27.7%) | 80 (23.8%) | 64 (18.8%)
The Netherlands  | Norway  | Poland  | Portugal  | Romania
982 (30.1%) | 391 (17.9%) | 549 (23.3%) | 320 (19.1%) | 254 (21.7%)
Slovenia  | Spain  | Sweden  | Switzerland  | United Kingdom
62 (21%) | 1341 (22.2%) | 281 (18.1%) | 668 (17.8%) | 2000 (28.5%)

### Selection process

The selection process itself proceeds over six stages:[43]

1. Screening of applicants was undertaken "on the basis of documents submitted, the application form and the screening questionnaire." It was initially expected that approximately 1500 (7%) applicants would be accepted through to stage 2.[40] By the conclusion of the 1st stage in January 2022, 1361 astronaut candidates and 27 parastronaut candidates were invited to the 2nd stage – including at least one man and one woman from every eligible nationality.[38][44]
2. Initial tests consisted of "cognitive, technical, motor coordination and personality tests" administered by the German Aerospace Center in Hamburg.
3. Assessment centre evaluation involved "additional psychometric tests, individual and group exercises and practical tests" administered at the European Astronaut Centre in Cologne.
4. Medical tests assessed "physical and psychological condition in view of long-duration astronaut missions"[45] administered in Cologne and the Toulouse Space Centre, France.
5. Panel interview assesses "technical and behavioural competencies" including a background check.
6. Final interview with the ESA Director General at the agency headquarters in Paris.

Selection process statistics  Stage[43] | Applicants

(of which para.)

| Completed  | %♀  | % of previous  | Ref.

|
|
|
|
|

Screening  | 22,780 (257)  | June 2021  | 24%  | –  | [38]
Initial tests  | 1,388 (27)  | March 2022  | 39%  | 5.9%  | [38]
Assessment centre  | ~400  | May  |  | ~28.8%  | [45]
Medical tests  |  | June  |  | ~25%  | [45]
Panel interview  |  |  |  |  |
Final interview  |  | October  | 40%+  |  | [46]
Confirmed | 23 November 2022[7] |  |  | [1]
Astronauts  | 5  | 40%
Reserve pool  | 11  | 54%
Parastronauts  | 1  | 0%

