Lanthanum(III) iodide

Names
Other names

Lanthanum triiodide

Identifiers

CAS Number

* 13813-22-4 Y

3D model (JSmol)

* Interactive image

EC Number |

* 237-465-6

PubChem CID

* 24870325

InChI

* InChI=1S/3HI.La/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3

Key: KYKBXWMMXCGRBA-UHFFFAOYSA-K

SMILES

* I[La](I)I

Properties

Chemical formula

| LaI3
Molar mass | 519.62
Density | 5.63 g/mL at 25 °C
Melting point |  772 °C (1,422 °F; 1,045 K)

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Infobox references

Lanthanum(III) iodide is an inorganic compound containing lanthanum and iodine with the chemical formula LaI3.[1]

## Contents

* 1 Synthesis
* 2 Structure
* 3 Reactivity and applications
* 4 Related compounds
* 5 References

## Synthesis

Lanthanum(III) iodide can be synthesised by the reaction of lanthanum metal with mercury(II) iodide:[2][3]

2 La + 3 HgI2 → 2 LaI3 \+ 3 Hg

It can also be prepared from the elements, that is by the reaction of metallic lanthanum with iodine:[2]

2 La + 3 I2 → 2 LaI3

While lanthanum(III) iodide solutions can be generated by dissolving lanthanum oxide in hydroiodic acid, the product will hydrolyse and form polymeric hydroxy species:[4]

La2O3 \+ 6 HI → 2 LaI3 \+ 3 H2O → further reactions

## Structure

Lanthanum(III) iodide adopts the same crystal structure as plutonium(III) bromide, with 8-coordinate metal centres arranged in layers.[4][5] This orthorhombic structure is typical of the triiodides of the lighter lanthanides (La–Nd), whereas heavier lanthanides tend to adopt the hexagonal bismuth(III) iodide structure.[3]

## Reactivity and applications

Lanthanum(III) iodide is very soluble in water and is deliquescent.[4] Anhydrous lanthanum(III) iodide reacts with tetrahydrofuran to form a photoluminescent complex, LaI3(THF)4, with an average La–I bond length of 3.16 Å.[6][7] This complex is a starting material for amide and cyclopentadienyl complexes of lanthanum.[6][8]

## Related compounds

Lanthanum also forms a diiodide, LaI2. It is an electride and is best formulated {LaIII,2I−,e−}, with the electron delocalised in a conduction band.[4] Several other lanthanides form similar compounds, including CeI2, PrI2 and GdI2.[9] Lanthanum diiodide adopts the same tetragonal crystal structure as PrI2.[10]

Lanthanum(III) iodide reacts with lanthanum metal under an argon atmosphere in a tantalum capsule at 1225 K to form the mixed-valence compound La2I5.[11]

Reduction of LaI2 or LaI3 with metallic sodium in an argon atmosphere at 550 °C gives lanthanum monoiodide, LaI, which has a hexagonal crystal structure.[12]