## See also

* NASA Astronaut Group 23

## Notes

1. ↑ At the time, ESA members nations were: Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Associate-members were Slovenia, Latvia, and Lithuania.[2] [32]
2. ↑ While many applicants hold multiple citizenships, for statistical purposes ESA categorises them according to their self-declared first citizenship.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "ESA presents new generation of ESA astronauts" (in en). https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/ESA_presents_new_generation_of_ESA_astronauts.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Astronaut selection 2021-22 FAQs" (in en). https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Careers_at_ESA/ESA_Astronaut_Selection/Astronaut_selection_2021-22_FAQs.
3. ↑ "ESA's astronaut candidates start training" (in en). https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/ESA_s_astronaut_candidates_start_training.
4. ↑ "Hunt on to find British astronaut to go to the moon - here's what you need to qualify" (in en). https://news.sky.com/story/hunt-on-to-find-british-astronaut-to-go-to-the-moon-heres-what-you-need-to-qualify-12219644.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Europe launches recruitment drive for female and disabled astronauts" (in en). 2021-02-17. http://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/feb/17/europe-launches-recruitment-drive-for-female-and-disabled-astronauts.
6. ↑ {{Cite web |date=23 November 2022 |title=Announcement of ESA's new class of astronauts |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZeD9TS3Slg |website=Also broadcast live on [[YouTube|publisher=European Space Agency}}
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Media Invitation: Announcement of ESA Astronaut Class of 2022" (in en). https://www.esa.int/Newsroom/Press_Releases/Media_Invitation_Announcement_of_ESA_Astronaut_Class_of_2022.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "European Space Agency: Astronaut recruitment seeks disability applicants" (in en-GB). BBC News. 2021-02-16. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-56072219.
9. ↑ "European Space Agency in bid to recruit female and disabled astronauts" (in en). 2021-02-16. https://www.euronews.com/2021/02/16/european-space-agency-in-bid-to-recruit-more-female-and-disabled-astronauts.
10. ↑ helicopter test pilot"Sophie Adenot" (in en). https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Astronauts/Sophie_Adenot.
11. ↑ "Pablo Álvarez Fernández" (in en). https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Astronauts/Pablo_Alvarez_Fernandez.
12. ↑ "Rosemary Coogan" (in en). https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Astronauts/Rosemary_Coogan.
13. ↑ "Raphaël Liégeois" (in en). https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Astronauts/Raphael_Liegeois.
14. ↑ "Marco Alain Sieber" (in en). https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Astronauts/Marco_Alain_Sieber.
15. ↑ "N° 28–2023: ESA proposes Marcus Wandt from Sweden to fly on a future Axiom space mission" (in en). 15 June 2023. https://www.esa.int/Newsroom/Press_Releases/ESA_proposes_Marcus_Wandt_from_Sweden_to_fly_on_a_future_Axiom_space_mission. .
16. ↑ "John McFall". 2022-11-23. https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Astronauts/John_McFall.
17. ↑ "Meganne Christian" (in en). https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Astronauts/Meganne_Christian.
18. ↑ "Anthea Comellini" (in en). https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Astronauts/Anthea_Comellini.
19. ↑ "Sara García Alonso" (in en). https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Astronauts/Sara_Garcia_Alonso.
20. ↑ "Andrea Patassa" (in en). https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Astronauts/Andrea_Patassa.
21. ↑ "Carmen Possnig" (in en). https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Astronauts/Carmen_Possnig.
22. ↑ "Arnaud Prost" (in en). https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Astronauts/Arnaud_Prost.
23. ↑ "Amelie Schoenenwald" (in en). https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Astronauts/Amelie_Schoenenwald.
24. ↑ "Aleš Svoboda" (in en). https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Astronauts/Ales_Svoboda.
25. ↑ "Sławosz Uznański" (in en). https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Astronauts/Slawosz_Uznanski.
26. ↑ "Nicola Winter" (in en). https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Astronauts/Nicola_Winter.
27. ↑ "Marcus Wandt" (in en). https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Astronauts/Marcus_Wandt.
28. ↑ "Watch live: ESA outlines its search for astronauts" (in en). https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/Watch_live_ESA_outlines_its_search_for_astronauts.
29. ↑ "Astronaut Job Req ID: 12355" (in en-GB). 2021-03-31. https://jobs.esa.int/job/Porz-Wahn-Astronaut-ESOC/662874901/.
30. ↑ "Astronaut (with a physical disability) Job Req ID: 12354" (in en-GB). 2021-03-31. https://jobs.esa.int/job/Porz-Wahn-Astronaut-(with-a-physical-disability)-ESOC/662873001/.
31. ↑ "Final figures show astronaut applicants from all ESA Member States" (in en). https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Careers_at_ESA/ESA_Astronaut_Selection/Final_figures_show_astronaut_applicants_from_all_ESA_Member_States.
32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 "ESA extends deadline for astronaut applications as new Associate Member joins" (in en). 2021-05-21. http://www.esa.int/About_Us/Careers_at_ESA/ESA_Astronaut_Selection/ESA_extends_deadline_for_astronaut_applications_as_new_Associate_Member_joins.
33. ↑ "Women and people with disabilities 'often better adapted to spaceflight than men'" (in en-AU). 2021-02-17. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-02-17/european-space-agency-in-recruitment-drive/13162870.
34. ↑ "Applicants from all ESA Member States to become European astronauts" (in en). http://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/European_Astronaut_Selection_2008/Applicants_from_all_ESA_Member_States_to_become_European_astronauts.
35. ↑ "Astronaut Application Handbook". European Space Agency. 2021-03-31. p. 19. https://esamultimedia.esa.int/docs/careers/ESA_Astrosel_Handbook.pdf.
36. ↑ O’Leary, Naomi. "European Space Agency launches search for new astronauts" (in en). The Irish Times. https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/european-space-agency-launches-search-for-new-astronauts-1.4486862.
37. ↑ "Parastronaut feasibility project". www.esa.int. https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Careers_at_ESA/ESA_Astronaut_Selection/Parastronaut_feasibility_project.
38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 38.4 38.5 "Final figures show astronaut applicants from all ESA Member States" (in en). https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Careers_at_ESA/ESA_Astronaut_Selection/Final_figures_show_astronaut_applicants_from_all_ESA_Member_States.
39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 "Wide range of applications for ESA's astronaut selection" (in en). https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Careers_at_ESA/ESA_Astronaut_Selection/Wide_range_of_applications_for_ESA_s_astronaut_selection.
40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 "Big numbers apply to be European astronauts" (in en-GB). BBC News. 2021-06-23. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-57530395.
41. ↑ "ESA Astronaut Selection 2021: Preliminary Numbers". 2021-06-23. p. 3. https://esamultimedia.esa.int/docs/careers/ESA_AStroSel_2021_Preliminary_Numbers.pdf.
42. ↑ "European Space Agency: Astronaut recruitment drive for greater diversity" (in en-GB). BBC News. 2021-02-16. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-56072219.
43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 "Astronaut Application Handbook". European Space Agency. 2021-03-31. p. 13. https://esamultimedia.esa.int/docs/careers/ESA_Astrosel_Handbook.pdf.
44. ↑ "Astronaut selection: stage one complete" (in en). https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Careers_at_ESA/ESA_Astronaut_Selection/Astronaut_selection_stage_one_complete.
45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 "ESA astronaut selection in the final stages" (in en). https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/ESA_astronaut_selection_in_the_final_stages.
46. ↑ Aschbacher, Josef (18 October 2022). "Samantha Cristoforetti's first news conference after returning to Earth". European Space Agency: min:42-46. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aepkIMeX6i4.

## External links

* ESA recruitment website YourWayToSpace and astronaut application handbook

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