## References

1. ↑ Taylor, Moddie D. (1962). "Preparation of Anhydrous Lanthanon Halides". Chem. Rev. 62 (6): 503–511. doi:10.1021/cr60220a001.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Corbett, John D.; Simon, Arndt (1984). "Chapter 6: Lanthanum Triiodide (and Other Rare Earth Metal Triiodides)". in Holt Jr., Smith L.. Inorg. Synth.. 22. pp. 11–16. doi:10.1002/9780470132531.ch6.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Asprey, L. B.; Keenan, T. K.; Kruse, F. H. (1964). "Preparation and Crystal Data for Lanthanide and Actinide Triiodides". Inorg. Chem. 3 (8): 1137–1141. doi:10.1021/ic50018a015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc867868/.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 949–950. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
5. ↑ Wells, A. F. (1984). Structural Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 420. ISBN 978-0-19-965763-6.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Ortu, Fabrizio (2022). "Rare Earth Starting Materials and Methodologies for Synthetic Chemistry". Chem. Rev. 122 (6): 6040–6116. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00842. PMID 35099940.
7. ↑ Li, Yangjuan; Chen, Xiuting; Gong, Yu (2021). "Photoluminescence of LaI3 switched on and off by association and dissociation of non-luminescent tetrahydrofuran". Dalton Trans. 50 (11): 3797–3800. doi:10.1039/D1DT00162K. PMID 33720234.
8. ↑ Windorff, Cory J.; Dumas, Megan T.; Ziller, Joseph W.; Gaunt, Andrew J.; Kozimor, Stosh A.; Evans, William J. (2017). "Small-Scale Metal-Based Syntheses of Lanthanide Iodide, Amide, and Cyclopentadienyl Complexes as Analogues for Transuranic Reactions". Inorg. Chem. 56 (19): 11981–11989. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01968. PMID 28915015.
9. ↑ Wells, A. F. (1984). Structural Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 1250. ISBN 978-0-19-965763-6.
10. ↑ Burrow, J. H.; Maule, C. H.; Strange, P.; Tothill, J. N.; Wilson, J. A. (1987). "The electronic conditions in the 5d1 layer-metal LaI2 making comparison with the iso-electronic tantalum dichalcogenides, with the other RE di-iodides, and with the RE monochalcogenides". J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. 20 (26): 4115–4133. doi:10.1088/0022-3719/20/26/014. Bibcode: 1987JPhC...20.4115B.
11. ↑ Mattausch, Hj.; Oeckler, O.; Simon, A. (2003). "Crystal structure of dilanthanum pentaiodide, La2I5". Z. Kristallogr. NCS 218 (3): 281. doi:10.1524/ncrs.2003.218.3.281.
12. ↑ Ryazanov, Mikhail; Kienle, Lorenz; Simon, Arndt; Mattausch, Hansjürgen (2006). "New Synthesis Route to and Physical Properties of Lanthanum Monoiodide". Inorg. Chem. 45 (5): 2068–2074. doi:10.1021/ic051834r. PMID 16499368.

* v
* t
* e

Lanthanum compounds

* LaB6
* LaBr3
* LaC2
* LaCl3
* La2(CO3)3
* LaH10
* LaF3
* La2O3
* La(OH)3

HI |  |  |  | He

|
|
|
|

LiI | BeI2 | BI3 | CI4 | NI3 | I2O4,
I2O5,
I4O9 | IF,
IF3,
IF5,
IF7 | Ne
NaI | MgI2 | AlI3 | SiI4 | PI3,
P2I4 | S  | ICl,
ICl3 | Ar
KI | CaI2 | Sc  | TiI4 | VI3 | CrI3 | MnI2 | FeI2 | CoI2 | NiI2 | CuI | ZnI2 | Ga2I6 | GeI2,
GeI4 | AsI3 | Se  | IBr | Kr
RbI | SrI2 | YI3 | ZrI4 | NbI5 | Mo  | Tc  | Ru  | Rh  | Pd  | AgI | CdI2 | InI3 | SnI4,
SnI2 | SbI3 | TeI4 | I  | Xe
CsI | BaI2 |  | HfI4 | TaI5 | W  | Re  | Os  | Ir  | Pt  | AuI | Hg2I2,
HgI2 | TlI | PbI2 | BiI3 | Po  | AtI | Rn
Fr  | RaI2 |  | Rf  | Db  | Sg  | Bh  | Hs  | Mt  | Ds  | Rg  | Cn  | Nh  | Fl  | Mc  | Lv  | Ts  | Og
| ↓  |  |
La  | Ce  | Pr  | Nd  | Pm  | SmI2 | Eu  | Gd  | TbI3 | Dy  | Ho  | Er  | Tm  | Yb  | Lu
Ac  | ThI4 | Pa  | UI3,
UI4 | Np  | Pu  | Am  | Cm  | Bk  | Cf  | EsI3 | Fm  | Md  | No  | Lr

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